International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research

10-14

Authors: N. Singh*, P. Verma, B. R. Pandey

Shoot of Triticum aestivum Linn. (Hindi Name- gehun, kanak, Sanskrit name- godhuma) is called as a wheat grass, belonging to family: Gramineae, which posses high chlorophyll content and essential vitamins, minerals, vital enzymes, amino acids, dietary fibers. Wheat grass has been shown to posses anti-cancer activity, anti-ulcer activity, antioxidant activity, anti-arthritic activity, and blood building activity in Thalassemia Major. It has been argued that wheat grass helps blood flow, digestion and general detoxification of the body. The major clinical utility of wheat grass in diseased conditions might be due to the presence of biologically active compounds and minerals in it and due to its antioxidant potential which is derived from its high content of bioflavonoids such as apigenin, quercitin, luteoline. Furthermore, indole compounds namely choline and laetrile present in it might be also responsible for its therapeutic potential. The presence of 70% chlorophyll, which is almost chemically identical to hemoglobin, in wheat grass makes it more useful in various clinical conditions involving hemoglobin deficiency and other chronic disorders. The present review article focuses onto various studies conducted on the use of wheatgrass in various disease conditions. Since very little clinical studies have been made on this very promising herbal drug, efforts are needed to conduct extensive studies on the wheat grass both in experimental models and human subjects to develop wheat grass therapy with no side effects in prevention, cure and management of chronic diseases for which our modern systems have lost their hopes.

19-24

Authors: Vinayak D. More, Prafulla B. Choudhari*, Rakesh P. Dhavale, Swapnil D. Jadhav, Manish S. Bhatia

The present communication deals with 3D QDAR analysis on series of Alpha keto amide derivatives some for the designing of new GP120-CD4 inhibitors with anti HIV activity. The four different QSAR models are generated using data set of 32 molecules as gp120-CD4 inhibitors from literature studies. The 3D QSAR result gives insights for understanding of the relationship between structural features of substituted alpha keto amide derivatives and their activities which should be useful to design newer potential anti-HIV agents.

31-34

Authors: S. Gopalakrishnan*, R. Rajameena, E. Vadivel

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of petroleum ether (40-60oC), benzene, chloroform, ethanol and water extracts of the leaves of Myxopyrum serratulum A. W. Hill. (Oleaceae) were tested for their antimicrobial activity in Agar diffusion assay. Significant antimicrobial activities were found against three gram positive bacteria, Streptococcus faecalis, Baccillus subtilis and Baccillus cereus, four gram negative bacteria; Klebsiella aerogens, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteas vulgaris and two fungi, Candida albicans, Asparagillus flavans strains by using zone of inhibition assay. The activities were confirmed by Activity Index (AI). Activity Index values were found to be higher for ethanolic extract followed by the water extract. Among all the extracts tested; the ethanolic extract showed a good antimicrobial potential against microorganisms used in the study. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for the ethanolic extract was also determined. The results support the ethnomedicinal use of Myxopyrum serratulum for the treatment of wounds and cuts.

44-48

Authors: Debashisha Panda1*, Santosh Kumar Dash1, Gouri Kumar Dash2

A large number of medicinal plants have been used for years in daily life to combat diseases, world over. Presently herbs, embodied with due importance in healthcare system, create a herbal renaissance, spread with a greater speed throughout the world. The herbal products today symbolize safety in contrast to the synthetic drugs that are regarded as unsafe to human environment. Population rise, inadequate supply of drugs, prohibitive cost of treatments, side effects of several allopathic drugs and development of resistance to currently used drugs for infectious diseases, have led to increase emphasis on the use of plant materials as source of medicines for a wide variety of human ailments. It is therefore, essential to search for the efficacious plants of medicinal value for better manifestations. In the present study, the fresh roots of young matured plants of Tragia involucrata Linn. were selected for phytochemical and antimicrobial screening to justify the folklore uses of the plant parts in various microbial infections.

56-62

Authors: Sahaya Sathish S1, Janakiraman N1, Johnson M2*

The present study was carried out to characterize the bioactive constituents present in different leaf extracts of Vitex altissima L. using UV-VIS, FTIR and GC-MS. The crude extracts were scanned in the wavelength ranging from 200-1100 nm by using Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer and the characteristic peaks were detected. For GC-MS analysis, 10 g sample is extracted with 30 ml ethanol, filtered in ash less filter paper with 2 g sodium sulphate and the extract is concentrated to 1 ml by bubbling nitrogen into the solution. The compound detection employed the NIST Ver. 2.0 - Year 2005 library. The biological activities are based on Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases by Dr. Jim Duke of the Agricultural Research Service/USDA. The UV-VIS profile showed different peaks ranging from 400-700 nm with different absorption respectively. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkynes, alkyl halides, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, aromatics, nitro compounds and amines in different extracts. The results of the GC-MS analysis provide different peaks determining the presence of 21 phytochemical compounds with different therapeutic activities. The major phytoconstituents were n-Hexadecanoic acid (23.74%), 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid [Z, Z] (23.41%) and Squalene (14.74%). Hence, this study offers a base of using V. altissima as herbal alternative for the synthesis of antimicrobial agents.

70-73

Authors: A Anil Kumar1*, P Srinivas1, K Spandana2, N. Rama3, J Vidya Sagar1

Sirolimus and Ketoconazole are used in organ transplantation regimen and potential metabolic interactions of these drugs were reported when administered concomitantly. An analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photo diode array (PDA) detection was developed for quantification of sirolimus using ketoconazole as internal standard. Extraction was performed using dichloromethane under nitrogen atmosphere and the separation of sirolimus and ketoconazole was accomplished by reverse phase chromatography. The mobile phase consists of a combination of methanol, water and glacial acetic acid at 90:10:0.1% ratios run isocratically through a C18 (250mm × 4.6mm, 5µm) reverse phase analytical column. The PDA detection was done at 278nm with analytical run time less than 6 min. The average mean recovery was found to be 98.3% for 1, 3, 5, 10µg/ml concentrations. The assay exhibited good linear relationship. LLOQ was 10ng/ml with 0.84% and 1.28% of accuracy and precision over the concentration range of 0.1-10µg/ml. The method can be successfully applied for estimation of sirolimus from in-vitro elution studies of sirolimus eluting stents, simultaneous estimation of ketoconazole and sirolimus in therapeutic drug monitoring and other pharmacokinetic studies.

77-79

Authors: Manoj Kumar Mahto1, 4*, Jaya Tripathi2, Divya R3, M. Bhaskar4

Epilepsy is one of the major neurological disorders occurring due to the abnormal functioning of the various receptors and enzymes in the central nervous system. Many potentials drugs were developed in recent times which act on ion channels like sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), chloride (Cl-), and receptors like GABA receptor and enzymes like GABA transaminase. Some drugs act as enzyme, ion channel inhibitors or blockers, and some drugs as receptor agonist like barbiturates, benzodiazepines acting on GABA receptors. In the present study performed computational techniques in order to develop better inhibitors for the enzyme GABA transaminase by modifying the terminal ‘methyl’ group of the Valproic acid structure with electrophilic, nucleophile and neutral pharmacophoric features. Molecular mechanics studies has been carried out for the analogs and protein – ligand interactions of these analogs was identified through docking studies using GOLD 4.1 software against the enzyme 4-aminobutyrate-aminotransferase(GABA transaminase). From the docking studies we found that replacement of methyl with amine, hydrogen and hydroxyl groups (hydrophilic groups), are showing better fitness than that of the valproic acid.

84-87

Authors: J. B. S. Kachhawa1*, R. S. Gupta2, K. K. Sharma1

In our previous study methanol crude extract of Dendrophthoe falcata Ettingsh (family-Loranthaceae), stem showed contraceptive like activities in male albino rats. In the present study proven fertile male rats were treated with different isolated fractions (Chloroform: Methanol) of D. falcata stem at 50 mg/rat/day for 60 days. On day 61th the animals were autopsied, testes and accessory sex organs i.e. epididymides, seminal vesicle, ventral prostate were dissected out and weighed. Sperm dynamics and serum testosterone level were assessed; also testicular histological studies were done. The sperm motility and density were significantly reduced in all the treatment groups. Testosterone levels were declined significantly. Evaluations of testicular cell dynamics and histological studies suggest disrupt or inhibited spermatogenesis.