Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine

925-930

Authors: Ya-Fei Zhu, Lin-Sheng He, Zhen-Dong Zhang, Qing-Shui Huang

Objective To investigate the value of serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in differential diagnosis of patients with low-grade serous (LGSC) and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) serous ovarian cancer. Methods LGSC and HGSC serous ovarian cancer were diagnosed by the two-tier grade system, serum levels of HE4 and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) were measured by ELISA and radioisotope method, respectively in 60 serous ovarian cancer patients. HE4 and TP53 protein in cancer tissue were measured by immunohistochemical method. Results The difference in density of HE4 and TP53 protein was significant between LGSC and HGSC tissue, while serum CA125 did not show significant difference between different serum samples. There was significant difference in serum HE4 levels between LGSC and HGSC, and the result was different within FIGO (I+II) stage, suggesting HE4 was not a reliable biomarker for the discrimination between LGSC and HGSC. HE4 had potential as a biomarker for the discrimination between LGSC and HGSC but the role in early diagnosis was limited. Conclusions HE4 may be a reliable marker for differential diagnosis of LGSC and HGSC. But its role in early diagnosis of LGSC and HGSC need to be confirmed from the perspective of two-tier grade system.

935-938

Authors: Song-Yi Ning, Biao-Ping Jiang, Li Xu, Tai-Hui Fang, Mian-Hua Wu

Objective To investigate the effects of Liangxuehuayu Recipe on hemorheology in rats with blood stasis syndrome induced by mutifactor stimuli. Methods SD rats were divided into control, model, Liangxuehuayu Recipe (high, middle and low dose, 18, 9, 4.5 g/kg accordingly). Except the control group, blood stasis model was established in the rest groups. The hemorheological parameters were measured and compared. Results Blood viscosity at high, moderate and low level in rats with blood stasis significantly increased (P<0.05), but blood viscosity at high level and plasma viscosity was significantly decreased in rats induced by some stimuli after Liangxuehuayu Recipe were intra-gastrically administered for 1 weeks (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusions Liangxuehuayu Recipe is effective in improving hemorheology, and has important application value in the prevention of occurrence and development of ischemic stroke.

945-948

Authors: NK Saini, M Singhal

Objective To evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of Tecomaria capensis (T. capensis) Thunb. (Bignoniaceae) methanolic leaves extract (TCLE) using blood glucose level in normal fasted rats, glucose tolerance test and alloxan induced hyperglycemia models. Methods TCLE (100, 300, 1 000 and 2 000 mg/kg body wt.) was given to rats orally to observe acute toxicity, and observed for 14 d. TCLE 200 and 400 mg/kg, and glibenclamide 0.6 mg/kg were given orally in all models. Results Results demonstrated that the no mortality was reported even after 14 d. This indicates that the methanol extract is safe up to a single dose of 2 000 mg/kg body weight. TCLE (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) exhibited remarkable blood glucose lowering effect in blood glucose level in normal fasted rats, glucose tolerance and alloxan induced hyperglycemia model. Cholesterol and triglyceride also decreased in alloxan induced hyperglycemia model. Conclusions The results of this study exhibites that methanol extract of T. capensis possesses antihypergycemic activity and it may prove to be effective for the treatment of hyperglycemia.

956-961

Authors: Haseena Banu Hedayathullah Khan, Kaladevi Siddhi Vinayagam, Shanthi Palanivelu, Sachdanandam Panchanadham

Objective To explore the protective effect of the drug Semecarpus anacardium (S. anacardium)on altered glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by feeding rats with high fat diet followed by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg b.w.). Seven days after STZ induction, diabetic rats received nut milk extract of S. anacardium Linn. nut milk extract orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. The effect of nut milk extract of S. anacardium on blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucose metabolising enzymes and GSK were studied. Results Treatment with SA extract showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and increase in plasma insulin levels and also increase in HOMA – β and decrease in HOMA -IR. The drug significantly increased the activity of glycolytic enzymes and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and increased the glycogen content in liver of diabetic rats while reducing the activities of gluconeogenic enzymes. The drug also effectively ameliorated the alterations in GSK-3 mRNA expression. Conclusions Overall, the present study demonstrates the possible mechanism of glucose regulation of S. anacardium suggestive of its therapeutic potential for the management of diabetes mellitus.

966-969

Authors: Bang-Xing Han, Dan-Zhao Guo, Jun Chen, Jian Mao

Objective To explore the effect of AIBL on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum. Methods The enzyme histochemical profiles of cholinesterase, cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, nitric oxide synthase, and succinate dehydrogenase in the soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host snail of Schistosoma japonicum, were analyzed before and after treatment with the active ingredient of Buddleia lindleyana (AIBL), a potent and safe plant molluscicide. Results Treatment with AIBL induced a notable decrease in the activities of the five enzymes (P<0.01). Conclusions The results indicate that AIBL impairs the activities of the enzymes, thereby influencing the transfer of neurotransmitter and energy supply in Oncomelania hupensis and ultimately harming their various physiological functions, which are considered to cause death of the species.

973-976

Authors: Jun Wang, Yuan Li, Xiong-Bing Zu, Min-Feng Chen, Lin Qi

Objective To explore the anti-tumor effects of asiatic moonseed rhizome extraction-dauricine on bladder cancer EJ cell strain, prostate cancer PC-3Mcell strain and primary cell culture system. Methods The main effective component-phenolic alkaloids ofMenispermum dauricum was extracted and separated from asiatic moonseed rhizome by chemical method. MTT method was used to detect dauricine anti-tumor effect. Results Dauricine had an obvious proliferation inhibition effect on the main tumor cells in urinary system. The minimum drug sensitivity concentration was between 3.81-5.15 μg/mL, and the inhibition ratio increased with the increase of concentration. Conclusions Dauricine, the main effective component extracted from asiatic moonseed rhizome, had a good inhibition effect on tumor cells in urinary system. At the same time, Dauricine has certain inhibition effects on the primary cultured tumor cell.

986-990

Authors: Ananya Bhowmik, Subhasis Bhandari, Rajyasree De, Subhasish Kamal Guha

Objective To assess early mortality and identify its predictors among the ART naive HIV–infected patients initiating anti retroviral therapy (ART) available free of cost at the ART Centres. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of routinely collected programme data was done for assessing mortality of all ART naive adult patients who received first-line ART at a government tertiary care hospital in eastern India during 1st March 2009 and 28th February 2010. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses of the baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory records using SPSS 15.0 were done to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results The mortality rate at one year was estimated to be 7.66 (95% CI 5.84-9.83) deaths/100 patient-years and more than 50% of the deaths occurred during first three months of ART initiation with a median time interval of 73 days. Tuberculosis was the major cause of death. ART naive patients with baseline serum albumin <3.5 mg/dL were eight (OR 7.9; 95% CI: 3.8-16.5) at risk of death than those with higher serum albumin levels and patients with CD4 count <100 cells/μ L were two times (OR 2.2; 95% CI1.1–4.4) at risk of death compared to higher CD4 counts. Conclusions Risk of mortality is increased when ART is initiated at advanced stages of immunosuppression denoted by low serum albumin levels and CD4 cell counts. This highlights the importance of early detection of HIV infection, early management of opportunistic infections including tuberculosis and timely initiation of the antiretroviral drugs in the resource-limited countries, now available free in the Indian national ART programme.

995-999

Authors: Wei Yang, Xiao Dong, Bin Li, Xiao-Qiang Zhang, Yuan Zeng, Yi-Ping Wei, Jian-Liang Zhou, Yan-Hua Tang, Jian-Jun Xu

Objective To observe the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), cardiac troponin (cTn I), creatine kinase isozymes (CK-MB) and muscle red protein(Myo) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and to investigate the association of polymorphisms in angiotensin converting enzyme genes and myocardial injury. Methods Sixty-three patients suffered from rheumatic mitral stenosis and scheduled for mitral valve replacement with CPB, were randomly divided into three groups according polymorphisms in angiotensin converting enzyme genes: type II, type ID, type DD (each=21). Blood samples were withdrawn from artery before operation (T1), at the beginning of CPB (T2), 30 min after CPB (T3), (T4) at the end of CPB (T5), 2 h after CPB (T6), 6 h after CPB (T7) to measure the expression of ACE, Ang II, cTn I, CK-MB, Myo. Results The level of ACE during and after CPB were significantly higher than those before CPB (P<0.05). As extension of CPB time, the expression of ACE was increased. The level of cTn I, CK-MB, Myo after CPB were significantly higher than those before CPB(P<0.05). The level of cTn I, CK-MB and Myo were highest at T7, T6 and T5 and T7, respectively. The level of ACE, Ang II cTn I in patients with DD genotype was significantly higher than the ID and II genotype (P< 0.05). Besides, the level of ACE, Ang II in patients with ID genotype was significantly higher than the II (P< 0.05). Conclusions There is certain correlation between CPB perioperative midterm ACE and cTn I, Myo, CK-MB. ACE DD genotype is a susceptibility gene of the CPB perioperative myocardial injury.

1007-1008

Authors: Sunil Kumar, Shraddha Jain, Shivali Kashikar

Cysticercosis is a common tropical disease. Disseminated form is one of the uncommon manifestations and a rare complication of this disease. We report an immunocompetent patient with disseminated cysticercosis who had involvement of the brain and skeletal muscles giving rise to Herculean appearance.