International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research

229-235

Authors: Bhanupriya Bhrigua, Devender Pathaka, Nadeem Siddiquib*, M Shamsher Alamb, Waquar Ahsanb

Isatin and its analogs are versatile substrates, which can be used for the synthesis of numerous heterocyclic compounds. Isatin and its derivatives are used in organic synthesis and they are used in evaluating new product that possesses different biological activities. In the past few decades, Isatin and its derivatives have received much attention due to their chemotherapeutic values. This review covers updated information on the most active isatin derivatives that have been reported to show considerable pharmacological actions such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. From these results, ideas for future molecular modifications leading to compounds with greater favorable pharmacological properties may be derived.

247-253

Authors: Dipankar Ghosha, Arindam Pramanika, Narattam Sikdara, Sudip Kumar Ghoshb, Panchanan Pramanika*

Low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation of depolymerised chitosan for effective drug delivery in drug resistant bacteria. Depolymerisation reaction was performed by potassium persulfate oxidation at an optimized condition in presence of silver nitrate. Optimized condition for depolymerisation was anticipated at 37°C, pH 4, 2 days reaction time and 0.05 M concentration of potassium per sulphate with 1 mM silver nitrate in final reaction mixture. Chemical characteristics of depolymerised chitosan and low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Drug loading efficiency and drug releasing efficiency were also studied. Finally, antimicrobial activity of tetracycline loaded low molecular chitosan nanoparticles was determined in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration and putative mode of action on tetracycline resistant bacteria Escherichia coli XL-1 Blue.

261-264

Authors: Gupta Sandeep1*, Ahirwar Dheeraj1, Jhade Deenanath1, Sharma Neeraj Kumar1, Ahirwar Bharti2

The present study deals with the macroscopical and microscopical studies of aerial parts of Mentha arvensis Linn. Microscopically, aerial parts showed glandular trichomes, helical to spiral xylem, palisade tissues with columnar cells, diacytic stomata. Powder microscopical examination showed the presence of glandular and uni to multi celled trichomes, helical to spiral xylem vessel, stomatal epidermal cells, abundant xylem vessels with pitted thickenings, abundant thin walled parenchymatius cells, epidermis with cuticle and collenchymatous cells, parenchymatous cells with reddish tannin contents. Physicochemical parameters and preliminary phytochemical studies of the powdered aerial parts were also carried out. Total ash was approximately sixteen and four times more than acid insoluble and water soluble ash, respectively. Water soluble extractive was slightly higher than ethanol soluble extractive. T.L.C. of petroleum-ether, chloroform and ethanol extract showed eight spots, nine spots and six spots, respectively. Phytochemically, it exhibited alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and sugars. These findings might be useful to supplement information in regard to its identification parameters assumed significantly in the way of acceptability of herbal drugs in present scenario lacking regulatory laws to control quality of herbal drugs.

269-271

Authors: Rajesh R1*, Chitra K2, Padmaa M. Paarakh3

Methanol and aqueous extracts of Aerva lanata Linn Juss were taken for anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworm Pheritima postuma. Various concentrations of both extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms of time for paralysis and time taken for death of worms. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as reference standard and normal saline as a control group. Dose dependent activity was observed in both the extracts and the result shows that the methanol extract possesses more activity than aqueous extract and thus may be useful as an anthelmintic.

275-277

Authors: Sunil Dutt P L N S N2, Siddalingeshwara K.Gurubasappa1*, Sudipta K.Mohanty1, Karthic J2, Shantaveer G2, Vishwanatha T3, Mohsin S. Mushtaq 2 , Dhulappa A3 and Dayananda K.S1.

All fourteen isolates of Pencillium expansum were screened for the production of L-glutaminase. The screening of L-glutaminase producing isolates carried out by using modified Czapek Dox’s agar plate. Out of fourteen isolates the strain P. expansum KGSSD 08 were showed high and potential L-glutaminase producer. It showed maximum 1.11cm zone of diameter. Then the rapid confirmation of L-glutaminase producing Pencillium expansum KGSSD 08 were carried out by thin layer chromatography and the Rf Values were determined. The Rf value is 0.268.This Rf was close to that of standard glutamic acid.

281-285

Authors: Bharat Gami1*, Minoo Parabia2, I. L. Kothari1

In this study, results of in vitro callus development from Mimusops elengi as substitute of bark were formulated. By different auxine/cytokinine ratio from young nodal explant compact, globular and fragile types of callus were developed. Methanolic extract of all types of callus and bark were studied for extractable matter, antibacterial activity, phytochemical profiling, biouautography and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) banding patterns. Results of all calluses were compared with results of natural bark of M. elengi. TLC pattern of three types of callus and bark revealed similar banding pattern, and same bioactivity was also observed in bioautography. Our results indicate that natural bark & in vitro developed callus of M. elengi posses similar chemical profiling and bioactivity regardless the type & colour of callus.

291-293

Authors: Sandeep Goyal1*, Suresh Kumar2

Pulsatilla nigricans Stoerck (Ranunculaceae) has been traditionally used in nervousness, sadness, mild restlessness and mental unrest. Yet, the plant has never been subjected to systematic biological investigation. Therefore, the present investigation has been designed to evaluate anti-anxiety activity of P. nigricans. In the present investigation, petroleum ether (60-80°C), chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of P. nigricans aerial parts were evaluated for anti-anxiety activity in mice using elevated plus-maze apparatus. Among all the extracts, only methanol extract exhibited significant anti-anxiety activity at the dose of 200 mg/kg with respect to control as well as standard (diazepam, 2 mg/kg). As phytochemical screening of methanol extract showed presence of polyphenols, i.e., flavonoids and tannins, thus, these constituents might be responsible for anxiolytic potential of P. nigricans.

302-304

Authors: Vijayaraj S*, Bagyalakshmi J, Ravi TK

Interaction of Atorvastatin, Simvastatin and Rosuvastatin with dyes like ferric oxide red, brilliant blue and soy food stuffs were carried out in BSA using RP-HPLC method. Developed method was validated as per ICH Guidelines. Protein binding and Intrinsic association constant ‘K’ of statin drugs were calculated in presence of dyes and food stuffs. The order of interaction in Atorvastatin, Simvastatin and Rosuvastatin were found to be ferric oxide > soy food stuffs > brilliant blue; Soy food stuff > ferric oxide > brilliant blue; brilliant blue > soy food stuffs > ferric oxide red respectively. Protein binding of Atorvastatin was found to be decreased by 46.16%, 38.91%, and 30.87% in presence of brilliant blue, ferric oxide and soy food stuffs respectively. In case of Simvastatin it was found to be decreased by 35.52%, 34.63% and 18.45% and in case of Rosuvastatin it was found to be decreased by 65.29%, 56.02%, 45.81% in presence of brilliant blue, ferric oxide red and soy food stuffs respectively. The intrinsic association constant of Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, and Rosuvastatin was found to be altered in presence of brilliant blue, ferric oxide red and soy food stuffs.

165-175

Authors: Md. Azizur Rahman1*, Anees A. Siddiqui2

2-Pyrazolines display a broad spectrum of potential pharmacological activities and are present in a number of pharmacologically active molecules such as phenazone/ amidopyrene/ methampyrone (analgesic and antipyretic), azolid/ tandearil (anti-inflammatory), indoxacarb (insecticide) and anturane (uricosuric). Changes in their structure have offered a high degree of diversity that has proven useful for the development of new therapeutic agents having improved potency and lesser toxicity. In this context, the recently synthesized 2-pyrazoline derivatives possessing important pharmacological activities have been highlighted.

182-187

Authors: CM Jamakhandi1*, Chandrashekar Javali1 , Satish Kumar2, Santosh Kumar1, Sanjay Kumar DS1

New fluorimetric analytical method which is simple, accurate, precise, specific is developed for determination of Lisinopril. The fluorimetric determination of Lisinopril is based on the formation of complex between Lisinopril and Fluorescien, measured at excitation wavelength of 366 nm and emission wavelength of 475 nm. Linearity was observed in the range of 0.03 – 0.15 µg ml-1. The fluorimetric method shows regression coefficient of 0.99971, and Relative Standard Deviation 0.527. Tablet dosage forms were estimated were complied with percentage recovery studies of 99-100 %. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and statistically expressed.

193-198

Authors: Sougata Jana1*, Dibyendu Lakshman1, Kalyan Kumar Sen1, Sanat Kumar Basu2

In this study, buccal patches of metronidazole were formulated by solvent casting method using tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP). The patches were crosslinked with epichlorohydrin and different batches were prepared following 23 factorial design. The patches were evaluated with respect to their ex-vivo drug permeation characteristics, mucoadhesive strength, folding endurance, and buccal residence time. At lower level of cross linker and plasticizer, the drug permeation was the highest (72.72%). The drug release from the patches was dominated by a dissolution-controlled mechanism rather than diffusion. The folding endurance did not vary widely (201-254), however the mucoadhesive strength (6.1-36.5 g) and the residence time (~2-6 h) deviated widely depending upon the formulation variables. The FT-IR spectroscopy revealed no interaction between drug and polymer. Thus the TSP could be a promising vehicle for the fabrication of buccal patches.

204-209

Authors: Sangita Sharma*, M. Neog, Dipti Dabhi

Four simple, sensitive, accurate, and rapid visible spectrophotometric methods (A, B, C and D) have been developed for the estimation of sulfamethoxazole in pharmaceutical Preparation. They are based on the diazotization of sulfamethoxazole with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid followed by coupling with N-(1-naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (Method A) to form pink coloured chromogen, diphenylamine (Method B) to form pink coloured chromogen, β-napthol (in alkaline medium) (Method C) to form a orange yellow coloured chromogen and Resorcinol (in alkaline medium) (Method D) to form orange red coloured chromogen and exhibiting absorption maxima λmax at 536 nm, 516 nm, 477 nm and 502 nm respectively. The coloured chromogens formed are stable for more than 2 h. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 4 -12 µg mL-1 in method A , 2 – 10 µg mL-1 in method B, 5 – 25 µg mL-1 in method C and 1 – 5 µg mL-1 in method D respectively. The Results of the four analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies. The results obtained in the proposed methods are in good agreements with labeled amounts, when marketed pharmaceutical preparations are analyzed.

213-215

Authors: Vinod Kumar*, Rajeev Kumar, Sanjay Yadav, Satyawan Singh, Surendra Nath Pandeya

Desmostachia bipinnata (L.) Stapf (Gramineae) occurs widely in Egypt. This plant used traditionally as analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, asthma, thirst, jaundice, vaginal discharges, vesicle calculi, diseases of bladder, skin eruptions, vomiting, and sedative to pregnant uterus. So, in the present study, Desmostachia bipinnata roots were explored for their anti-inflammatory (carrageenan induced paw oedema) and analgesic potential (Hot plate method) on experimental model and compared to standard drugs (Indomethacin for anti-inflammatory activity, Analgin for analgesic activity). In the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test for acute inflammation, the extract of Desmostachya bipinnata in dose of 400 mg/kg body weight showed 62.5% inhibition of edema, at the end of 3h. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, sterols and flavonoids. The pharmacological activities of medicinal plants are usually due to their secondary metabolites. Some of the constituents of the extract have been documented to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The results of this study provide evidence for the analgesic and anti- inflammatory activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata root thus supporting its traditional use in painful inflammatory conditions.

219-223

Authors: Jatin Thakral, Sakshi Borar, Roopa, A. N. Kalia*

Aerial parts of Convolvulus arvensis were subjected to extraction and further fractionation to obtain antioxidant rich fraction. Different concentrations of methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction were subjected to antioxidant assay by DPPH method, nitric oxide scavenging activity and reducing power assay. The fractions showed dose dependent free radical scavenging property in all the models. IC50 values for methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction were found to be 131.03 ± 2.46 and 43.21 ± 4.45 respectively in comparison to L-Ascorbic acid and Rutin as standard with IC50 values of 6.537 ± 0.235 and 5.437 ± 0.206 respectively in DPPH model. In nitric oxide scavenging activity the IC50 values were found to be 130.12 ± 2.46 and 57.5 ± 4.45, 21.06 ± 0.953 and 29.93 ± 0.324 for methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction, L-Ascorbic acid and Rutin respectively. The fractions showed good reducing power with increasing concentration. However, the ethyl acetate fraction showed a good reducing power and better free radical scavenging activity as compared to methanolic extract thus its antioxidant potential is comparable to standards. HPTLC analysis of ethyl acetate fraction confirms the presence of flavonoids which are responsible for the antioxidant activity. This is the first report on antioxidant activity of C. arvensis.

91-98

Authors: Gagandeep Chaudhary1*, Sandeep Goyal1, Priyanka Poonia2

Lawsonia inermis L. is a much branched glabrous shrub or small tree, cultivated for its leaves although stem bark, roots, flowers and seeds have also been used in traditional medicine. The plant is reported to contain carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, xanthones and fatty acids. The plant has been reported to have analgesic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitrypanosomal, antidermatophytic, antioxidant, antifertility, tuberculostatic and anticancer properties. It is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. This review gives a bird’s eye view mainly on the pharmacognostic characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of the plant.

107-111

Authors: N. G. Raghavendra Rao1*, Upendra Kulkarni2, Anand Deshmukh3, D. K. Suresh1

Aceclofenac, (2-[2-[2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl) aminophenyl] acety] oxyacetic acid) a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been indicated for various conditions like post-traumatic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis. Multiple-unit systems have been reported to avoid the variations in gastric emptying and different transit rates through gastro-intestinal and spread over a large area preventing exposure of the absorbing site to high drug concentration on chronic dosing. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop aceclofenac loaded chitosan microparticles by ionotropic gelation method. Drug loading efficiency (DLE) of microparticles was found between 62.20 to 92.93 % and depended on the formulation variables. Increase in the Tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentration, pH of the TPP solution and cross-linking time decreased the drug release. The particle size decreased with increase in cross-linking time and found between the ranges of 1194.1 to 1568.9 µm. Drug release showed slight burst effect in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 in first hour followed by prolonged release for 8 hrs. FTIR and DSC revealed that there was no interaction between drug and polymer. The release data was fitted into first order, zero order and Higuchi model to find release kinetics. The values of regression coefficient r2 were found to be greater (£ 0.9541) for first order than for zero order (£ 0.8740) and the r2 value for Higuchi was £ 0.9805 suggesting diffusion controlled process. The result concluded that TPP-chitosan microparticles developed by ionotropic gelation method might become potential delivery system to prolonging the release of aceclofenac.

115-119

Authors: P. Shanmugapandiyan a, K.S. Denshingb, R. Ilavarasanc, N. Anbalagand*, R. Nirmala

A new series of 2-[4-(azetidin-2-one)-3-Chloro-4-phenyl]-1H-Phenylbenzimidazoles and 2-(thiazolidin-4-one)-Phenyl]-1H-Phenylbenzimidazoles were synthesized by the reaction of schiff base [2-(4-aminophenyl)-Benzimidazole and substituted Benzaldehyde] with chloroacetyl chloride and mercaptoacetic acid respectively. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectral and C, H, N analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Klebssiela pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella epidermidis), antifungal (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans), analgesic activity by writhing reflex method and anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw edema method. The synthesized compound showed significant activity of antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of standard.

123-126

Authors: Naveen Pathak, Vijay Naithani*, Jasvinder Singh, Parveen Bhole, Manu Chaudhary

The present study was designed to assess the variation in curcumin content of Curcuma longa rhizome and total polyphenols in Azadirachta indica bark samples procured from different zones of India. Physico-chemical tests such as total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive, volatile oil content etc. were also determined. A slight variation was seen in the bark samples of Azadirachta indica. Total ash ranged from 4.25±0.15 (East zone) to 5.57±0.20 (Central zone) whereas acid insoluble ash ranged from 0.80±0.07 (East zone) to 1.52±0.06 (Central zone). Alcohol soluble extractive value of East zone sample was found to be more than 4 times higher 16.95±0.80 than that of central zone 3.85±0.12, where lowest value was recorded. Water soluble extractive value was also found to be highest in East zone sample 17.80±1.10 which was 2 times more than that of Central zone sample 8.45±0.15. This variation may be due to variation in climatic conditions, soil type, pollution stress etc. All the results were within the limits as given in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Total Polyphenols ranged from 190.0 mgGAE/g of dry weight (Central zone) to 510.0 mgGAE/g of dry weight (East zone). All the samples were found to be rich in total polyphenols. In Curcuma longa samples, Total ash ranged from 3.10±0.20 (South zone) to 4.80±0.25 (North zone) whereas acid insoluble ash ranged from 0.55±0.04 (South zone) to 1.24±0.06 (North zone). Alcohol soluble extractive value was found to be highest in South zone sample 14.80±0.30 which was found to be more than 3 times higher than that of central zone 4.28±0.19 where lowest value was recorded. Water soluble extractive value was also found to be highest in West zone sample 12.55±0.69 and lowest in Central zone sample 8.90±0.37. Volatile oil ranged from 3.50±0.21 North zone sample to 5.50±0.20 South zone sample, where highest volatile oil was recovered. All the results were within the limits as given in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. In our study, curcumin content ranged from 0.30 % (Central zone) to 3.24 % (South zone). Average curcumin content was found to be 1.54 % on dry weight basis. Ampucare is prepared by selection of best quality herbs.

134-136

Authors: Harer Sunil L.*, Rajurkar Vikas G., Patil Pravin, Harer Priyanka S., Navale Sampat D., Awuti Sandip T., Sonawane Anand A.

Reaction of 2-iodo benzohydrazide (1) with appropriately substituted aromatic aldehyde in glacial acetic acid yielded corresponding 2-Iodo-N'-[(1E)-Substituted Phenylmethylidene] Benzohydrazides (2). Structures of all the compounds (2) were established on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data. These compounds were screened for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities at 200µg/0.1ml (T1) and 400µg/0.1ml (T2). Results obtained illustrates that the compounds F, C, D and G showed highly significant response while compound H showed less significant response for anti-microbial activity at both concentrations 200µg/0.1ml (T1) and 400µg/0.1ml (T2).

142-145

Authors: Anurag Payasi*, Manu Chaudhary, Brij Mohan Singh, Ankush Gupta, Rajesh Sehgal

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the sub-acute toxicity of paracetamol infusion in albino wistar rats (male and female) at different dose levels, ranging from 16 to 66 mg/kg body weight. No mortality was seen in any of the treatment groups during the course of study. Various physiological, hematological as well as biochemical parameters were studied and found not to be changed significantly, indicating that paracetamol infusion is non toxic even at higher dose level in wistar rats. Overall safety and tolerability profile of paracetamol infusion is proved good and does not appear to carry risk of serious adverse effects.

151-154

Authors: U. K. Singh1*, S. N. Pandeya2, A. Singh1, B. K. Srivastava3, M. Pandey4

Isatin and substituted Isatin were reacted with 4-amino-N-carbamimidoyl benzene sulfonamide to form a series of Schiff’s bases. The Mannich bases of these compounds were synthesized by reacting them with formaldehyde and secondary amine (piperidine). All the compounds were characterized by means of their IR, 1H NMR spectroscopic data and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by tube dilution method. The synthesized compounds showed better antibacterial activity than the reference drugs.

12-16

Authors: Vikas Gupta1*, Payal Mittal2, Parveen Bansal1, Sukhbir L Khokra3, Dhirender Kaushik3

Matricaria recutita, once it has been called as Marticaria chamomilla, Chamomilla recutita, and Chamomilum nobile family Asteraceae. The main constituents of this plant include the terpenoids α-bisabolol and its oxides and azulenes, including chamazulene. Matricaria recutita shows different pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti- cancer, treatment of stress and depression, anti-allergic etc. This review focuses on the detailed chemical constituents, pharmacological activities of different parts of this plant.

23-30

Authors: A Gupta1*, AK Mishra1, P Bansal1, S Kumar1, V Gupta1, R Singh2, GS Kalyan3

Erythrocytes are biocompatible, biodegradable, possess long circulation half lives, and can be loaded with a variety of biologically active compounds using various chemical and physical methods. Erythrocytes are potential biocompatible vectors for different bioactive substances, including drugs. These can be used successfully as biological carriers of drugs, enzymes and peptides. There are currently diverse methods that permit drug encapsulation in erythrocytes with an appropriate yield. Erythrocytes loaded with drugs and other substances allow for different release rates to be obtained. Encapsulation in erythrocytes significantly changes the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in both animals and humans, enhancing liver and spleen uptake and targeting the reticulo-endothelial system (RES). This review explains the different method of drug loading and their characterization parameters for resealed erythrocytes. This method of drug targeting is safe and effective for longer period of time and beneficial for the society.

35-39

Authors: M. Bharkatiya1*, R. K. Nema2, M. Bhatnagar3

The present investigation was taken up to prepare and evaluate drug free polymeric patches using different polymers and to study the effect of different plasticizers on physicochemical properties of the patches to explore their feasibility for transdermal application. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 400), Dibutylphthalate (DBP) and Propylene glycol (PG) were used as plasticizers at a concentration of 40 % w/w of dry polymer weight. Drug free polymeric patches were prepared by the casting method on mercury surface and evaluated for weight variation, thickness, flatness, tensile strength, folding endurance, surface pH, hardness, swellability, water vapour transmission rate and skin irritation studies. The mercury substrate method was found to give thin uniform patches. The weight and thickness of the patches was found to be uniform. Tensile strength and folding endurance of the patches prepared with DBP as plasticizer was high compared to patches plasticized with PG and PEG. All the formulations show 100 % flatness. HPMC K4M: PVP patches plasticized with PEG 400 showed higher swellability and water vapour transmission rates. The patches were found to be free of any skin irritation. Based on the above observations, it can be reasonably concluded that plasticizers have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the transdermal patches.

43-44

Authors: Khanam R. 1*, Sharma J.C.2, Khan S.2, Dashora R.2, Chauhan R.S.2 and Goswami A. K.2

The present paper describes complexometric determination of Zn (II) using three hydroxytriazenes as metallochromic indicators in three medicines- Zivinal-CD, Becozine, and Vi - Syneral-Z. The hydroxytriazenes used were 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1-p-carboxyphenyltriazene (HPpCPT), 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1-o-chlorophenyltriazene (HPoCPT), 3-hydroxy-3-p-tolyl-1-p-sulphonamidophenyltriazene (HpTpSPT), respectively. Determination of zinc (II) was done by back titration method.

48-50

Authors: S. Kumar1*, P. Bansal1, V. Gupta1, R. Sannd1, M. M. Rao1

Bronchial asthma is a disorder characterized by increased response of trachea and bronchioles to various stimuli resulting in wide spread narrowing of airways. It is an inflammatory disease of respiratory organs combined with inflammatory cell infiltration, epithelial damage and sub-epithelial fibrosis as its internal pathological picture. Its symptoms closely resemble with symptoms of Tamak Shwasa in Ayurveda. The present study was conducted on 81 patients at I.P.D. and O.P.D. level. Patients were given Albizia lebbeck stem bark decoction (Shireesh Twak Kwatha) in a dose of 50 ml thrice daily for 6 weeks, supported by light diet. The results were assessed in terms of clinical recovery, symptomatic relief and pulmonary function improvement. The effect of the treatment was assessed based on subjective and objective parameters. A significant increase in PEFR and considerable decrease in total leukocyte count, eosinophil count and E.S.R. were observed. From the study conducted, it was found that 56 % (28) cases has shown good response, 38 % (19) cases shown fair response, 6 % (03) cases shown poor response and 31 cases were dropouts. The results demonstrate that the formulation can be used as an effective drug in Bronchial asthma however detailed observational studies are required to demonstrate the effect of drug at molecular level.

55-57

Authors: N. L. Prasanthi*, S. S. Manikiran, N. Rama Rao

Fast Dissolving Tablet (FDT) of Raloxifene was prepared by direct-compression method by incorporating super disintegrants like crosscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate. The study was performed by incorporating the super disintegrants in 2 % and 4 % concentration for each and 2 % - 2 % in combination of both super disintegrants. Five formulations having super disintegrants at different concentration levels were prepared to assess their efficiency. Different types of evaluation parameters for tablets were performed. Tablets containing super disintegrants in combination showed excellent in vitro dispersion time and drug release as compared to other formulations.

63-66

Authors: Panjwani D.1*, Mishra B.2, Banji D.3

The antioxidant activities of fresh juice of Coriandrum sativum was evaluated by various methods in vivo. Scavenging effects on the hydroxyl and super oxide radicals, level of glutathione and protection against reactive oxygen species induced lipid were evaluated. The fresh juice exhibited high antioxidant activities, evidenced by its ability to scavenge hydroxyl- and superoxide-radicals, high reducing power, and protection against biological macromolecular oxidative damage and by increasing the level of glutathione. Presence of flavonoids confirms its antioxidant activity. In conclusion, these results demonstrate potential antioxidant activity of fresh juice of Coriandrum sativum.

71-77

Authors: Santosh P. Ghatola*, Saurabh Vermaa, Khushboo Agarwala, Ashoke Sharonb

Extracellular adenosine regulates a wide range of functions in higher organisms, in which the effects are mediated by a family of four class A (rhodopsin-like) GPCRs, a, adenosine receptors known as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A2A antagonists, either alone or in combination with dopamine agonists, can have a role in the treatment of neurodegenerative movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. The concept of a pharmacophore is widely used in modern drug design and it is generally defined as the 3D arrangement of certain features in the ligand that are responsible for its activity against a particular protein target. Docking involves, the process of fitting the ligand into receptor, and the compounds which fit in them properly are assumed to be active for that receptor and it gives corresponding docking scores.