News of the Ural State Mining University

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Authors: V. M. Sapozhnikov, K. M. Ermolaev, D. B. Kovtun

During exploration and prospecting works, when using the method of a charge within the ore fields there is a problem of accounting influence of inhomogeneities of various genesis. In particular, it concerns the dike complex rocks. For immersed point source of current, authors have made the mathematical simulation of anomalous field caused by the presence of submerged half plane – insulator, and this simulation allowed to justify method of detecting steeply dipping bodies of small intrusions that frequently have ore-controlling value. Calculations show that for a successful separation of platelike anomaly-forming objects such as dikes, models of which can be half planes it is necessary to determine abnormal potential and its gradient. The latter is most convenient for interpretation, since it allows selecting objects confidently, even when there is a system of similar bodies. Practice confirms this condition, as demonstrated in the provided charts of the anomalous field and its gradient. The experience of exploration of ore fields, especially in the areas of active rock crushing, shows that bodies of small intrusions are quite contrasting anomaly-forming objects and without correct interpretation of related field disturbances, the successful interpretation of these measurements is difficult.

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Authors: I. I. Zheleznyak, I. Yu. Mal’chikova

Authors present information about the conditions of ice formation in the natural and technogenic clumpy rock masses in the climatic conditions of the mountain regions of Subarctic in the Northen Transbaikalia. This research substantiates actuality of the study of ice formation in such clumps for the purpose of developing methods and technical means for their engineering and geological study, determination of physical and mechanical properties, development of approaches to the solution of a wide range of geo-ecological and geotechnical problems and, in general, the problem of ensuring the stability of constructions of various purposes. One can find basic differences of their properties, which determine the radiation balance of the surface of clumpy rock masses depending on the situation on the terrain and the orientation to the cardinal. The authors also analyze of the impact of seasonal fluctuations in temperature, humidity and precipitation on the particular ice formations in clumpy rock massifs as a result of convective heat transfer in interclumpy spaces. The results of studies show relations of the formation and accumulation of ice from the structure of clumpy massifs. Authors obtained types and main genetic characteristics of ice in clumpy rock masses. Moreover, authors determined the conditions for forming the structure of the crystal lattice, water crystallization, crystal growth, chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties and other characteristics of ice, in the surface and underground rock clumpy massifs. One can see their dependence on dynamics of the changing in the winter low daily and seasonal temperature of crystallization and the rapid growth of ice crystals. Authors present conclusions of the scientific and practical importance in solving practical problems of economic development of the territories with local and areal extent of clumpy rock massifs.

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Authors: L. E. Orolbaeva, A. A. Meleshko

The complex orography of Tien-Shan, geodynamically unstable environment determine the formation of such natural processes such as landslides, earthquakes, mudslides, floods and high waters. Dumps and tailings of mining and extractive industries, located in channels and floodplains of spleen and landslide-prone rivers significantly complicate the manifestation of dangerous natural processes and reduce the ecological situation. It determines the necessity of studying factors and conditions of formation of these processes, identifying patterns of their manifestations and interconnections, as well as the study of the nature of the triggers that lead to the emergence of synergies. The article describes the natural conditions and factors of formation of dangerous natural processes and phenomena of the Tien Shan, the characteristic of technogeneous factors. Authors analyzed and typed geohazards with a synergistic effect manifesting with the greatest frequency in the mountain river basins of the Tien Shan. The article describes the formation of different types of floods with the manifestation of the synergistic effect and the formation of a cascade of dangerous processes. Examples of the formation of hazardous processes are river basins of Ala-Archa and Mailu-Suu with typical for the majority of mountain river basins natural conditions, the activity of dangerous natural processes and the basin of river Mailuu-Suu also has the imposition of anthropogenic factors: the presence of radioactive dumps and tailings. For river basin. Ala-Archa authors reviewed a manifestation of the synergistic effect and the formation of a cascade of dangerous processes under different trigger events.For Mailuu-Suu river basin authors give projections of volume calculations dammed lake during the landslide, analyze the possible options for the development of dangerous processes. To justify the prediction of synergistic effects in the formation of geohazards in mountain river basins it is necessary to evaluate the existing relationship between hazardous natural and technological processes, determine the likely triggers, their nature, and trigger chance in time and space.

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Authors: T. R. Akhmedov

This article focuses on the application of seismic methods, the study of their capabilities in prospecting and exploration of non-anticlinal traps, which are widespread in Azerbaijan. This article describes the materials of 3D seismic exploration conducted on one of the areas of Apsheron peninsula in 2012. In the study area, the author received a temporary cube in the range of 0–6 seconds. Seismic data on the entire section covering the neogene sediments has a good quality, which makes it possible to carry out an unequivocal interpretation. Geological information and analysis of the wave pattern allowed conducting a seismostratigraphic subdivision of section of studied area. The nature of the wave field divides the entire range into two seismostratigraphic megacomplexes: miocene and pliocene. We studied mainly three types of non-anticlinal traps, which are, in our view, widespread within Azerbaijan: traps controlled by low-amplitude disturbances; zones of pinchout of individual packages of sediments; and other types of traps, such as paleorivers beds.The application of different procedures for processing 2D and 3D seismic data gives very different results in studying of different types of anticlinal traps. For example, coherence cube of 3D data does not allow identifying disjunctive dislocations, and the author had to resort to using the traditional methods of allocation and tracking of disturbances on the wave field. The study shows that in miocene and lower pliocenelow amplitude disturbances play a major role in the formation of non-anticlinal traps of small size.The article specifically describes the anticipated non-anticlinal traps in the sediments of the lower pliocene–miocene of different areas of West Apsheron. The 2D seismic survey revealed pinchout areas, most shallow of which relate to the seismic horizon SH-IV, dated to the underlying productive strata deposits, which is adjacent to the horizon SH-V, related to the upper strata of diatom. At depths of about 2800–3800 m in the underlying with diatoms sediments there are several pinchout areas. These pinching deposits expectedly belong to the oligocene sediments. The study of pinchout zones by the method of instantaneous dynamic characteristics did not give the desired results, although their data allowed to verify the existence of zones of pinchout, but was too imprecise to clarify the position of the pinchout point. Application of Q-filtering was a success: at such a great depths pinchout point position was set accurately. Dynamic 3D seismic data analysis allowed isolating and tracing of the paleo channel of the ancient Volga at the Apsheron Peninsula, which many researchers spoke about.

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Authors: L. I. Andreeva, Yu. Yu. Ushakov

Authors consider main indicators of reliability and longevity of quarry motor transport - the average mean time between failures and the average resource of dump trucks assemblies. The main part of failures of career motor transport classifies as sudden, caused, mostly, by the influence of the conditions and operating modes. Authors found out that the most unreliable parts of dump trucks BelAZ-75131, in terms of reliability, are motors. Studies have shown that a significant portion of the average recovery time accounts for waiting time of repair, caused by, mainly, the influence of organizational factors. Operating experience of quarry dump trucks on mining enterprises showed that the mean time between failures of domestic cars is much lower than foreign analogues, which operate under similar conditions. On an example of the Tugnuisky mine (OJSC «SUEK») for the rapid assessment of the state of machines authors designed a visualized card of accounting technical condition of units and aggregates dump trucks, allowing site managers to set priorities in setting machines for repair and beforehand start material and financial preparation for its conducting. One can find a developed form of accounting results of the work of maintenance personnel, allowing the district mechanic to track the results of the repair teams in online mode. The study determined that insufficient revolving fund provision of units and assemblies of machines leads to quite low levels of operational reliability of domestic trucks. This increases downtime of dump trucks in repair, waiting time of repair and, consequently, entails economic losses for the mining company. On example of Komatsu HD-1200 authors calculated the direct and indirect losses from the dump downtime on one of the mining enterprises in the North-West region of Russia. The article conatins reference conditions of their exploitation for determining the target operational reliability of quarry dump trucks.

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Authors: S. Ya. Davydov, N. G. Valiev, N. M. Suslov, A. N. Semin, A. I. Ermolaev, T. N. Cheremisina, M. S. Filatov

The authors identified the sources of dust formation in quarries and risk of dust effect on staff health. This article presents dust properties depending on its fractional composition and possible ways of use of dust in the production: the use as target products; return to the production that generates this type of dust; recycling in another production with obtaining of commercial products; recycling for construction purposes; agricultural use etc. The authors consider possibility of using pulverized coal as a new fuel. According to studies of granulometric composition of fragmented by explosion rocks of various hardness, for each kilogram of explosives during mass explosions gaseous cloud obtains from 80 to 320 g of particulate fraction of up to 20 microns. One can see a presented dust properties, depending on the particle size, and the dependence by definition of the dust and gas atmospheric pollution in the production of massive explosions. The authors also propose a new all-terrain vehicle with the air bag for collection and transportation of dust-raising bulk materials in the conditions of obstruction on the land, such as in quarries after blasting, excavation, works on movement of the rock mass, and others. This article contains the description and operating principle of the new vehicle, and the main parameters of speed airflow depending on the fractional composition of dust. Authors suggest dependences for differential pressure to create an airbag and the suction line, as well as in the flexible suction conduit, in the intake nozzle, in the filter and expenditure of transported air in the suction line.

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Authors: L. A. Mochalova

The article is devoted to the modernization of the economy, whose main areas are new industrialization (neoindustrialization) and the formation of post-industrial (information) economy based on higher technological ways. The processes of modernization should allow eventually moving from raw material export development strategy of the country’s economy to the innovative strategy. However, social and environmental effects must accompany them, at the expense of development of environmentally friendly economic activities, use of the «green» innovative technologies and environmentally friendly equipment. As an important step towards the «green» economic modernization in Russia the author considers initiated by the government transition to the best available technologies, contributing to the comprehensive prevention and (or) minimization of negative impact on the environment. The author supposes that economic modernization should be supported by the state through the implementation of the related industrial and environmental policies, consisting in direct state participation in the updating of machinery and technological processes in industrial enterprises as well as in indirect: through the use of economic instruments of promoting of the economic subjects (tax incentives, penalties). The author also draws attention to the necessity of preparation and implementation of strategic planning documents at the federal, regional and municipal levels, within which economists must present not only economic but also environmental medium and long-term objectives, targets and indicators.

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Authors: P. I. Pirozhok

This article describes the history of discovery, exploration and subsequent geological study of one of the largest copper-zinc pyrite deposits of the Southern Urals – Novouchalinsk and determination of its position in the regional geologic structures. The authors described geological section of the deposit, including the strata and formation members of volcanogenic rocks of rhyolite-basalt subformations (Karamalytash formation D2ef-zv with horizons) of sulfide ores. The strata of the basalt-rhyolite subformation initially bedded subhorizontally underwent synfolded and rupturing deformations. Leading contemporary structure of the deposit, as well as ore field as a whole, is a compressed, meridionally elongated anticlinal fold. It has the ore controlling value. Fold has inherited the element of western edge of a large buried paleovolcano. At the core of the fold is a fragment of this volcano (the lower basalt strata), which is covered with rhyolite-basalt and overlying strata. The authors characterize leading textural varieties of ores: massive, layered breccia, complex. The article contains the proof that zonal structure of the ore deposit field and features of its concentration within the main ore forming components. Obtained data indicates that that the formation of deposit occurred because of two main processes: sulphide deposits in the areas hydrothermal fluids outputs; and subsequent destruction of the mechanical movement of the ore material. Executed paleoreconstruction of the ore field has allowed identifying three ore extracting centers, over which ore hills formed. Their destruction led to appearance of the brecciated and layered breccia ore. Ores with the highest content of sulfur and copper are localized above the effluent channels of hydrothermal fluids, and enriched with zinc – in the overlying rock and on the flanks of emerging centers. Novouchalinsk deposit is the main backup object of Uchalinsk ore mining and processing enterprise.

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Authors: E. V. Vetrova, L. V. Lapochkina, L. V. Minchenko

The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for improving national economic efficiency of realization of projects of the Arctic on the basis of conceptual proposals on state regulation of the region. Methodical research tools includes statistical and comparative analysis, system analysis, situational analysis of the market, forecasting techniques, methods of peer review. The article presents the research of the role of mining sector in the russian economy and the proof of its raw material nature. Analysis of the global added value chains in the industry showed a low added value of russian companies. Analysis of changes in the structure of the economy based on the advancing coefficients revealed no significant changes in the structure of the economy for the analyzed period. On this basis, the authors concluded that Russian industrial policy in general, and in the Arctic region, in particular is ineffective. The authors identified the problems of formation and implementation of the state industrial policy in the Arctic region, analyzed shortcomings of implemented at this stage state policy in the industrial sector of the Russian Federation. The authors also formulated the conceptual approaches to public policy change in the Arctic on the example of its European part. The basic idea consists of regulating the production chains in such a way as to increase the added value created by the Russian companies involved in the development of the Arctic. At the same time, another problem is solved – the development of the manufacturing industry in the southern regions of the Northwestern Federal District. The study also justifies the necessity of harmonization of the objectives of state regulation of technological chains and companies goals for criteria of improving of national economic efficiency.

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Authors: B. A. Bagirov, A. M. Gadzhiev

Successful implementation of thermic enhanced oil recovery methods requires systematic monitoring of the processes of development of reserves, which is an urgent task of commercial geology. The technique is based on the proposition that if heat carrier is injected into the formation, it must affect not only the formation temperature increase and thereby decrease of viscosity and density of oil, but also lead to changes in nature of formation water mineralization. One should take into account the fact that the movement speed of water in a porous medium will always outpace the speed of thermal conductivity of rocks and its saturating fluid, which will provide more timely and reliable information on the direction of heat carrier flow. The nature of the variation of ionsalt composition depends on the type of heat influence, if steam embeds the formation the salinity of the formation water reduces, and during fire flooding along with a decrease of viscosity and density of oil increases the temperature of the formation water, which increases its chemical activity. Therefore, water produced with the oil, on the background of various salt composition changes, usually has an increased content of ions Na+ + K+ and Cl-. This study allows to reasonably assuming that the thermal influence on layers, in any of its modifications, regardless of their geological heterogeneity, leads to characteristics change in the chemistry of water, which allows making operational changes in development plans using the heat influence. The revealed effect is an argument for including analysis of the hydro-chemical information in the range of research conducted in the course of the heat influence on layers.

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Authors: A. A. Litvinova, M. N. Ignat’eva, L. M. Morozova, M. S. Kubarev

The article is devoted to the economic evaluation of environmental protection functions of specially protected areas (PAs), a part of the total value of the flow of services provided by them. The aim of this study is to improve the methodological tools of economic valuation of protected areas, implementing environmental functions, based on the analysis of methodological approaches to the economic valuation PAs lands, considering the basic features and services of protected areas, identifying of specifics of the flow of ecosystem services within the functional areas of protected areas. Authors analyzed the methodological approach, reflected in the technical and tconomic justification of methodology of state cadastral valuation of land reserves and the Timely method of state cadastral valuation of lands of specially protected territories and objects; disclosed positive and negative aspects of each. The authors proved the feasibility of using mixed methodological approach for the economic evaluation of environmental protection functions of PAs that combines direct assessment method (alternative cost) and indirect one (the establishment of correction coefficients reflecting qualitative characteristics of PAs). One can find the author’s methodological recommendations in this article, which present proposals for defining of specific annual standard for average values of PAs land and the establishment of additional coefficients: the uniqueness coefficient of biodiversity at the regional level, coefficient of conservation value of functional PAs land and environmental significance coefficient of PAs. The authors tested guidelines for conditions of the mountainous part of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District – Yugra within the boundaries of the district Berezovsky.