International Journal of Graduate Research and Review

67-69

Authors: Dija Bhandari, Chandan Bhattarai

Agriculture is the major occupation of Nepalese people that provides employment opportunities to two third of the total population. It also contributes one third of the total national GDP. Agriculture is indispensable part to bolster national GDP and thus a key for the development of national economy. Nepal has a huge flow of tourist every year. Tourists are attracted to the immense natural beauty, diversified landscapes, suitable climate, rich cultural heritage, and friendly people of the country. People are seeking for connectedness with nature, and Nepal could be the best destination which is rural and remains intact today and unspoiled from urban bustle, modernity and pollution. It opens huge scope for potential growth and expansion of blended mixture of two industries; agriculture and tourism, the agro-tourism. Despite of agriculture being the primary occupation of the people, the country is lacking beyond its self-sufficiency and farmers are not getting satisfactory revenue from their occupation. The world today seeks for more scientific, technological and innovative kind of thinking in every sector. Agro-tourism can become an alternative way that provides additional income and creates greater employment opportunities to the rural small holder farmers but also encompasses sustainability in agriculture. Agro-tourism requires innovative thinking, addresses rural participation and ensures sustainability. Agro-tourism has a great potential to foster in Nepal. Enterprise development should be motivated among rural small holder farmers for agro-tourism. Hence, combining these two industries, agriculture and tourism can become the two wheels of a vehicle to drive economy of Nepal forward. This article is the review of opportunities and potential benefits of agro-tourism in Nepal from different sources.

77-87

Authors: Uzma Ilyas, Muhammad Afzal, Kousar Parveen, Syed Amir Gilani

Assertiveness is the crucial for professional nurses to deal with complex human relations situations and the ability to communicate assertively is often considered as a most precious skill that professional nurses can possess. It is very important for the professional nurses to become more assertive and have awareness of how to use assertive behavior effectively in the workplace to manage all the challenges and difficulties they face on the workplace. The objective of the study is to explore comparison between assertive behavior of professional nurses and head nurse of the Hospital. Cross- sectional descriptive and co-relational study was conduct to measure the assertive behavior of the charge nurses and head nurses with sample size of charge nurses (n=133) and head nurses (n=66) for research. The results of the study showed the charge nurses were less assertive than head nurses in the Sir Ganga Ram hospital Lahore Pakistan. This study concludes that the assertive behavior of the charge nurses and head nurses is very important for the improvement of communication skills, increasing self-confidence, conflict management, taking personal and professional responsibilities.

95-102

Authors: Rashida Noureen, Muhammad Hussain, Hajra Sarwer Muhammad Afzal, Syed Amir Gilani

Introduction: High quality of care is one of the requirements of nursing which depends on the nursing competency. In this connection, the aim of this research was to determine the problems that influence the academic learning (nursing' educational program) and clinical practices from the viewpoint of student nurses. Methods: The study design was used descriptive cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 148 participant of general Nursing students of first year, second year and third .was in learning and practice The instrument of the study was a two-part researcher-made questionnaire with 18 questions in the clinical learning problems to assess problems related to the academic and clinical practices in nursing students , questionnaire was validated in terms of both face and content validity. Its reliability, using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, was 0.72 in the theoretical-clinical and 0.73 in the clinical realm. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data, using SPSS software. Results: The results of this study indicated that from the participants’ viewpoints, the most important problems in the academic learning were as follows: lack of academic research the clinical period (88.1%), no application of theoretical aspects of the nursing process in practice (76.4%), insufficient knowledgeable and professional educators (70.3%),the use of traditional routine-oriented methods on the wards (74.2%). Participants viewpoints, the most important problems in the clinical practice were as follows: insufficient time for performance based on knowledge in relation to the nurse's workload (79.0%), weakness and usefulness of scientific function encouragement systems in clinic (53.3%), and learnt theoretical subjects not coming into practice in clinical fields after graduation (71.6%).Conclusion: Efforts to reduce the gap between the theoretical and practical (clinical function) knowledge in educational and work environment are required to improve the training of qualified nurses.

110-115

Authors: Asma Tasleem, Muhammad Hussain, Muhammad Afzal, Pro.Dr. Syed Amir Gilani

Background: Infectious patients are admitted to the hospitals and therefore, hospitals have emerged as common place where diseases transmit from one person to another person. Further, these infectious patients serve as a source of infections transmission from patient to patient, nurses and other visitors (Sydnor and Perl, 2011). Further, hospital acquired infections are defined as infections which occur in a patient during the process of care within a hospital which was not present or incubating at the time of admission. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practices regarding infection prevention and control among the nurses of a public hospital. Methodology: This study was conducted to assess nurse’s level of knowledge and practices of infection prevention and control at Jinnah hospital Lahore. Target population of the current study was 150 nurses of ICU, CCU and surgical and Medical wards of Jinnah Hospital Data is collected from the participant through self-administered questionnaire and the participants are selected through simple random sampling method, the sample size for this study is 150 nurses of different departments. Results: The current study examines the Knowledge and Control practices of Infection among the Nurses of Public Hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. The results show that the nurses have sufficient knowledge regarding the infection control practices; however, the nurses lack the practices regarding the infection control in the public sector of health. Conclusions: mostly nurses have adequate knowledge of regarding infection control practices. But many nurses have lack of practices reason could lack of recourses non availability of personal protective equipments in public hospital. But with the time nurses are getting more and more knowledge and utilization of excellent practices and learning importance of infection prevention and good health out puts of patients as well as health care providers.