News of the Ural State Mining University

7-16

Authors: V. A. Dushin

The article contains summarized results of the study of Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic magmatic complexes of the North Urals; there are three age levels of the plume-type intraplate magmatism: Permian-Triassic alkaline-acid (Torasoveysky, Levdievsky, Pon'insky complexes), Triassic-Jurassic trappean (Musyursky, Yatyinsky complexes), and Jurassic-Cretaceous alkaline-basite (Yalyayakhinsky, Marunsky, and Osoveisky complexes). The author shows their confinement to transverse disjunctive structures discordant to the general submeridional structure of the folded system. For the first time the author provides results of studying the isotope age of magmatites and describes their geochemical and metallogenic specializations. Thus, the Late Permian-Early Triassic stage is characterized by the manifestation of alkaline-acidic magmatism and associated mineralization of rare metal-albitite (Ta-Nb-Th-U) with gold and platinoids (Taykeusky, Longotsky deposits), quartz-fluorite and carbonatefluorite (Amderminsky deposit), and gold-copper-molybdenum-porphyry (Levdievsky manifestation) formations. The ore objects of the Triassic-Jurassic stage due to the magmatism of trappean type are represented by small objects of gold-porphyry (Petropavlovsky deposit) formation, as well as by deposits of crystal, Iceland spar (Khasavarka, Pelin-gichey deposit) and agates (Harbeysky-Yagodny manifestation). The productivity of alkaline-basite-ultrabasite magmatism formations, attributed to manifestations of mantle and crust-mantle types, is of interest primarily for their probable diamond content (Nemziyakhinsky complex). In addition, alkalinebasite magmatism is promising for the manifestations of mercury, tungsten-mercury (Malotal'beysky, Sfinks manifestations), gold-quartz-sulfide with platinoids (Penzengoyakhinsky manifestation and others) and quartz-antimonite (Verkhnekhanmeisky, Slavkino ore manifestations) formations. The author makes a conclusion on the connection between the magmatism of the Urals and the processes that occurred in the foundation of the West Siberian plate.

24-33

Authors: V. N. Ogorodnikov, S. G. Sustavov, D. A. Khanin, E. S. Shagalov, Yu. A. Polenov

The first findings of carbonatites in the Ufaleysky complex happened in the late 1980s. Separate bodies of carbonatites are confined to linear fissured zones. According to the structural-textural and mineralogical characteristics, the studied carbonatites belong to one of three types: carbonatite-I – calcite, carbonatite-II – calcite-dolomite, and carbonatite-III (nelsonite). Carbonatites of the last type occupy a transversal position relative to the other carbonatites and are represented by dolomite-ankerite carbonates with amphibole, apatite, and microcline. In contrast to the Il'meno-Vishnevogorsky complex, where rare-earth mineralization has cerium specialization, the Ufaleysky carbonatites are associated with subalkaline granitoids and have a distinct yttrium specialization. The authors study in detail the carbonatites and nelsonites in quartz vein deposits of the Ufaleysky metamorphic complex of the Precambrian age, associated with the formation of quartz veins of extremely pure quartz of the Ufaleysky and Yeghustinsky types. The authors established their genetic interrelation with albitites. The article contains the stages of development of carbonatites and nelsonites and their mineralogical composition. For the study of the morphology of crystals and the chemical composition of phlogopite, amphibole, diopside, epidote, magnetite, xenotime, composing carbonatites and nelsonites, the authors used an electron probe microanalyzer, electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The carbonatites and nelsonites have a high concentration of rare earths, yttrium, uranium-thorium, tantalum-niobates, strontium, which is of practical interest as a complex mineralization.

39-43

Authors: M. P. Popov, A. G. Nikolaev

The authors consider the problems of development of phenacite mineralization at the Ural Emerald Mines, which is rather well developed and described in the Mariinsky (Malyshevsky) and Sretensky (Sverdlovsk) emerald-beryllium deposits. Phenacite is widespread in many beryllium deposits, but crystals of jewelry quality, with such large sizes as at the Emerald Mines, form rarely. Despite the prescription of the discovery (1833), and because of the rare occurrence of jewelry quality of crystals, and the presence of more expensive and valuable stones – emeralds and alexandrites – in deposits of the Emerald mines, phenacite remains almost unknown in the precious stones market, and especially abroad. Phenacite mineralization mostly occurs in the micaceous veins represented by gray and greenish-gray phlogopite. Distribution of phenacite in the micaceous veins is extremely uneven. Mineralization is typically nesting. High content of phenacite appears in the micaceous veins, mineral composition of which is mostly phlogopite, veins and concretions of beryllium-containing margarite (B-margarite) and chlorite. Content of phenacite is low in the micaceous veins that include phlogopite, plagioclase, beryl, fluorite, smoky quartz. At the Sretensky deposit is located a vein that refers to a new type of ore bodies of the chrysoberyl-phenacite composition lying in ultrabasic rocks. Unlike emerald-bearing micaceous veins that have a northwestern spread, the chrysoberyl-phenacite ore bodies are oriented in the near-latitudinal direction and have a northern incidence at an angle of 75°–80°. The most common form of phenacite crystals on the Emerald Mines is rhombohedral and short columned. Crystals have a large number of faces. The usual shapes are a hexagonal prism and rhombohedrons. Twin crystals are common, druses, columnar aggregates, and spherulites are characteristic. Phenacite can be colorless or slightly colored in wine yellow, sometimes pinkish, light gray, white, and rarely brown. The color in the crystal can spread non-uniformly. Wine-yellow coloration is not stable; it completely disappears in the light. Most common inclusions in phenacite are clinochlor, ilmenite and pyrrhotite. The work presents spectra of infrared and optical spectroscopy for phenacites of various colors. In addition, the authors show the similarity of gemological properties of the Ural phenacites and crystals from Sri Lanka.

48-52

Authors: A. V. Khokhryakov, A. M. Ol'khovskiy, G. A. Studenok

Typical pollutants, whose content in drainage waters of mining enterprises exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations, are nitrogen compounds - ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen. Their presence in drainage waters is a consequence of the use of explosives based on ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) for preparing the rock mass for excavation. The article presents the results of studies performed in quarries of a large mining enterprise, which justify the possibility of preliminary natural treatment of drainage waters of mining enterprises from nitrogen compounds in exhausted open-cast excavation. Natural purification occurs due to two processes - the first is a natural nitrification of the ammonium ion NH4+ and the nitrite ion NO2- to the nitrate ion NO3- (the nitrate ion represents the least environmental hazard of these nitrogen compounds) with prolonged storage of drainage water in exhausted open-cast excavation in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The second is a dilution of drainage waters in open-cast excavation by natural underground waters and atmospheric precipitation entering it in a natural way. The results of the studies given in the article became the foundation for the development of the project for the enterprise purification system for drainage water, which successfully passed state expertise and is currently being implemented. The use of preliminary natural treatment of drainage water from nitrogen compounds in exhausted open-cast excavation significantly reduced the cost of the project and subsequent post-treatment at specialized biological treatment facilities, which is especially important in the current economic situation.

57-59

Authors: Cheban A. Yu.

Using the explosions is the main way to prepare solid rocks for the excavation, and that results in the formation of a rock mass of uneven granulometric composition, which makes it impossible to use a conveyor quarry transport without the preliminary large crushing of the rock mass obtained during the explosion. A way to achieve the greatest technical and economic effect is the full conveyorization of quarry transport, what, in this case, ensures the sequenced-flow of transport operations, automation of management and high labor productivity. The extraction-and-loading machines are the determining factor in the performance of mining and transport machines in the technological flow of the quarry. When extracting a blasted rock mass with single-bucket excavators or loaders working in combination with bottom-hole conveyors, one uses self-propelled crushing and reloading units of various designs to grind large individual parts to fractions of conditioning size. The presence of a crushing and reloading unit in the pit-face along with the excavator requires an additional space for its placement, complicates the maneuvering of the equipment in the pit-face, and increases the number of personnel and the cost of maintaining the extraction-and-reloading operations. The article proposes an improved method for carrying out the extraction-and-loading process, as well as the design of extraction-and-grinding unit based on a quarry hydraulic excavator. The design of the proposed unit makes it possible to convert the cyclic process of scooping the rock mass into the continuous process of its loading on the bottom-hole conveyor. Using the extraction-and-grinding unit allows one to combine the processes of excavation, preliminary crushing and loading of the rock mass, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of mining operations.

65-68

Authors: A. V. Ugol'nikov, I. L. Shchekleina, A. E. Gorelova

The objective of any enterprise is a reduction of production costs, encouraging investments for implementation of new advanced technologies for extraction, processing and transportation of raw materials, reproduction of an effective mineral and raw materials base. At concentrating plants, the final process of minerals processing is the dehydration of pulps. This process has large economic costs due to the expenses on electricity and filter cloth of vacuum filters. The most promising is the replacement of vacuum filters by such devices that dehydrate the pulp using a running magnetic field effect. Using such a device will significantly improve the quality of iron ore concentrate, reduce the loss of useful component and the cost of electrical energy, exclude the costs of filter cloth and thereby reduce the production cost. The principle of operation of such dehydration devices is that the magnetic particles, getting into the range of running magnetic field, begin to move against the direction of this field. In this paper, the authors propose to replace the vacuum filter with a dehydration device for ferromagnetic pulps based on the action of running magnetic field. This device allows reducing capital costs, repair costs and consumables costs. The calculation shows that the replacement of existing equipment with a new one leads to an annual economic effect in operating costs. Based on purely economic considerations, replacing to the dehydration device is a reliable investment.

76-79

Authors: S. N. Zharikov, V. A. Kutuev

The authors consider the issue of ensuring the quality of crushing rock mass by drilling and blasting method for high productivity of a cyclic link of a cyclic-flow technology complex. The article contains recommendations for calculating certain parameters of drilling and blasting operations, such as the width of the retaining wall Bp. s, the collapse with account for the retaining wall Вr, the width of the collapse of the rock mass Bf when blasting onto a free surface (for the first row of vertical wells and for the first series of inclined wells), the width of the collapse from the first series of wells B1, the deceleration time τ, the coefficient kβ that takes into account the incline angle of wells β to the horizon. The authors prove the expediency of using a retaining wall in explosions of technological blocks. The authors raise the question about the management of detonation characteristics of explosives produced in the field of application for the most rational impact of an explosion on a rock massif. Since the technological schemes for preparing the rock mass to the excavation, which ensure the high-performance operation of the cyclic link of the cyclic-flow technology, can be different, then the choice of a specific drilling and blasting circuit is depends on the geological conditions and elements of the development system. As a preliminary method of breaking, one can consider the explosion of charges along the diagonal (diagonal blasting schemes) on the retaining wall. This method provides sufficient reliability of technological explosions, and with the development of modern means of blasting with decelerations between charges of more than 67 ms, there are nearly no back emissions.

85-92

Authors: M. S. Kubarev

This article considers the stages in the relationship between a person (society) and nature from the position of forming directions of nature management. The author proposes to distinguish five stages. For each stage, the author justifies the type (model) of economic development, the nature of person (society) and nature interaction, institutional support and direction of nature management. At the first stage (the Old Stone Age), a person’s moral attitude to nature, its deification, harmonization of relationships, the presence of only direction - resource consumption, takes place. At the second stage, a person separates himself from the natural world, the anthropogenic impact increases, certain restrictive measures for protecting fauna and flora appear, and separate facts of protection of natural resources supplement resource consumption and resource management. At the third stage, frontal economy starts functioning, the person considers himself the creator of nature, and the first environmental acts on reserving appear. The use of natural resources is complemented with the expansion of the protection of natural resources and their renewal. At the fourth stage, the environmental model of the economy replaces the frontal economy. The human continues to conquer nature, considering it a natural resources storehouse, special management apparatus appears, law-making activities stir up, financing and performing scientific research expand widely. Among the directions of nature management are the use of natural resources, transformation, renewal (restoration), nature protection, including reserving. The fifth stage includes implementation of the transition to a model of sustainable development, the environmental and economic system becomes the object of management, and humanity becomes aware of the importance of nature, (the mechanism of biotic regulation), the need for biosphere compatibility, and the development of institutional provision. The reserving begins to play an independent role.

97-101

Authors: L. A. Mochalova, D. A. Grinenko, V. V. Yurak

The authors consider the problem of the formation and placement of solid municipal waste (SMW), which becomes more and more relevant year by year for Russia, including the Sverdlovsk region. Referring to foreign experience, the authors note that in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to form an effective management system for SMW, which should be based on corresponding normative legal acts. The authors consider the organizational and economic aspects of reforming the SMW handling sphere. In particular, there is a need to develop processing infrastructure. In order to activate this process, the authors propose to increase the allocation of budget funds to this area of tariffs for the placement of SMWs at polygons and the amount of penalties for improper waste handling. One of the steps to the formation of an effective organizational and economic mechanism for SMW management in Russia is the possibility of introducing an environmental fee, which manufacturers and importers of goods have to pay when they do not provide for self-disposal of waste from the use of goods or they have not met the established standards for waste management.

108-112

Authors: V. I. Golik, Yu. I. Razorenov

Месторождения юга России являются одними из первых по времени промышленного освоения минерально-сырьевой базы Российского государства. Сегодняшняя общая проблема их разработки заключается в ослаблении темпов или полном прекращении эксплуатации. Прекратили свою производственную деятельность Садонский свинцово-цинковый, Тырныаузский вольфрамо-молибденовый комбинаты, в глубоком социально-экономическом кризисе оказался Восточный Донбасс, переходят на подземный способ разработки предприятия Курской магнитной аномалии. Проблемы горного производства в регионах юга России объясняется радикальным изменением отношений: изменением конъюнктуры металлов на рынке, ограничением условий торговли и обмена, угрозой минеральной безопасности России и другими факторами. Южно-Российский государственный политехнический университет решает проблемы обеспечения конкурентоспособности добычи угля в условиях становления рынка при ухудшении сортности угля и снижении производственной мощности при реструктуризации производства, а также предотвращения деградации окружающей среды под влиянием горных работ. Разрабатываются научные основы комплексной переработки хвостов углеобогащения с выпуском товарной продукции для поддержания экономики шахт, эксплуатирующих месторождения углей невысокого качества. Северо-Кавказский государственный технологический университет решает вопросы восстановления горного производства на месторождениях регионов СКФО и других регионов, использования селективной выемки богатых руд и выщелачивания бедных и некондиционных руд; утилизации отходов горно-металлургического производства и др. Основой технологической модернизации горного производства юга России должны стать инновационные технологии добычи и переработки первичного сырья и хвостов обогащения и металлургии с использованием малозатратных методов, эффективность которых будет определяться не столько приростом добычи металла из обогащенных участков, сколько полнотой использования недр. В вопросах подготовки горных специалистов университеты юга России активно сотрудничают друг с другом, с Фрайбергской горной академией, университетами Китая, Казахстана и других стран, а также с научными подразделениями своих контрагентов-предприятий.

119-120

Authors: V. V. Filatov

122-127

Authors: A. G. Shorin

Заключительная часть статьи посвящена истории зданий, которые не входят в число учебных корпусов: это общежития, спортивные сооружения, базы практик. Также рассказывается о попытках создания на базе вуза Университетского городка и создания Студенческого городка.