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Prevalence and Determinants of Chronic periodontitis in HIV positive patients in Nigeria
Authors: Kehinde Adesola Umeizudike, Patricia Omowunmi Ayanbadejo, Kofoworola Olaide Savage, Alani Sulaimon Akanmu, Solomon Olusegun Nwhator, Christian Ibezi Emeka
Number of views: 306
Objective: To determine the prevalence and determinants of chronic periodontitis in HIV positive
patients.
Methods: A total of 120 HIV positive patients attending the dedicated HIV outpatient clinic of the
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria were recruited for the study. Their periodontal status
was assessed using the community periodontal index of treatment needs. Their CD4+ cell count
was determined using the flow-cytometer method. The risk factors for periodontitis including age,
gender, education, smoking, CD4+ cell counts, bleeding on probing (BOP) were determined.
Results: Prevalence of periodontitis was high (63.3%) in the HIV positive patients. In a bivariate
analysis, significant associations were observed between severity of periodontitis and age ≥35
years (P=0.021), male gender (P=0.005), smoking (P=0.040) and ≥3 community periodontal index
of treatment needs sextants exhibiting BOP (P=0.004). In a binary logistic regression, independent
predictors of periodontitis were ≥3 sextants exhibiting BOP (odds ratio 1.738, 95% CI 1.339 to 2.256,
P=0.000) and age ≥35 years (odds ratio 1.057, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.111, P=0.030). The CD4+ cell counts
were not associated with periodontitis in the HIV positive patients (P=0.988).
Conclusions: A high prevalence of periodontitis was found among the HIV positive Nigerian
patients in this study. Older age ≥35 years and BOP were the determinants of periodontitis.
There is therefore a need for close periodontal monitoring of HIV positive Nigerian patients with
emphasis on preventive, professional oral prophylaxis.