International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research

01-11

Authors: Prakash S. Sukhramani, Maulik P. Suthar*

Despite significant advances in systemic therapies, radiation oncology, and surgical techniques, many patients with cancer are still incurable. A novel therapeutic approach has been to target the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) which are often mutated and/or over-expressed in many tumors. The ligands and receptors of VEGF family are well established as key regulators of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis processes. VEGF is a homodimeric, basic, 45 kDa glycoprotein specific for vascular endothelial cells. Specifically, VEGF participates in regulation of the female reproductive cycle, wound healing, inflammation, vascular permeability, vascular tone, hematopoiesis and also contributes to pathological angiogenesis disorders such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy and the neovascular form of macular degeneration. Thus, the role of VEGF has been extensively studied in the pathogenesis and angiogenesis of human cancers. Clinical trials have anti-VEGF therapies are effective in reducing tumor size, metastasis and blood vessel formation. Clinically, this may result in increased progression free survival, overall patient survival rate and will expand the potential for combinatorial therapies. The aim of present review is on the cellular responses of VEGF inhibitors and their implications for cancer therapy.

17-22

Authors: BM Goyal1*, P Bansal1, V Gupta1, S Kumar1, R Singh2, M Maithani2

Ayurveda, the science of life, deals with the holistic view of healthy living. It covers various physiology and pathology of diseases and their therapies. From time immemorial mankind's efforts and ultimate aim have been to seek eternal happiness. And his endeavour has been to overcome and seek appropriate remedies for things that stand in his way. Physical and mental well being is of prime importance towards this end Medical Science while relieving his malady assures him of a healthy life man or living being for that matter is afflicted by grief or disease even since inception. Phytochemical, Pharmacological, experimental and Clinical investigations on various medicinal plants have been conducted by many scientist, researchers etc. It may be seen that the ancient Ayurvedic physicians clearly understood the process of digestion and metabolism. Boerhaavia diffusa (Punarnava) is one of the most famous medicinal plants in the treatment of a large number of human ailments is mentioned in Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita, and Sushrita Samhita. This paper explains the evidence-based information regarding the pharmacological activity of this plant. It has many ethnobotanical uses (the leaves are used as vegetable; the root juice is used to cure asthma, urinary disorders, leukorrhea, rheumatism, and encephalitis), and is medicinally used in the traditional Ayurvedic system.

31-34

Authors: Dipankar Ghosh*, Panchanan Pramanik

A significant effort is underway to develop low molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles as potential alternates for conventional high molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles as delivery systems. Among the various options, low molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles are attractive future delivery systems for nucleic acids, proteins and drugs due to their smaller particle size, higher solubility, higher permeability, higher association efficiency, better biodegradability, higher release efficiency, non haemolytic nature and lower cytotoxicity at normal physiological condition. In this current scenario, recent progresses on preparation techniques of Low Molecular Weight Biodegradable Polymer based nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications are focused in this review. However, there are significant remaining issues to practical applications, such as specific interactions of these low molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles with human organs, tissue cells, resistant microbial cells, biomolecules, and metabolic fate. Hence, further deep research for overcoming these practical barriers may be pioneered a new avenue in the near future.

40-42

Authors: Devmurari VP*, Ghodasara TJ, Jivani NP

Ethanolic extract of Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq was subjected to various phytochemical tests. Preparative Thin layer Chromatography study of the extract was performed and active constituents were isolated. Spectral analysis of the isolated constituent indicates that Triumfetta rhomboidea (Tiliaceae) contains carbohydrate glycosides, phytosterol, steroids, flavonoids, tannin & phenolic compounds and triterpenoids. Antibacterial activity of ether and alcoholic extract of the plant was performed. Results exhibited that Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq contain good antibacterial action.

45-47

Authors: Sunil Jawla1*, Sandeep Jain2

Diclofenac sodium and Mefenamic acid have been quantified in tablet dosage form by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). These methods are based on formation of the metal complexes of Diclofenac sodium and Mefenamic acid with cupric chloride and cobaltous chloride. The first method is based on reaction of both the drugs with cupric chloride to give light blue colored metal complexes, which are then extracted with dichloromethane and digested with 0.1 M nitric acid. Both the drugs are indirectly estimated via determination of copper content in the formed complexes by AAS. The second method is based on the formation of pink colored complexes of both the drugs with cobaltous chloride. These metal complexes are extracted with dichloromethane and estimated via determination of cobalt content in the formed complexes after digestion with 0.1 M nitric acid by AAS.

51-54

Authors: Jani Rupal1*, Jani Kaushal2, Setty C. Mallikarjuna.3, Patel Dipti1

Topical gels of Valdecoxib topical gel prepared using different gelling agents (Viz, carbopol, HPMC, sodium alginate, sodium CMC). Formulations were evaluated for pH, rheological behavior, drug content and in vitro drug diffusion. Selected formulations of all the gelling agents appeared to be non-Newtonian and pseudo plastic behavior. Drug content was high (>98 %) in gels. Drug release from the carbopol gels increased with the increase in the concentration of PG up to 10 %. However, drug release decreased as the concentration of the PG increased to 20 %. The drug release increased with the increase in concentration of ethanol. In case of gels containing HPMC, sodium alginate, sodium CMC as gelling agents, addition of PG up to 5 %, increased the release of drug from the gels. However, release decreased with increase in the concentration of PG up to 10 %. In case of HPMC gels, addition of ethanol decreased the release of Valdecoxib from the gels. It is concluded that PG is a good penetration enhancer and carbopol good gelling agent for Valdecoxib gels.

58-62

Authors: hah V. K.1, Zalavadiya V. I.2, Sheth N.R.3, Raval M. K. 3*, Dudhrejiya A.V. 3, Golwala D.K.4

Rasayana tablet is a polyherbal preparation recommended as a tonic. It contains Amla, Gokhru and Galo in equal proportion. This preparation is generally marketed in the form of churna and tablet with several problems in weight hardness, disintegration time and friability. The present work is based on the Standardization of individual ingredients and formulation of Rasayana tablets with improved formulation parameters in order to compare it with the marketed formulation. Pharmacognostical parameters were also checked for individual crude drugs and marketed tablets like ash value, extractive value, loss on drying and powder microscopy. The preformulation parameters like bulk density, tap density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose were also checked for laboratory granules. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using sucrose (55 % solution) and starch (20 % solution) as binder. The designed formulations were evaluated for thickness, diameter, hardness, friability and disintegration time. The designed formulation was in conformity to the properties evaluated for the tablets and is discussed in detail.

67-70

Authors: Prasad R. K.*, Sharma R.

Three simple, sensitive and accurate UV spectrophotometric methods, I; first order derivative spectrophotometric, II; area under curve and III; multi-component method, has been developed for the estimation of drotaverine hydrochloride and nimesulide in tablets dosage form. Beers’ law was obeyed in the concentration range 5-35 µgml-1 and 10-50 µgml-1 for drotaverine (λmax = 230.5 nm) and nimesulide (λmax = 331.5 nm) respectively in methanol. All the three methods allowed rapid analysis of binary pharmaceutical formulation with accuracy. Results of analysis for three methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines.

78-79

Authors: Naithani V*, Pathak N, Chaudhary M

Herbal preparations are getting popular day by day as they are considered to be safe. Septiloc is also a herbal preparation which is useful in a wide range of wounds such as diabetic wounds, bed sores, ulcers, burns, post-surgical wounds etc. It was subjected to analysis by AAS-VGA for toxic heavy metals like arsenic and mercury. Levels of arsenic and mercury were estimated in ten different batches of Septiloc and evaluated with respect to permissible limit (PL) and provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI). In most of the samples, As and Hg were either below the detection limit or below the PL and PMTDI. These results prove that Septiloc is a safe polyherbal preparation and is free from toxic effects of As and Hg.