International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research

91-98

Authors: Gagandeep Chaudhary1*, Sandeep Goyal1, Priyanka Poonia2

Lawsonia inermis L. is a much branched glabrous shrub or small tree, cultivated for its leaves although stem bark, roots, flowers and seeds have also been used in traditional medicine. The plant is reported to contain carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, xanthones and fatty acids. The plant has been reported to have analgesic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitrypanosomal, antidermatophytic, antioxidant, antifertility, tuberculostatic and anticancer properties. It is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. This review gives a bird’s eye view mainly on the pharmacognostic characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of the plant.

107-111

Authors: N. G. Raghavendra Rao1*, Upendra Kulkarni2, Anand Deshmukh3, D. K. Suresh1

Aceclofenac, (2-[2-[2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl) aminophenyl] acety] oxyacetic acid) a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been indicated for various conditions like post-traumatic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis. Multiple-unit systems have been reported to avoid the variations in gastric emptying and different transit rates through gastro-intestinal and spread over a large area preventing exposure of the absorbing site to high drug concentration on chronic dosing. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop aceclofenac loaded chitosan microparticles by ionotropic gelation method. Drug loading efficiency (DLE) of microparticles was found between 62.20 to 92.93 % and depended on the formulation variables. Increase in the Tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentration, pH of the TPP solution and cross-linking time decreased the drug release. The particle size decreased with increase in cross-linking time and found between the ranges of 1194.1 to 1568.9 µm. Drug release showed slight burst effect in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 in first hour followed by prolonged release for 8 hrs. FTIR and DSC revealed that there was no interaction between drug and polymer. The release data was fitted into first order, zero order and Higuchi model to find release kinetics. The values of regression coefficient r2 were found to be greater (£ 0.9541) for first order than for zero order (£ 0.8740) and the r2 value for Higuchi was £ 0.9805 suggesting diffusion controlled process. The result concluded that TPP-chitosan microparticles developed by ionotropic gelation method might become potential delivery system to prolonging the release of aceclofenac.

115-119

Authors: P. Shanmugapandiyan a, K.S. Denshingb, R. Ilavarasanc, N. Anbalagand*, R. Nirmala

A new series of 2-[4-(azetidin-2-one)-3-Chloro-4-phenyl]-1H-Phenylbenzimidazoles and 2-(thiazolidin-4-one)-Phenyl]-1H-Phenylbenzimidazoles were synthesized by the reaction of schiff base [2-(4-aminophenyl)-Benzimidazole and substituted Benzaldehyde] with chloroacetyl chloride and mercaptoacetic acid respectively. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectral and C, H, N analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Klebssiela pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella epidermidis), antifungal (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans), analgesic activity by writhing reflex method and anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw edema method. The synthesized compound showed significant activity of antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of standard.

123-126

Authors: Naveen Pathak, Vijay Naithani*, Jasvinder Singh, Parveen Bhole, Manu Chaudhary

The present study was designed to assess the variation in curcumin content of Curcuma longa rhizome and total polyphenols in Azadirachta indica bark samples procured from different zones of India. Physico-chemical tests such as total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive, volatile oil content etc. were also determined. A slight variation was seen in the bark samples of Azadirachta indica. Total ash ranged from 4.25±0.15 (East zone) to 5.57±0.20 (Central zone) whereas acid insoluble ash ranged from 0.80±0.07 (East zone) to 1.52±0.06 (Central zone). Alcohol soluble extractive value of East zone sample was found to be more than 4 times higher 16.95±0.80 than that of central zone 3.85±0.12, where lowest value was recorded. Water soluble extractive value was also found to be highest in East zone sample 17.80±1.10 which was 2 times more than that of Central zone sample 8.45±0.15. This variation may be due to variation in climatic conditions, soil type, pollution stress etc. All the results were within the limits as given in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Total Polyphenols ranged from 190.0 mgGAE/g of dry weight (Central zone) to 510.0 mgGAE/g of dry weight (East zone). All the samples were found to be rich in total polyphenols. In Curcuma longa samples, Total ash ranged from 3.10±0.20 (South zone) to 4.80±0.25 (North zone) whereas acid insoluble ash ranged from 0.55±0.04 (South zone) to 1.24±0.06 (North zone). Alcohol soluble extractive value was found to be highest in South zone sample 14.80±0.30 which was found to be more than 3 times higher than that of central zone 4.28±0.19 where lowest value was recorded. Water soluble extractive value was also found to be highest in West zone sample 12.55±0.69 and lowest in Central zone sample 8.90±0.37. Volatile oil ranged from 3.50±0.21 North zone sample to 5.50±0.20 South zone sample, where highest volatile oil was recovered. All the results were within the limits as given in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. In our study, curcumin content ranged from 0.30 % (Central zone) to 3.24 % (South zone). Average curcumin content was found to be 1.54 % on dry weight basis. Ampucare is prepared by selection of best quality herbs.

134-136

Authors: Harer Sunil L.*, Rajurkar Vikas G., Patil Pravin, Harer Priyanka S., Navale Sampat D., Awuti Sandip T., Sonawane Anand A.

Reaction of 2-iodo benzohydrazide (1) with appropriately substituted aromatic aldehyde in glacial acetic acid yielded corresponding 2-Iodo-N'-[(1E)-Substituted Phenylmethylidene] Benzohydrazides (2). Structures of all the compounds (2) were established on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data. These compounds were screened for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities at 200µg/0.1ml (T1) and 400µg/0.1ml (T2). Results obtained illustrates that the compounds F, C, D and G showed highly significant response while compound H showed less significant response for anti-microbial activity at both concentrations 200µg/0.1ml (T1) and 400µg/0.1ml (T2).

142-145

Authors: Anurag Payasi*, Manu Chaudhary, Brij Mohan Singh, Ankush Gupta, Rajesh Sehgal

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the sub-acute toxicity of paracetamol infusion in albino wistar rats (male and female) at different dose levels, ranging from 16 to 66 mg/kg body weight. No mortality was seen in any of the treatment groups during the course of study. Various physiological, hematological as well as biochemical parameters were studied and found not to be changed significantly, indicating that paracetamol infusion is non toxic even at higher dose level in wistar rats. Overall safety and tolerability profile of paracetamol infusion is proved good and does not appear to carry risk of serious adverse effects.

151-154

Authors: U. K. Singh1*, S. N. Pandeya2, A. Singh1, B. K. Srivastava3, M. Pandey4

Isatin and substituted Isatin were reacted with 4-amino-N-carbamimidoyl benzene sulfonamide to form a series of Schiff’s bases. The Mannich bases of these compounds were synthesized by reacting them with formaldehyde and secondary amine (piperidine). All the compounds were characterized by means of their IR, 1H NMR spectroscopic data and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by tube dilution method. The synthesized compounds showed better antibacterial activity than the reference drugs.