Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine

426-432

Authors: Dolly Jaiswal, Prashant Kumar Rai, Shikha Mehta, Sanjukta Chatterji, Surekha Shukla, Devendra Kumar Rai, Gaurav Sharma, Bechan Sharma, Shahidul khair, Geeta Watal

Objective To evaluate the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract ofMoringa oleifera (M. oleifera) young leaves by in vivo as well as in vitro assays. Methods In vitro study included estimation of total phenolic, total flavonol, total flavonoid and total antioxidant power (FRAP assay). In addition, in vivo study was done with the identified most effective dose of 200 mg/kg of its lyophilized powder on normal and diabetic rats. Its effect on different oxidative free radical scavenging enzymes,viz, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), lipid peroxide (LPO) contents were measured. Results Significant increase in activities of SOD, CAT, GST while, a decrease in LPO content was observed. Whereas, total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents in the extract were found to be 120 mg/g of GAE, 40.5 mg/g of QE and 12.12 mg/g of QE, respectively. On the other hand, FRAP assay results ofM. oleifera leaves was (85.00±5.00)μM/g of extract powder. Conclusions The significant antioxidant activities ofM. oleifera leaves from both in vivo as well as in vitro studies suggests that the regular intake of its leaves through diet can protect normal as well as diabetic patients against oxidative damage.

438-442

Authors: Arief Nurrochmad, Supardjan Amir Margono, Sardjiman, Arief Rahman Hakim, Ernawati, Erna Kurniawati, Erva Fatmawati

Objective To investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of pentagamavunon-0(PGV-0) against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats. Methods The groups of animals were administered with PGV-0 at the doses 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kgb.w., p.o. once in a day for 6 days and at day 7 the animals were administrated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl) (20%, 2 mL/kgb.w. in liquid paraffin (i.p.). The effect of PGV-0 on serum transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphates (ALP) and total bilirubin were determined in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Further, the effects of PGV-0 on glutathione (GSH) content, catalase (CAT) and NO free radical scavenging activity also were investigated. Results The results demonstrated that PGV-0 significantly reduced the activity of SGPT, serum ALP and total bilirubin in CCl4induced rat hepatotoxicity. PGV-0 has effect on the antioxidant and free radical defense system. It prevented the depletion level of GSH and decrease activity of CAT in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. PGV-0 also demonstrated the free radical scavenger effects on NO free radical scavenging activity with ES value of 32.32μM. Conculsion All of our findings suggests that PGV-0 could protect the liver cells from CCl4-induced liver damages and the mechanism may through the antioxidative effect of PGV-0 to prevent the accumulation of free radicals and protect the liver damage.

449-452

Authors: Emre Oz, Samed Koc, Olcay Dinc Dusen, Ramazan Mammadov, Huseyin Cetin

Objective To evaluate the larvicidal activity of the tuber extracts isolated from two species of Cyclamen Cyclamen mirabile Hildebr. and Cyclamen alpinum Dammann ex. Sprenger) against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Methods Twenty young (first-second) or older (third-fourth) instars of the Culex pipiens were exposed to various concentrations (100 to 1000 ppm) of the extracts. Mortality was recorded after 12–, 24–, 48–, 72– and 96-h of exposure. Results We determined that the young larval stages were more susceptible to the extracts in comparison with the older larval stages. A comparison of LC 50 and LC 90 values has shown that Cyclamen mirabile was more active than Cyclamen alpinum. Conclusions This study is the first to report on the larvicidal activity of the extracts of Cyclamen species against Culex pipiens. More studies are needed to isolate and identify the active components involved, their mode of action, and effects on other mosquito and pest species.

457-461

Authors: Windell L. Rivera, Vanissa A. Ong

Objective To develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Entamoeba histolytica E. histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis. Methods The LAMP primer set was designed from E. histolytica hemolysin gene HLY6. Genomic DNA of E. histolytica trophozoites strain HK9 was used to optimize the LAMP mixture and conditions. Amplification of DNA in the LAMP mixture was monitored through visual inspection for turbidity of the LAMP mix as well as addition of fluorescent dye. Results Positive LAMP reactions turned turbid while negative ones remained clear. Upon addition of a fluorescent dye, all positive reactions turned green while the negative control remained orange under ambient light. After elecrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gels, a ladder of multiple bands of different sizes can be observed in positive samples while no bands were detected in the negative control. The sensitivity of the assay was found to be 5 parasites per reaction which corresponds to approximately 15.8 ng/μ L DNA. The specificity of the assay was verified by the absence of amplified products when DNA from other gastrointestinal parasites such as the morphologically similar but non-pathogenic species, Entamoeba dispar 39, and other diarrhea-causing organisms such as Blastocystis hominis and Escherichia coli were used. Conclusions The LAMP assay we have developed enables the detection of E. histolytica with rapidity and ease, therefore rendering it is suitable for laboratory and field diagnosis of amebiasis.

467-472

Authors: Xia Yu, Jian He, Sodaly Mongkhoune, Yi Peng, Yuan Xie, Jing Su, Su-Fang Zhou, Xiao-Xun Xie, Guo-Rong Luo, Yuan Fang, Xi Li, Xi Li, Nuo Zhou, Yong-Xiang Zhao, Xiao-Ling Lu

Objective To develop a novel artificial antigen-presenting system for efficiently inducing melanoma-specific CD8+ CD28+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Methods Cell-sized Dynabeads® M-450 Epoxy beads coated with H-2Kb: Ig-TRP2180-188and anti-CD28 antibody were used as artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) to induce melanoma-specific CD8+CD28+ CTL responses with the help of IL-21 and IL-15. Dimer staining, proliferation, ELISPOT, and cytotoxicity experiments were conducted to evaluate the frequency and activity of induced CTLs. Results Dimer staining demonstrated that the new artificial antigen-presenting system efficiently induced melanoma TRP2-specific CD8+CD28+CTLs. Proliferation and ELISPOT assays indicated that the induced CTLs rapidly proliferate and produce increased IFN- γ under the stimulation of H-2Kb: Ig-TRP2-aAPCs, IL-15, and IL-21. In addition, cytotoxicity experiments showed that induced CTLs have specific killing activity of target cells. Conclusions The new artificial antigen-presenting system including aAPCs plus IL-21 and IL-15 can induce a large number of antigen-specific CD8+ CD28+ CTLs against the melanoma. Our study provides evidence for a novel adoptive immunotherapy against tumors.

481-484

Authors: Ji-Hong Wang, Yue-Min Xu, Qiang Fu, Lu-Jie Song, Chao Li, Qin Zhang, Ming-Kai Xie

Objective To study the biocompatibility and neovascularization of the PLGA nanospheres wrapped with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which can improve bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) with local continuous release of VEGF. Methods A total of 18 rabbit model (length of stenosis: 3cm) with anterior urethral stricture were used as experimental animals and divided into three groups. Group A as the control group: Simple BAMG scaffold materials for urethral reconstruction. Group B as the blank group: PLGA microspheres modified BAMG for urethral reconstruction. Group C: PLGA conjugated with VEGF and modified BAMG for the urethral reconstruction. All rabbits underwent urethral angiography after 7 days, 15 days, 1 month and 3 months after the operation, and one rabbit in each group was sacrificed to be prepared for the organization histologic examination, HE staining, masson staining, CD31, 34 and a-SAM immunohistochemical detection in the repaired sites. Results In group A, significant urethral restenosis occurred in two rabbits after 15 days of the operation, HE and masson staining showed a lot of collagen arranged in the repaired sites, and there were a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, and there were also CD31, 34 in the repaired sites. a-SAM microvascular tag count showed a small amount of microvascular; Group B showed anastomotic restenosis, HE and masoon staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition; Group C: urethrography showed lumen patency. There were a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration after 7 and 15 days after the operation, and there were also CD31, 34 in the repaired sites. The a-SAM microvascular tag count showed many microvascular. And the difference was significant. Conclusions Anterior urethral reconstruction with sustained-release of VEGF by PLGA nanospheres modified BAMG stents can reduce postoperative restenosis. It can also reduce collagen deposition and scar formation, promote angiogenesis of the repair tissue; therefore it in valuable in the tissue-engineered urethral reconstruction.

489-492

Authors: Qi-Ya Fu, Li Zhang, Li Duan, Shi-Yun Qian, Hong-Xia Pang

Objective To evaluate the correlation of chronic periodontitis in tropical area and IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17 levels. Methods One hundred and forty-eight patients and one hundred and thirty-two healthy control subjects were included in the study. Clinical parameters (PI, GI and PD) and GCF levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17 were measured at baseline, week 8, week 16 and week 24 after mechanical removal of dental plaque. IFN-γ and IL-10 were determined with ELISA methods and IL-17 was determined with the cytometric bead array. Results Removal of dental plaque resulted in improvement in all clinical parameters. Meanwhile, GCF IL-17 declined to control levels, while GCF IFN-γ and IL-10 levels remained unchanged. Conclusions The decline of GCF IL-17 levels in patients with resolution of periodontitis suggests that IL-17 is involved in the periodontal inflammatory process.

497-499

Authors: Dong-Dong Yang, Kun He, Xue-Liang Wu, Li-Kun Yang, Shuang-Fa Nie

Objective To investigate risk factors of gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) after abdominal non-gastroduodenal operation and its prevention. Methods Clinical data of 22 patients with PGS after abdominal non-gastroduodenal operation was analyzed retrospectively, and compared with the patients of non-PGS after abdominal non-gastroduodenal operation during the same time. The possible influencing factors of PGS were analyzed by single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results All 13 selected factors related with PGS, including age, disease category (benign and malignant), operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative analgesic pump, postoperative enteral nutrition time, postoperative parenteral nutrition time, perioperative blood glucose level, perioperative nutrition status (anaemia or lower proteinemia), pylorus obstruction before surgery, intra-abdominal infection after surgery, and spiritual factor were related with PGS. The statistical analysis showed that the difference was statistical significant (P<0.05), and gender had no correlation with PGS (P>0.05); non-conditional multivariate analysis showed that malignant tumor, perioperative nutrition status, pylorus obstruction, operation time, blood loss, intra-abdominal infection after surgery, and mental factor were significant related with PGS as dependent variable and related risk factors in single factor analysis as independent variables (P <0.05). Conclusions PGS is a result of multiple factors, and among these factors, malignant tumor, poor nutrition status, pylorus obstruction before surgery, longer operation-time, more blood loss, intra-abdominal infection after surgery, and mental factor are major risk factors of PGS.

502-503

Authors: N.K. Kalappanvar, C.S. VinodKumar, K.G. Basavarajappa, G Chandrasekhar, D Sanjay

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