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Evaluation of phytochemical properties and larvicidal activities of Cynodon dactylon, Clerodendrum viscosum, Spilanthes acmella and Terminalia chebula against Aedes aegypti
Authors: Ananta Swargiary, Manita Daimari, Mritunjoy Roy, Dipanjali Haloi, Bijit Ramchiary
Number of views: 197
Objective: To investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and larvicidal property of Cynodon
dactylon, Clerodendrum viscosum, Spilanthes acmella and Terminalia chebula against Aedes
aegypti.
Methods: Antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract of the plants was studied by 2,2-
Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay,
2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) assay (ABTS), thiobarbituric acid reactive
substance (TBARS) assay, superoxide anion scavenging activity and total antioxidant
activity assay following standard protocol. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content,
carbohydrate, and plant protein were also estimated following standard protocols. Larvicidal
property of plant extracts were determined following World Health Organization standard
protocol. Additionally, glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE)
inhibitory property was also tested biochemically.
Results: Phytochemically, high protein, carbohydrate and phenolic were found in Terminalia
chebula, while Cynodon dactylon showed high flavonoid contents. Similarly, high antioxidant
activity was found in Terminalia chebula with IC50 values at 13.7, 2.9, 45.2 and 46.0 μg/mL
in DPPH, ABTS, TBARS and superoxide anion scavenging activity, respectively. Larvicidal
study showed strongest activity in Spilanthes acmella followed by Cynodon dactylon, and
Clerodendrum viscosum and Terminalia chebula. GST and AchE of Aedes aegypti larvae showed
reduced enzyme activity when pre-incubated with Cynadon dactylon and Spilanthes acmella.
Conclusions: The methanolic crude extracts of Cynodon dactylon, Clerodendrum viscosum,
Spilanthes acmella and Terminalia chebula possess strong antioxidant and larvicidal property
against Aedes aegypti and therefore, may be further investigated for the molecular mode of
action.