International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research

178-182

Authors: D. Nagasamy Venkatesh1*, V. Swetha Priyanka1, K. Tulasi1, K. Kalyani1, Sheik Abid Ali1, Harikrishna Jilakara2

Proniosomes are solid colloidal particles which may be hydrated immediately before use to yield aqueous niosomes dispersions similar to those produced by more cumbersome conventional methods. The proniosomes minimize the problems associated with niosomes in terms of its physical stability such as aggregation, fusion and leaking. They also offer an additional convenience in transportation, distribution, storage, and dosing. The proniosomes derived niosomes are better than conventional niosomes in terms of their morphology, particle size, particle size distribution, and drug release. A slurry method was commonly used to produce proniosomes using maltodextrin as carrier. The time required to produce proniosomes by this simple method is independent of the ratio of surfactant solution to carrier material and appears to be a scalable process. The encapsulation efficiency of proniosomes is depends upon the amount of maltodextrin used in the process. The present review describes the method of preparation, characterization, applications of proniosomes as a potential drug delivery system.

189-192

Authors: Ravish Garg1*, Priti Girotra2, Shailendra Kumar Singh2, Dinesh Kumar3, S. K. Chakarvarti4

The track etch membranes has attracted the attention of researchers, as a kind of novel material, for their various applications such as precise separation of biological cells, detection of biomolecules and controlled drug release, especially for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In the present study, the efficacy of track etch membrane over goat skin for the Ex-vivo permeation of silver sulfadiazine gel has been investigated with the objective to evaluate track etch membrane as a surrogate for biological membrane owing to ethical issues and scarce availability of biological skins. The percent cumulative drug release from silver sulfadiazine gel using track etch membrane and goat skin were obtained as 18.18 % and 20.99 % respectively. The results obtained from track etch membrane and goat skin was similar with only a slight difference in percent drug diffusion which might be because of the lipids present in animal skin. Track etch membrane has the potential to mimic the animal skin for such ex-vivo drug diffusion studies with certain additional advantages such as sufficient mechanical strength and ruggedness. It can be efficiently reused and also surpasses the ethical issues involved with the use of biological membrane.

197-199

Authors: Pankaj Kumar*, Jennifer Fernandes, Abhishek Kumar

In order to develop relatively small molecules as pharmacologically active molecules, a series of novel oxazolidinones having benzothiazinen and their derivatives were synthesized, and characterized by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral studies. Various substituted oxazolidinones benzothiazinen were prepared by simple reflux in the presence of acetonitrile. Treatment of these oxazolidinones benzothiazinen deravatives with methanesulfonyl gives its sulphonates derivatives on further treatment with sodium azide and tri phenyl phosphine in acetic anhydride to give its acetamide derivatives. Further the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal activity against, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

204-210

Authors: AL Castillo1*, JDA Ramos2, JL De Francia3, PF Quilala4, MU Dujunco5

Scabies is a contagious, parasitic skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mite, which has the ability to regulate the host’s inflammatory and immune responses. It is a serious community health problem in many less-developed countries. A randomized, controlled, parallel, pilot clinical study was performed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of the formulated Tinospora lotion in clinically diagnosed scabies-infected patients through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 using blood serum samples. The pediatric patients were treated with Tinospora and Permethrin lotions for three consecutive days for two weeks. Blood extraction was performed before and after the second and fourth week of treatment period. Tinospora lotion significantly reduced the Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels from Day 14 to Day 28 (p=0.0002) comparable to Permethrin lotion (p<0.050). Permethrin efficiently decreased Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels than Tinospora at Day 14 (p=0.0155). Down regulation of Interleukin 1, 6, and 8 levels in scabies infestation inhibits hyperkeratosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells into scabietic lesion. The modulation effect of the Tinospora lotion on interleukin levels reinforces its anti-scabies activity.

216-219

Authors: Nilutpal Sharma Bora*, Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti, Partha Sarathi Bairy, Barnali Gogoi

The stem bark of Garcinia lanceifolia, a lesser known species of the genus Garcinia, was extracted with methanol after pretreatment with petroleum ether. The resultant extract was evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential using various models. The assays were carried out on adult male Wistar Albino rats. The analgesic activity was assayed by hot plate method and tail flick assay using Morphine sulphate as standard drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight and the results were expressed as mean increase in latency after drug administration ± SEM. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by Carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model using Diclofenac sodium as standard drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The results were expressed in terms of mean increase in paw volume ± SEM. The extract of the stem bark was given in doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight. All the doses were administered per orally. Results reveal that Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. posseses remarkable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

224-228

Authors: Karunakar Hegde*, T. K. Deepak, K. K. Kabitha

The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Santalum album in experimentally induced liver injury by carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol. The levels of serum marker enzymes, bilirubin, total protein and antioxidant status were determined by measuring lipid peroxidation, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Total wet weight and histopathological study of isolated liver was also carried out. The oral pre-treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of S. album (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the activities of serum marker enzymes, bilirubin and lipid peroxidation, and significant increase in the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and protein in a dose dependent manner, which was confirmed by the decrease in the total weight of the liver and histopathological examinations. Data also revealed that the extract possessed strong antioxidant activity, which might leads to the promising hepatoprotective activity.

235-238

Authors: Abdullah Al Mamun, Tapas Kumar Shaha, Md. Murad Khan, Md. Shahidul Kabir*

The production of substandard drugs and use of inappropriate methods in manufacturing medical products in pharmaceutical industries may cause non-therapeutic effect in patients particularly in children. Hence this study was conducted to determine the microbiological quality of multivitamin and cough syrups of different brands sold in local pharmacy in Dhaka city. Microbiological analysis was carried out using spread plate technique on different culture media including nutrient agar, mannitol salt agar, MacConkey agar, mFC agar, TCBS agar and SS agar for the determination of total viable bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, total coliforms, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. respectively from eleven multivitamin and twelve cough syrups. The results revealed that 50% of the cough syrup and 91% of the multivitamin syrup showed compliance with the official requirement of microbiological quality as they did not show any growth or their microbiological count is within the USP permissible limit (<102 cfu/ml). While the major contaminants in cough syrup were Staphylococcus aureus (75%), Escherichia coli (17%) and total coliforms (42%), multivitamin syrup (9%) contained only Staphylococcus aureus. Other pathogens like Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. could not be detected in both cough and multivitamin syrups. Although most of the multivitamin syrup (91%) samples are free from potential microbial threat, some of the cough syrup (75%) samples are contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Hence potential safety measurement should be taken during the production and use of cough syrups to maintain the microbiological quality.

243-245

Authors: Łukasz Czubak*, Alina Krygier, Bożena Tejchman-Małecka

Cleaning validation is an integral operation of good manufacturing practice in pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study was to validate simple analytical method for detection of 2-propanol residue in equipment, which is likely contaminated with 2-propanol, usually used in the production area. The gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method was validated on a GC system using DB-FFAP capillary column at the flow rate of 4.9 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear over concentration range from 2.8µg/mL to 110.7µg/mL with a correlation coefficient equal to 0.99981. The detection limit (LOD) and quantitation limit (LOQ) were 1.1µg/mL and 2.8µg/mL, respectively. The simplicity of gas chromatography method makes it useful for routine analysis of 2-propanol residue and is an alternative to corresponding methods.

250-252

Authors: Sanagapati Manasa1*, Dhanalakshmi K1, Nagarjuna Reddy G1, Sreenivasa S2

In the present study, two analytical methods were developed for the estimation of Dapagliflozin in API. Method A: RP-HPLC method, Method B: UV spectroscopic method. In method A, the drug showed linearity in the range of 25-150µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.999, where as in method B, the linearity range was found to be 1-5µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of (r2) 0.999. Both the methods were validated for different validation parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, robustness and ruggedness and the results were found to be within the acceptance limits as per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH).