International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water

1141-1157

Authors: Zhang Chengze, Sun Jichao*

Abstract: To master the law of precipitation evolution in Beijing and better implement the management of water resources. Based on the monthly precipitation data of Beijing from 1978 to 2020, the trend, mutation and periodicity of annual and seasonal precipitation in Beijing were studied by using linear regression, anomaly analysis, 5a moving average, Mann-Kendall mutation test and Morlet wavelet analysis. The results show that the annual, spring, summer, autumn and winter tilt rates are - 1.81mm/3a, - 0.17mm/3a, - 3.11 mm/3a, 1.42mm/3a and 0.02mm/3a respectively. The precipitation in summer decreased significantly in 2005, in autumn increased significantly in 2012, and in winter decreased significantly in 1982. There was no significant change in inter-annual and spring precipitation. The annual and seasonal precipitation had many mutations in this time series, and the mutations were 7 times, 13 times, 2 times, 5 times and 7 times respectively. There are three kinds of periodic changes in annual precipitation, and the intensity of periodic changes is the largest in the 20-32 year scale. There were 3 types, 2 types, 2 types and 2 types of periodic changes in each season respectively. The intensity of periodic changes in winter precipitation was the largest on a 10-20 year scale, and the intensity of periodic changes in the other three seasons was the largest on a 20-32 year scale. In general, the annual and seasonal precipitation in Beijing has obvious trends, mutations and periodicity, and the research results have certain reference values for Beijing water resources planning and other related work. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

1215-1249

Authors: Adnan Khan*, Sara Shahwaar

Abstract: Present study aimed to examine the impact of physico-chemical factors of agricultural soil on zinc availability for plant uptake in the Gadap Basin. Bio accessibility and availability were assessed for the vegetable and fruit plants. For this purpose, water (n = 6), soil (n=11), and plant (n=12) samples were collected from agricultural-fields. Data revealed that both water (Range: 7.14 to 8.34; mean: of 7.99) and soil (Range: 7.8 to 8.4) pH is alkaline. The soil Eh is oxic which span between +120 and+134 mV. Similarly, High soil salinity (Range: 163 to 322 mg/kg) is causing increasing soil pH, which is leading to less availability of zinc to plants. According to soil classification, soil of Gadap is found to be coarse grained where 85% of the soil retained between 60 and 100 meshes, while 5% stayed between 17 and 200 meshes, and other 10% comprises clay. The zinc concentration in soil ranged between 25–40 mg/kg, which is extremely low. On the other, hand zn concentration in plant samples is found to be 10.71mg/Kg-21.35mg/Kg. It is concluded that agricultural soil of Gadap town is deficient in Zn content which is affecting the crops nutrient index. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

1049-1073

Authors: Adnan Khan*, Afrida Fatima Ahmed, Sumaira Asif Khan, Umair waseem

Abstract: Geochemical and geotechnical characterization of Pir Mangho limestone, Halkani limestone unit Talawa limestone and Turitela bed of Tertiary age was carried out for their suitability as dimension stone. For this purpose, limestone samples (n = 8) were collected from Sonapass area. Petrographic properties reveals that all the collected samples are fine grained allochemical limestone enrich with fossil fragments as frame work grain. As per Dunham (1962) classification, Pir Mangho and Talawa limestone are classified as boundstone while Halakni limestone and Turitela units are classified as grainstone. According to Folk (1959) classification Pir-Mangho and Halkani limestone unit is classified as biosparitic limestone while, Talawa limestone is bio-micritic limestone. As per Munsell color chart most of the samples are reddish yellow followed by pinkish white and yellowish red in color. CaO and MgO content varies in the order of Lp (49.9%) > Lt (47.40%) >, Lh (30.81) > Lm 25.45% and Lm (2.20%) > Lh (1.30%) > Lt (0.84%) > Lp (0.72%) respectively. In Lp and Lt limestone samples, the average SiO2 content is < 6%. On the other hand, Lh is found to contain 32.59% silica. Likewise, the mean content of Na2O and K2O varies in the order of Lh (0.47%) > Lm (0.44%) > Lt 0.06% > Lp (0.05%) and Lh (1.25%) > Lm (0.69%) > Lt (0.23%) > Lp 0.215% respectively. On the other hand, Al2O3 content in all studied samples varies in the order of Lh (5.94%) > Lm (4.76%) > Lt (1.28%) > Lp (1.15%). The average iron oxide content in collected samples is found to be 1.36% (Lp), 2.99% (Lt), 3.67% (Lh) and 14.90% (Lm) respectively. Absorption data of present study reveal that except sample Lm-8, all samples are classified as high density rocks where mean absorption values of all samples varied in the order of 3> 1.42 > 2.66 for Lh, Lt, and Lp respectively. On the other hand, sample Lm-8 is classified as medium density rock with high degree of absorption (5.27%). Collected samples have shown variable bulk density where average values are 2545.673 kg/m3, 2289.44 kg/m3, 2326.33 kg/m33 and 1990.80 kg/m3 for Lp, Lh, Lt and Lm respectively so these rocks are classified as high to medium density rocks. The average compressive strength of collected samples are 42.21, 41.93 and 42.16 Mpa for Lp, Lh, and Lt respectively suggesting that these are medium density rocks and results are comparable with ASTM C 568. The Lt, Lp and Lh have acceptable range of modulus of rupture, with the average value varying in the order of 23.7 > 22.61 > 22.48 and comparable with ASTM C568. Absorption has negative relationship with compressive strength and density. While, density has positive relationship with compressive strength. Hence, these results indicate that except sample Lm-8 all the collected limestone samples of Nari and Gaj formations are suitable for the purpose of medium grade dimension stone. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

1103-1115

Authors: Zakir Hossine 1, Afia Farzana 2, Md. Abdur Rafe 3, and Md. Kamrujjaman 4*

In the universe, an infinite number of patterns are visible, which is the premier beauty of nature. Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool to decorate the patterns in scientific computation. This paper studied the Gierer-Meinhardt reaction-diffusion model of pattern formation to visualize a class of patterns for different animals and plants. It is also noted that many biological and chemical phenomena can be explained using the Gierer-Meinhardt model. We have analyzed the linear stability to get the stability and instability conditions of a system of reaction-diffusion equations with diffusion and in the absence of diffusion. Finally, as an application, a series of different types of patterns are presented using numerical simulation of the model. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

973-976

Authors: Jichao Sun

Abstract: Particle flow calculation is an essential method for numerical simulation. Single spherical particles cannot meet the increasingly complex particle simulation requirements, and joint particles may simulate materials with different shapes. To ensure the consistency of simulation and actual materials, the gradation of the two materials needs to be the same. However, the premise is that the particle size of the joint particles is obtained by calculation. It is very cumbersome for researchers to form particles and calculate the particle size when calculating joint particles. This problem can be solved by building a particle database. This paper establishes this database, and parameters such as particle size and area of joint particles are calculated. It dramatically simplifies the workload of joint particle simulation personnel and can compare simulation results of different researchers, which is beneficial to the promotion of research results. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

999-1022

Authors: Siraj Sh. Mohamed Adam, Ibrahim Mohammed

This review aims to generate basic information for beneficiaries and users about the indigenous breed of Ethiopian goats and their productive performance, social and economic significance of goat production, and major goat production programs in Ethiopia. Some of the constraints and opportunities for goat production are also discussed in this paper. Ethiopia has a large number of livestock; 65.35 million cattle, 39.89 million sheep, 50.50 million goats, 8.98 million donkeys, 2.11 million horses, 7.70 million camels, 0.38 million mules and 48, 96 million chickens. The country has the largest number of goats on the continent, which serves several functions for the communities. In Ethiopia, goat production represents 16.8% of the total meat and 16.7% of milk consumption. Indigenous Ethiopian goats are less productive than cold breeds. Goat production was largely affected by food shortages, diseases and parasites, market depressions, low genetic production and severe water shortages. There are ways to increase goat production, as various development partners are involved in higher education. Currently, research and development is underway on goat development. It is important to use modern production systems with advanced technology in urban and urban areas and to improve the traditional system in rural areas by adding food and better medical care. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

899-916

Authors: Abdi Hassen, Ibsa Dawid

ABSTRACT: Production of hydroponics fodder involves growing plants without soil but in water or nutrient-rich solutions in a greenhouse for a short duration (approx. 7 days). The use of nutrient solutions for the growth of hydroponic fodder is not essential, and only tap water can be used. The hydroponics fodder is more palatable, digestible, and nutritious while imparting other health benefits to the animals. Feeding hydroponically produced fodder increases the digestibility of the nutrients in the ration, which could increase milk production. In situations where conventional green fodder cannot be grown successfully, farmers can produce hydroponic fodder for feeding their dairy animals using low-cost devices. Nowadays, several countries are practicing it for their sustainable livestock production. Developing seed culture and new activities in hydroponics reduce production costs and help cooperatives produce and sell. Thus, it is vital to use hydroponic fodder for livestock, which is low cost and highly nutritive. Therefore, this technology is found to be conducive to almost all livestock. Hydroponic feed is a natural product produced without the use of any hormones, growth promoters, or chemical fertilizers. There is no pesticide, fungicide, dust, or toxic that could contaminate livestock products. This technology has a solution to avoid the scarcity of green feed in dry seasons and urban areas with a shortage of forage production. Therefore, there is a need to develop specific low-cost devices to produce hydroponics fodder under given local conditions. So further studies and development efforts should be made to expand its applications is needed. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

939-956

Authors: Petros Chavula

Most developing country's governments in Sub Sahara African countries’ including Zambia's and international organizations have committed major resources to promote Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) as a means of increasing resilience to the effects of climate change. Zambia has made significant progress in expanding CSA and is now regarded as a regional leader in this file. This research is of great importance in ascertaining adopted practices impacts among rural farming households and contributions to soil physicochemical properties (agroecosystem). The study's findings will aid in the improvement of CSA activities and have an impact on policy regarding the development of future intervention approaches. Hopefully, CSA activities in Zambia will be scaled up, resulting in more effective resource use and CSA project execution. Therefore, an inclusive study is needed to quantify the effects of CSATs on soil physicochemical properties across different (selected) technologies and household consumption among smallholder farmers. The inclusive study will conduct a statistical analysis with a holistic econometric approach. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

835-891

Authors: Salaudeen Abdulwasiu Olawale

ABSTRACT: Contamination of water bodies by industrial and domestic effluents containing heavy metals is today considered a big threat to man, flora and fauna. Solving this problem resulting from rapid industrialization has been a challenge over time. From different experimental results obtained, biosorption is considered a part of the solution to this problem. Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions is an alternative technique that is cost-effective due to availability of large amount of sorption materials and low or no chemical/energy demand. In this article, a review of past and current outcomes of biosorption studies using different biomaterials was carried out. This review also looked into various factors affecting heavy metals biosorption, adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/