International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research

7-12

Authors: Sridevi Gowripattapu*, S. Madhavi Latha

The objective of the present investigation was to design suitable sustained release tablet formulation of Nateglinide by using different polymers such as hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K15M, xanthan gum, guar gum as release rate retarding polymers. The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. Nateglinide is used as anti diabetic drug. The objective of the treatment is to achieve hypoglycemia, by using an ideal dosage regimen. The sustained release formulation provides extend duration of action in therapeutic range without reaching toxic levels as in the case of conventional dosage forms. The real formulation trails are carried from F1 to F9 in which Drug: Polymer ratio was set as 1:9 respectively. The prepared formulations F1 to F9 were evaluated for pre and post compression characteristics, along with the in vitro dissolution Studies. It was found that the release of drug from F1, F2, and F3 gave the better release than other formulations. In these three formulations F2 showing highest release following first order kinetics. From the Higuchi plot good correlation coefficient was observed showing diffusion mechanism. From the peppas plot it was observed that the release model was non fickian anomalous. The release rate was decreased as polymer concentration increased so it shows that increase in diffusion length of polymer decreases the release rate.

21-29

Authors: Ndatsu Yakubu1*, Umaru Alhassan Mohammed2

The total flavonoid contents of the various coagulated tofu and the hepatoprotective potential of all tofu flavonoid extracts were investigated. Tofu was prepared from locally sourced coagulants (steep water, alum, lemon, and lemon peel ash extract). Total flavonoid contents of all coagulated tofu were investigated as established in vitro flavonoid assay. The hepatoprotective activities of tofu flavonoid extracts against acetaminophen-induced hepatic cell toxicity in rats was also investigated in this study. The activity was analyzed by assessing the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The concentrations of the serum sugar, total protein, albumin, and cholesterol as well as prothrombin time (PT) of experimental rats with histopathological analysis were also conducted. The range of the total flavonoid contents of tofu was 4.3-6.4 mg/g. Tofu flavonoid extracts significantly reduced the activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH; total cholesterol, and sugar levels, but total protein and albumin concentrations increased compared to acetaminophen-intoxicated rats. Also, the prothrombin time prolongation of serum in acetaminophen intoxicated rats was reduced. Histology of the liver tissue demonstrated that tofu flavonoid extracts inhibited the acetaminophen-induced hepatic cell necrosis, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and accelerated hepatocellular regeneration. Therefore, all tofus exhibited high total flavonoid contents, and the tofu supplement in human diets is highly recommended as it can be used as a functional food to prevent liver injuries.

37-42

Authors: DH Geetha*, Indhiramuthu Jayashree, M Rajeswari

To investigate the anti-diabetic activity of Elaeocarpus serratus fruit in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. The dose-dependent effects of 30days oral treatment with ethanol extracts of fruit (200 and 400 mg/kg) of E. serratus on body weight, blood glucose level, total protein, albumin, liver marker enzymes and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration ethanolic extract of fruit of E. serratus showed significant restoration of the body weight and decrease in the blood glucose level, liver marker enzymes (ALT, AST ALP) and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were observed in diabetic rats. These results suggest that fruit extract of E. serratus has valuable anti-diabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats which is comparable to the standard drug glibenclamide and hence might be of use in the management of diabetes.

50-56

Authors: Afagnigni Alian Désiré1*, Nyegue Maximilienne Ascension1, Ndoye Foe Chantal Florentine2, Voundi Olugu Steve1, Fonkoua Marie Christine3, Etoa Francois-Xavier1

Dissotis multiflora leaves are commonly used in the Cameroon traditional medicine to heal infectious diseases without solid scientific basis. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, in vitro antibacterial activity, phenol content and antioxidant activity of its ethanolic leaves extracts. Antibacterial test was assessed by agar well diffusion and microdilution methods against seven clinical isolates species namely Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus cereus. Total phenol content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu test while antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinons, steroids and flavonoids. Extract inhibited the growth of all species tested with inhibition zone diameter ranged from 10.33 ± 1.24 mm (Klebsiella pneumoniae) to 28 ± 2.94 mm (Shigella flexneri) and MIC varying between 97.65µg/ml (Salmonella typhi) and 781µg/ml (Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter cloacae). Total phenol content was found to be 813.68 ± 1.27 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g of dry material. The scavenging kinetics of DPPH by Dissotis multiflora extracts shows a steady state at 60 minutes while EC50 was 0.7 × 103 g/mol in DPPH. FRAP assay shows a reducing power of 7 ± 0.35 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g of dry material. ABTS assay displayed an inhibition percentage of 93.269% at 4.54µg/ml. These results justify the use of Dissotis multiflora in traditional medicine to heal diarrhea and can be use as potential biomolecules reservoir.

65-67

Authors: Chandra Shekhar Sharma1*, Shashank Shekher Mishra1, Hamendra Pratap Singh1, Neeraj Kumar2

Cancer is a serious health problem that recognized as a group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth. Majority of cancer chemotherapeutic agents have serious toxicity profile. Due to this use of these agents are limited. Therefore, it is essential requirement for developing new chemotherapeutic agents to devoid toxicity. In this research work, we study the pharmacokinetic, toxicity and bioactivity profile of few selected chemotherapeutic agents by In silico method. These research investigations provide the lead for the development of new cancer chemotherapeutic agents with lesser toxicity and more effectiveness.