News of the Ural State Mining University

7-16

Authors: V. A. Dushin

The article contains summarized results of the study of Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic magmatic complexes of the North Urals; there are three age levels of the plume-type intraplate magmatism: Permian-Triassic alkaline-acid (Torasoveysky, Levdievsky, Pon'insky complexes), Triassic-Jurassic trappean (Musyursky, Yatyinsky complexes), and Jurassic-Cretaceous alkaline-basite (Yalyayakhinsky, Marunsky, and Osoveisky complexes). The author shows their confinement to transverse disjunctive structures discordant to the general submeridional structure of the folded system. For the first time the author provides results of studying the isotope age of magmatites and describes their geochemical and metallogenic specializations. Thus, the Late Permian-Early Triassic stage is characterized by the manifestation of alkaline-acidic magmatism and associated mineralization of rare metal-albitite (Ta-Nb-Th-U) with gold and platinoids (Taykeusky, Longotsky deposits), quartz-fluorite and carbonatefluorite (Amderminsky deposit), and gold-copper-molybdenum-porphyry (Levdievsky manifestation) formations. The ore objects of the Triassic-Jurassic stage due to the magmatism of trappean type are represented by small objects of gold-porphyry (Petropavlovsky deposit) formation, as well as by deposits of crystal, Iceland spar (Khasavarka, Pelin-gichey deposit) and agates (Harbeysky-Yagodny manifestation). The productivity of alkaline-basite-ultrabasite magmatism formations, attributed to manifestations of mantle and crust-mantle types, is of interest primarily for their probable diamond content (Nemziyakhinsky complex). In addition, alkalinebasite magmatism is promising for the manifestations of mercury, tungsten-mercury (Malotal'beysky, Sfinks manifestations), gold-quartz-sulfide with platinoids (Penzengoyakhinsky manifestation and others) and quartz-antimonite (Verkhnekhanmeisky, Slavkino ore manifestations) formations. The author makes a conclusion on the connection between the magmatism of the Urals and the processes that occurred in the foundation of the West Siberian plate.

24-33

Authors: V. N. Ogorodnikov, S. G. Sustavov, D. A. Khanin, E. S. Shagalov, Yu. A. Polenov

The first findings of carbonatites in the Ufaleysky complex happened in the late 1980s. Separate bodies of carbonatites are confined to linear fissured zones. According to the structural-textural and mineralogical characteristics, the studied carbonatites belong to one of three types: carbonatite-I – calcite, carbonatite-II – calcite-dolomite, and carbonatite-III (nelsonite). Carbonatites of the last type occupy a transversal position relative to the other carbonatites and are represented by dolomite-ankerite carbonates with amphibole, apatite, and microcline. In contrast to the Il'meno-Vishnevogorsky complex, where rare-earth mineralization has cerium specialization, the Ufaleysky carbonatites are associated with subalkaline granitoids and have a distinct yttrium specialization. The authors study in detail the carbonatites and nelsonites in quartz vein deposits of the Ufaleysky metamorphic complex of the Precambrian age, associated with the formation of quartz veins of extremely pure quartz of the Ufaleysky and Yeghustinsky types. The authors established their genetic interrelation with albitites. The article contains the stages of development of carbonatites and nelsonites and their mineralogical composition. For the study of the morphology of crystals and the chemical composition of phlogopite, amphibole, diopside, epidote, magnetite, xenotime, composing carbonatites and nelsonites, the authors used an electron probe microanalyzer, electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The carbonatites and nelsonites have a high concentration of rare earths, yttrium, uranium-thorium, tantalum-niobates, strontium, which is of practical interest as a complex mineralization.

39-43

Authors: M. P. Popov, A. G. Nikolaev

The authors consider the problems of development of phenacite mineralization at the Ural Emerald Mines, which is rather well developed and described in the Mariinsky (Malyshevsky) and Sretensky (Sverdlovsk) emerald-beryllium deposits. Phenacite is widespread in many beryllium deposits, but crystals of jewelry quality, with such large sizes as at the Emerald Mines, form rarely. Despite the prescription of the discovery (1833), and because of the rare occurrence of jewelry quality of crystals, and the presence of more expensive and valuable stones – emeralds and alexandrites – in deposits of the Emerald mines, phenacite remains almost unknown in the precious stones market, and especially abroad. Phenacite mineralization mostly occurs in the micaceous veins represented by gray and greenish-gray phlogopite. Distribution of phenacite in the micaceous veins is extremely uneven. Mineralization is typically nesting. High content of phenacite appears in the micaceous veins, mineral composition of which is mostly phlogopite, veins and concretions of beryllium-containing margarite (B-margarite) and chlorite. Content of phenacite is low in the micaceous veins that include phlogopite, plagioclase, beryl, fluorite, smoky quartz. At the Sretensky deposit is located a vein that refers to a new type of ore bodies of the chrysoberyl-phenacite composition lying in ultrabasic rocks. Unlike emerald-bearing micaceous veins that have a northwestern spread, the chrysoberyl-phenacite ore bodies are oriented in the near-latitudinal direction and have a northern incidence at an angle of 75°–80°. The most common form of phenacite crystals on the Emerald Mines is rhombohedral and short columned. Crystals have a large number of faces. The usual shapes are a hexagonal prism and rhombohedrons. Twin crystals are common, druses, columnar aggregates, and spherulites are characteristic. Phenacite can be colorless or slightly colored in wine yellow, sometimes pinkish, light gray, white, and rarely brown. The color in the crystal can spread non-uniformly. Wine-yellow coloration is not stable; it completely disappears in the light. Most common inclusions in phenacite are clinochlor, ilmenite and pyrrhotite. The work presents spectra of infrared and optical spectroscopy for phenacites of various colors. In addition, the authors show the similarity of gemological properties of the Ural phenacites and crystals from Sri Lanka.

48-52

Authors: A. V. Khokhryakov, A. M. Ol'khovskiy, G. A. Studenok

Typical pollutants, whose content in drainage waters of mining enterprises exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations, are nitrogen compounds - ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen. Their presence in drainage waters is a consequence of the use of explosives based on ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) for preparing the rock mass for excavation. The article presents the results of studies performed in quarries of a large mining enterprise, which justify the possibility of preliminary natural treatment of drainage waters of mining enterprises from nitrogen compounds in exhausted open-cast excavation. Natural purification occurs due to two processes - the first is a natural nitrification of the ammonium ion NH4+ and the nitrite ion NO2- to the nitrate ion NO3- (the nitrate ion represents the least environmental hazard of these nitrogen compounds) with prolonged storage of drainage water in exhausted open-cast excavation in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The second is a dilution of drainage waters in open-cast excavation by natural underground waters and atmospheric precipitation entering it in a natural way. The results of the studies given in the article became the foundation for the development of the project for the enterprise purification system for drainage water, which successfully passed state expertise and is currently being implemented. The use of preliminary natural treatment of drainage water from nitrogen compounds in exhausted open-cast excavation significantly reduced the cost of the project and subsequent post-treatment at specialized biological treatment facilities, which is especially important in the current economic situation.

57-59

Authors: Cheban A. Yu.

Using the explosions is the main way to prepare solid rocks for the excavation, and that results in the formation of a rock mass of uneven granulometric composition, which makes it impossible to use a conveyor quarry transport without the preliminary large crushing of the rock mass obtained during the explosion. A way to achieve the greatest technical and economic effect is the full conveyorization of quarry transport, what, in this case, ensures the sequenced-flow of transport operations, automation of management and high labor productivity. The extraction-and-loading machines are the determining factor in the performance of mining and transport machines in the technological flow of the quarry. When extracting a blasted rock mass with single-bucket excavators or loaders working in combination with bottom-hole conveyors, one uses self-propelled crushing and reloading units of various designs to grind large individual parts to fractions of conditioning size. The presence of a crushing and reloading unit in the pit-face along with the excavator requires an additional space for its placement, complicates the maneuvering of the equipment in the pit-face, and increases the number of personnel and the cost of maintaining the extraction-and-reloading operations. The article proposes an improved method for carrying out the extraction-and-loading process, as well as the design of extraction-and-grinding unit based on a quarry hydraulic excavator. The design of the proposed unit makes it possible to convert the cyclic process of scooping the rock mass into the continuous process of its loading on the bottom-hole conveyor. Using the extraction-and-grinding unit allows one to combine the processes of excavation, preliminary crushing and loading of the rock mass, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of mining operations.

65-68

Authors: A. V. Ugol'nikov, I. L. Shchekleina, A. E. Gorelova

The objective of any enterprise is a reduction of production costs, encouraging investments for implementation of new advanced technologies for extraction, processing and transportation of raw materials, reproduction of an effective mineral and raw materials base. At concentrating plants, the final process of minerals processing is the dehydration of pulps. This process has large economic costs due to the expenses on electricity and filter cloth of vacuum filters. The most promising is the replacement of vacuum filters by such devices that dehydrate the pulp using a running magnetic field effect. Using such a device will significantly improve the quality of iron ore concentrate, reduce the loss of useful component and the cost of electrical energy, exclude the costs of filter cloth and thereby reduce the production cost. The principle of operation of such dehydration devices is that the magnetic particles, getting into the range of running magnetic field, begin to move against the direction of this field. In this paper, the authors propose to replace the vacuum filter with a dehydration device for ferromagnetic pulps based on the action of running magnetic field. This device allows reducing capital costs, repair costs and consumables costs. The calculation shows that the replacement of existing equipment with a new one leads to an annual economic effect in operating costs. Based on purely economic considerations, replacing to the dehydration device is a reliable investment.

76-79

Authors: S. N. Zharikov, V. A. Kutuev

The authors consider the issue of ensuring the quality of crushing rock mass by drilling and blasting method for high productivity of a cyclic link of a cyclic-flow technology complex. The article contains recommendations for calculating certain parameters of drilling and blasting operations, such as the width of the retaining wall Bp. s, the collapse with account for the retaining wall Вr, the width of the collapse of the rock mass Bf when blasting onto a free surface (for the first row of vertical wells and for the first series of inclined wells), the width of the collapse from the first series of wells B1, the deceleration time τ, the coefficient kβ that takes into account the incline angle of wells β to the horizon. The authors prove the expediency of using a retaining wall in explosions of technological blocks. The authors raise the question about the management of detonation characteristics of explosives produced in the field of application for the most rational impact of an explosion on a rock massif. Since the technological schemes for preparing the rock mass to the excavation, which ensure the high-performance operation of the cyclic link of the cyclic-flow technology, can be different, then the choice of a specific drilling and blasting circuit is depends on the geological conditions and elements of the development system. As a preliminary method of breaking, one can consider the explosion of charges along the diagonal (diagonal blasting schemes) on the retaining wall. This method provides sufficient reliability of technological explosions, and with the development of modern means of blasting with decelerations between charges of more than 67 ms, there are nearly no back emissions.

85-92

Authors: M. S. Kubarev

This article considers the stages in the relationship between a person (society) and nature from the position of forming directions of nature management. The author proposes to distinguish five stages. For each stage, the author justifies the type (model) of economic development, the nature of person (society) and nature interaction, institutional support and direction of nature management. At the first stage (the Old Stone Age), a person’s moral attitude to nature, its deification, harmonization of relationships, the presence of only direction - resource consumption, takes place. At the second stage, a person separates himself from the natural world, the anthropogenic impact increases, certain restrictive measures for protecting fauna and flora appear, and separate facts of protection of natural resources supplement resource consumption and resource management. At the third stage, frontal economy starts functioning, the person considers himself the creator of nature, and the first environmental acts on reserving appear. The use of natural resources is complemented with the expansion of the protection of natural resources and their renewal. At the fourth stage, the environmental model of the economy replaces the frontal economy. The human continues to conquer nature, considering it a natural resources storehouse, special management apparatus appears, law-making activities stir up, financing and performing scientific research expand widely. Among the directions of nature management are the use of natural resources, transformation, renewal (restoration), nature protection, including reserving. The fifth stage includes implementation of the transition to a model of sustainable development, the environmental and economic system becomes the object of management, and humanity becomes aware of the importance of nature, (the mechanism of biotic regulation), the need for biosphere compatibility, and the development of institutional provision. The reserving begins to play an independent role.

97-101

Authors: L. A. Mochalova, D. A. Grinenko, V. V. Yurak

The authors consider the problem of the formation and placement of solid municipal waste (SMW), which becomes more and more relevant year by year for Russia, including the Sverdlovsk region. Referring to foreign experience, the authors note that in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to form an effective management system for SMW, which should be based on corresponding normative legal acts. The authors consider the organizational and economic aspects of reforming the SMW handling sphere. In particular, there is a need to develop processing infrastructure. In order to activate this process, the authors propose to increase the allocation of budget funds to this area of tariffs for the placement of SMWs at polygons and the amount of penalties for improper waste handling. One of the steps to the formation of an effective organizational and economic mechanism for SMW management in Russia is the possibility of introducing an environmental fee, which manufacturers and importers of goods have to pay when they do not provide for self-disposal of waste from the use of goods or they have not met the established standards for waste management.

108-112

Authors: V. I. Golik, Yu. I. Razorenov

Месторождения юга России являются одними из первых по времени промышленного освоения минерально-сырьевой базы Российского государства. Сегодняшняя общая проблема их разработки заключается в ослаблении темпов или полном прекращении эксплуатации. Прекратили свою производственную деятельность Садонский свинцово-цинковый, Тырныаузский вольфрамо-молибденовый комбинаты, в глубоком социально-экономическом кризисе оказался Восточный Донбасс, переходят на подземный способ разработки предприятия Курской магнитной аномалии. Проблемы горного производства в регионах юга России объясняется радикальным изменением отношений: изменением конъюнктуры металлов на рынке, ограничением условий торговли и обмена, угрозой минеральной безопасности России и другими факторами. Южно-Российский государственный политехнический университет решает проблемы обеспечения конкурентоспособности добычи угля в условиях становления рынка при ухудшении сортности угля и снижении производственной мощности при реструктуризации производства, а также предотвращения деградации окружающей среды под влиянием горных работ. Разрабатываются научные основы комплексной переработки хвостов углеобогащения с выпуском товарной продукции для поддержания экономики шахт, эксплуатирующих месторождения углей невысокого качества. Северо-Кавказский государственный технологический университет решает вопросы восстановления горного производства на месторождениях регионов СКФО и других регионов, использования селективной выемки богатых руд и выщелачивания бедных и некондиционных руд; утилизации отходов горно-металлургического производства и др. Основой технологической модернизации горного производства юга России должны стать инновационные технологии добычи и переработки первичного сырья и хвостов обогащения и металлургии с использованием малозатратных методов, эффективность которых будет определяться не столько приростом добычи металла из обогащенных участков, сколько полнотой использования недр. В вопросах подготовки горных специалистов университеты юга России активно сотрудничают друг с другом, с Фрайбергской горной академией, университетами Китая, Казахстана и других стран, а также с научными подразделениями своих контрагентов-предприятий.

119-120

Authors: V. V. Filatov

122-127

Authors: A. G. Shorin

Заключительная часть статьи посвящена истории зданий, которые не входят в число учебных корпусов: это общежития, спортивные сооружения, базы практик. Также рассказывается о попытках создания на базе вуза Университетского городка и создания Студенческого городка.

7-12

Authors: I. Yu. Badanina, K. N. Malitch, A. V. Antonov, I. N. Kapitonov, V. V. Khiller, S. M. Tuganova, R. K. W. Merkle

Complex Os–Au–U paleoplacers of the Witwatersrand basin, known as the Witwatersrand reefs, have been mined for more than a hundred years. In order to clarify the sources of ore matter, the duration and conditions for formation of platinum-group element (PGE) mineralization this study presents the original data on chemical and Os-isotopic composition in platinum-group minerals (PGM) derived from the Kimberley gold-bearing conglomerate formation located in the upper section of the Central Rand (Turffontein Subgroup of The Central Rand Group). The study employed a number of analytical techniques including electron microprobe analysis, laser ablation and mass spectrometry with ionization in inductively coupled plasma. The 187Os/188Os value in individual PGM grains of various compositions (ruthenium, osmium, iridium, rutheniridosmine, laurite, erlichmanite, unnamed polycomponent solid solutions of the Ru–Os–Ir–Pt ± Fe system) was found to range from 0.10481 ± 0.00006 to 0.10895 ± 0.00006, and 187Re/188Os lower than 0.0004. The studied PGM assemblage is represented by two main groups with mean 187Os/188Os values of 0.10510±0.00026 (n = 11) and 0.10682±0.00046 (n = 23), and a subordinate 187Os /188Os cluster of 0.10871 ± 0.00034 (n = 2). The Os-isotope results identify similar 187Os/188Os values for coexisting Os-bearing PGM pairs including Os-rich alloy and erlichmanite (i. e., 0.10482 ± 0.00002 and 0.10483 ± 0.00002, respectively), Os–Ru–Ir–Pt alloy and laurite (0.10528 ± 0.00002 and 0.10533 ± 0.00003, respectively). 187Os/188Os ages of the PGM, calculated relative to a chondrite universal reservoir (CHUR) model (Chen et al., 1998), vary between 2.73 and 3.33 Ga. Two main PGM groups have mean model TMA CHUR ages of 3.250 ± 0.035 and 3.018 ± 0.062 Ga. Subordinate PGM group is characterized by the third age cluster (2.762 ± 0.046 Ga). The obtained results are consistent with: (i) high-temperature formation of the studied Ru–Os–Ir–Pt alloys, polycomponent solid solutions of the Ru–Os–Ir–Pt (±Fe) system and Ru–Os sulfides, (ii) similarity of the initial Os-isotope composition in coexisting Os-rich alloys and Ru-Os sulfides, (iii) subhondritic Archaean source of platinum-group elements (PGE), and (iv) clastic origin of the studied PGM.

23-27

Authors: L. E. Orolbaeva

Mountain ridges divide the territory into drainage basins within which special natural conditions appear: climatic, geological-hydrogeological, hydrological, ecosystem. The article contains the characteristics of the geological-hydrogeological structure of intermountain artesian basins of Tien-Shan and Pamir-Alai. The author considers factors influencing the formation of water resources of intermountain basins and gives characteristics of river feeding types and main sources of groundwater formation in river valleys. One can see presented hydrodynamic features of basins and a map of geohydrological zoning of the Kyrgyz Republic. Surface and underground waters of mountain geosystems of Tien-Shan and Pamir-Alai are closely and intricately interconnected. For the Tien-Shan basins, the article contains data on the magnitude of the loss of river flow for infiltration and groundwater feeding. The author considers features of formation, movement and unloading of underground water streams of artesian basins, as well as the factors of formation of infiltration losses from riverbeds and supply of groundwater flows. The article presents the analysis of the formation of infiltration losses from riverbeds and discharge of groundwater into rivers. The article also contains a description of the regularity of the confinement of sites with the highest specific losses of river flows to certain river fragments. For the basins of the rivers Chu and Naryn, there is data on the discharge of groundwater into rivers. The study of the features of the interaction of groundwater and surface water based on special hydrometric studies and balance studies has made it possible to identify the types of their interconnections and their connection with specific sections of river valleys of mountain geosystems. The results obtained will allow correct organizing of the formulation and conduct of further research.

34-42

Authors: M. T. Krupenin, S. V. Michurin, A. A. Sharipova, T. Ya. Gulyaeva, V. G. Petrishcheva

The authors conducted a detailed mineralogical-geochemical study (thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis and ICP-MS) of the Magnesium-ferruginous metasomatites of the Avzyan ore region, represented by ferruginous magnesites of the Ismakaevo deposit and the brejnerites of the Bogryashka manifestation. Metasomatites are confined to the primarily limestone Minyak subsuite of the Suran Suite of the Lower Riphean. Iron magnesites contain up to 4% by weight of FeO, braunerites – up to 20.5% by weight of FeO, which the calculation method confirms according to diffractometry data. The authors established significant correlations between elements of the iron group and chalcophile elements, reflecting their increased concentrations in pyrite, widely represented in metasomatites. In addition, the authors noted a strong correlation of thorium with light lanthanides, which happens due to accessory impregnation of monazite. Correlation of carbonate metasomatites with their trace element composition appears in the interrelation of dolomite with strontium, yttrium and lanthanides of the middle-heavy group (Sm–Lu). The article shows three types of distribution of rare-earth elements: dolomite, magnesite and mixed, characterized by a different ratio of light, medium and heavy lanthanides, depending on the position in the metasomatic column. Weak positive values of cerium and europium anomalies in most of the examined groups of metasomatites to some extent confirm the highly reducing nature of the fluids. Geochemical data together with the analysis of the geological structure and development of the region make it possible to associate magnesian-ferruginous metasomatism in the carbonate rocks of the Suran Suite with the processes of remobilization of evaporite brines buried in the Lower Riphean deposits. Intensive interaction of brines with sedimentary and volcanogenic rocks in the tectonically active zone of the Mashak riftogenic graben resulted in their enrichment with various ligands, increase in basicity and more active hydrothermal redeposition in the metasomatic products of the lanthanides of the middle and heavy groups.

47-52

Authors: M. S. Patrakova

The author considers the problem of studying engineering-geological conditions, estimation of stability of rock massifs, forecast of development of engineering-geological processes on the example of the Upper-Aliyinsk deposit. Optimization of the construction of mining enterprises and the process of mining of minerals requires a substantiated assessment of the engineering-geological conditions (EGC) of mineral deposits at the exploration stage: the separation of the main components of the EGC, the determination of the processing processes, the assessment of the scale of their impact, and the forecasting of mining operations in the development of the deposit. Among the main components that require assessment in engineering and geological studies are geological structure of the massif, structural-tectonic features and fracturing, composition and properties of rocks, development of exogenous geological processes, hydrogeological conditions. The analysis of the engineering-geological conditions of the Upper-Aliyinsk deposit made it possible to identify the most significant components, such as the fracturing of rocks and their strength properties, so the author based the classification on the "classification of rocks by the degree of fracture" VSEGINGEO with some additions caused by the specificity of the object under study. The taxonomic unit for zonation was the engineering-geological sections, the basis of which is the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the degree of fracturing of rocks, the evaluation of the strength properties of rocks and their engineering-geological typification. In engineering-geological zoning, the author distinguished 4 categories in the rock massif with different degrees of stability: I – high stability; II – medium stability; III – low stability; IV – very low stability. The share of very stable breeds is from 44.46 to 61.58 %, stable – from 11.98 to 39.8 %. Breeds of low stability are less common – from 5.56 to 15.74 %. Unstable breeds are extremely rare and their share is 3.97 %. An objective assessment of all the components that make up the engineering-geological conditions of the Upper-Aliyinsk deposit will make it possible to make the most correct and objective forecast.

57-62

Authors: V. I. Golik, V. I. Komashchenko, Yu. I. Razorenov, N. G. Valiev

Technologies for leaching metals from ores have a number of advantages over traditional technologies, the main ones of which are the possibility of sharp increase in the raw material base, minimization of damage to the environment and increase in the completeness of subsoil resources. The article contains analysis of the state of this problem according to the literature data, the results of experiments that the authors helped to conduct and the developed forecast for the development of the established concept. The authors formulated the global problem of wasteless and complex use of subsoil mineral resources. The authors indicate a promising direction of metal recovery by leaching them with reagents with a change of the phase state. The article presents systematized new data on the industrial and experimental development of technology options with leaching on uranium mines in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, as well as in the polymetallic mines of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The authors propose a suitability typification of technologies for leaching purposes. The fields of application of these results are deposits of non-ferrous, rare and noble relatively easily opened metals, and deposits of metal containing tailings of ore enrichment.

67-70

Authors: S. N. Kostarev, T. G. Sereda

The development of models for constructing automated control systems for electric drives of oil production mechanisms currently gains great attention for the purposes of improving the safety and productivity of oil production equipment. For transmission of telemetry system (TMS) data, industrial buses are common, for example, Fieldbus, what allowes solving the problems of frequency regulation by the electric drive, but complicates the general control system. In this paper, the authors consider using as TMS a borehole cable as a medium for data transmission. The authors have developed simulation models of digital signal transmission. To transmit the information signal, there are various models of modulation: amplitude, phase, frequency, etc. For improving the quality of information transfer, one should use filters, for example the Barker filter, the digital cosine filter, the moving average filter. The Barker filter has the best selectivity, but at the same time, the largest amount of service information. To solve the problem of increasing noise immunity of transmitted data and complicating the filter by the degree of interference, the authors proposed the modulation of the information signal using the operator ⊕ (XOR). The conducted experiments on the levels of modulation/noise showed satisfactory results. To solve the tasks of monitoring and controlling the electric drive of the drill, the authors proposed an industrial controller programmed according to the IEC61131-3 standard. The authors developed the relay-contact scheme (RCS) for monitoring the critical parameters of the drive, which affect the safety of the downhole electric motor when drilling wells. Simulation of the operation of the RCS using the operator panel was successful.

75-77

Authors: S. A. Timukhin, E. O. Churakov, A. O. Islent'ev

The authors consider mine sectional centrifugal pumps, in particular, features of the stress-strain state of the shafts of two-flow and single-flow pumps. Due to the development of mine sectional dual-flow pumps, there is a need for a comparative evaluation of the stress-strain state of the shafts. Such an assessment should precede the development and construction of a pump design of any series, since sufficient strength and stiffness of the shaft ensure a stable operation of the pump rotor, and consequently the entire pump unit as a whole. The article presents the stresses of three components: the stresses from bending, torsion and axial force. The authors separately consider the stresses from the axial force for two variants of the pump impellers being fit on the shaft. With loose fit, the stresses from the axial force are distributed evenly over the entire length of the shaft, and with interference fit tensions increase stepwise depending on the number of impellers. In double-flow pumps, the axial force will be half that in comparison with similar single-flow pumps. For interference fit, the nature of tension stresses differs significantly. The authors present equivalent shaft stresses of the pump types under consideration. The authors carried out a comparative evaluation of the equivalent stresses of single-flow and double-flow centrifugal section pumps on the example of CNS-300-600 and CNSD-600-300 pumps. Estimates show that equivalent stresses are lower in CNSD pumps than in CNS pumps, which indicates more favorable operating conditions for their shafts and that the design of dual-flow pumps is more perfect.

82-87

Authors: A. V. Zhabko

The work is devoted to establishing the regularities of plastic deformation of solids. The author proposes using the functions of surface fluidity and plastic potential, based on his earlier studies. The limiting surface for these functions is the surface of destruction of solids (rocks), described by well-known Coulomb law. In fact, the proposed function is the law of plastic deformation of solids. The author analytically proves that during the process of plastic deformation, a reversal of the structural elements of a solid occurs. These studies explain some of the inconsistencies one observes during rock testing for strength. The author substantiates the possibility of using the rotation of structural elements during plastic deformation for predicting and controlling fracture processes. The article contains energy variational principle of destruction of solids. Based on it, there is the laconic explanation of the appearance of ring structures near some mine workings - the phenomenon of zonal disintegration of rocks. The author proposes a dependence for calculating the scale factor of this phenomenon. The author substantiates the geometric proximity of the slip surface shape in the slopes to the circle arc. In deriving the equations, the author used the fundamental laws and principles of mechanics in a rigorous mathematical formulation of problems.

92-95

Authors: O. V. Kosolapov, L. V. Vlasova

The authors substantiate the relevance of studies on the assessment of the environmental hazard of facilities that have anthropogenic impact on the environment, including mining enterprises, negatively affecting all its constituent elements. The factors of influence along with the factors of perception and state determine the amount of economic damage, so there is a need to predict the level of environmental hazard. The authors propose a method for rapid assessment of environmental hazards, involving the theory of fuzzy sets, taking into account that in addition to the estimated factors that determine the nature of the environmental hazard of the facility, a much larger number of unaccountable factors influence its formation. The article contains a list of fundamental principles and an algorithm for implementing the proposed guidelines. According to the algorithm, one should successively perform the following operations: the choice of factors causing the environmental hazard of the facility, the substantiation of the classifier of the levels of evaluated factors, the recognition of factor levels based on the binary number system, determining the importance of factors, determining the weight of the identified subsets of factors, calculation of the integral indicator characterizing ecological hazard, construction of an environmental hazard classifier, according to which the obtained integral indicator corresponds to a certain level of environmental hazard. For example, according to the proposed step-by-step methodological recommendations, the authors determine the level of environmental hazard of JSC "Southern Mining Processing plant". The performed calculations make it possible to estimate it as average.

104-108

Authors: R. A. Dolzhenko

The author analyzes CDIO concept - a new integrated approach to engineering education, describes the history of its formation, presents interim results of its implementation in the national universities, as well as the directions for further use in the Russian Federation. The paper contains analysis of the dynamics of academic publications on the topic of CDIO in Russia and abroad, provides a list of foreign journals that highlightened this subject was the most, has the reviews of the most quoted scientific papers that reflect the content of CDIO initiative. The author describes the advantages of CDIO concept and the content of this approach to engineering education, which is spreading in foreign universities and appears in a number of Russian educational organizations. From the point of view of the creators of CDIO, this approach will help to educate such a future graduate of the university, who can come up with a new product or a new technical idea, carry out all the design work for its implementation, and introduce the result into production. The article also highlights a list of factors that hamper the development of CDIO in Russian pedagogical practice. The author proposes a set of recommendations and an algorithm for the introduction of this approach to the Russian university practice. In order to implement the CDIO in its practice, the university must first verify its activities for compliance with CDIO standards, which set out 12 directions for implementing this initiative and possible levels of their evaluation. The analysis showed that the formalized procedure for joining the CDIO association does not carry significant preferences for the educational organization, while CDIO open standards will improve its activities.

114-117

Authors: V. V. Filatov

120-123

Authors: D. A. Kleymenov, Yu. A. Polenov, V. V. Grigor'ev, V. I. Kaynov, L. I. Pozdnyakova

7-13

Authors: E. N. Volchek, E. A. Slobodchikov, V. N. Ogorodnikov, Yu. A. Polenov, V. S. Chervyakovskiy

The studied sections of Middle Paleozoic volcanoes are located within the eastern area of the Middle Urals, where thick strata of volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks is widespread, from the Silurian to Upper Carboniferous inclusively. Cut of the Devonian-Carboniferous rocks on the river Pyshma site attracts attention due to several factors. Metamorphosed volcanic and volcanic-sedimentary complexes of Middle Devonian and Early Carboniferous age developed relatively weakly here. The good preservation of the products of ancient volcanic eruptions allows us to estimate nature and tendency of the volcanic activity during this period. In addition, the studied territory has a wellknown promising ore sites, and scientists already studied and described the petrographical composition and chemistry of the volcanic rocks from geological sections of the Pyshma River. Geochemical data on them were absent until recently. We obtained new petrogeochemical data on Middle Paleozoic volcanic rocks, including those containing scattered sulphide mineralization, from geological sections along the Pyshma River and its tributaries. Compared to the average ocean tholeiites (N-MORB) studied basalts are enriched with large-ion elements (Rb, Ba, Sr, Th) and are depleted with highly charged elements (Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf). Their analysis showed that by the content of petrogenic and trace elements studied lithophilic volcanites are close to the island arc formations of modern tectonic environments. One can use conclusions on geodynamics in solving the problem about the nature of the mineralization manifested here. The most interesting in Sukholozhsky area is the Shatinsky ore station, where we identified iron pyrite and of copper-zinc mineralization with the industrial content, found layers of rubble ore, hematite rocks with inclusions of cupreous pyrite.

19-22

Authors: S. G. Sustavov, D. A. Khanin, E. S. Shagalov

The subject of study is a rare primary phosphate of strontium and aluminum – goyazite. Currently, in the Urals there are several findings of this mineral, which in varying degrees characterize this rare strontium phosphate. The paper contains a detailed description of the first discovered goyazite at the Berezovsky gold deposit. Flattened rhombohedral crystals of pinkish-red goyazite are growing on quartz crystals with the formation of induction surfaces of shared growth. Grains of goyazite occur as chains in beresites in the form of small chains. In the description of morphology, authors described in detail the simple forms that developed on the crystals, and their sculpture. The study of the chemical composition of the mineral showed that along with the main goyazite mineral, there are impurity minerals present – svanbergite and crandallite. In the related dolomite authors established typomorphic particulars of the chemical composition, reflecting the influence of surrounding rocks. Diffraction study shows that the exact diagnostics of the minerals in the group is possible only if their chemical composition is available. Authors calculated the parameters of elementary cell of the mineral and identified their specific parameters. All discoveries of previously found goyazite are confined to terrigenous rocks, greisens, pegmatites and carbonatites. This is the first occurrence of the mineral in hydrothermal gold deposit. The interrelation with the minerals surrounding goyazite shows its formation of the final stages of a second, quartz-pyrite mineral assemblage. Local and weak development of goyazite in quartz-dolomite veins, apparently, is due to the low content of strontium in the enclosing volcanic and sedimentary rocks, from which it was retrieved later by hydrothermal solutions. The work will serve to clarify the mineralogy and geochemistry of the classical gold deposit of the Urals.

27-31

Authors: T. R. Akhmedov

The article is devoted to forecasting of hydrocarbon potential of the geological section using seismic inversion. The aim of our research is to develop a new approach to the seismic inversion, to determine the place of projected well location. The article briefly reviews existing in the world practice methods of seismic inversion, among which AVO data inversion method stands out. All these methods have one drawback – using the data of well logging (WL) in the final stage of processing, and scientists consider that the processed seismic data has optimum quality. Even if it has a good quality, it is evident that its resolution is much lower. We eliminated these drawbacks in our approach, and we used WL data in the processing of seismic data in order to improve the signal/noise ratio. Software package "AZERI" processes and interprets materials of seismic prospecting and WL, as well as provides seismic inversion. This article contains a brief description of the developed algorithms and programs based on it, which we named "AZERI". The developed method of seismic inversion was applied on one of the areas of the Apsheron Peninsula of Azerbaijan. After showing the outline of studied area, we give the main results of the use of "AZERI". We divided studied cut to the upper part, including precipitation covering the Miocene sediments, and the lower part, covering zone of abnormally high pore pressure (AHPP), which includes Miocene deposits, for the upper part the areas where AR (apparent resistivity) is above 10 ohm-meters are high-resistant, and for the lower part these are the areas with AR higher than 2 ohm-meters (2). The obtained data leads to the conclusion that the most appropriate place for laying of the projected new well is the point of intersection of lines 132 and 368 of 3D seismic prospecting, since the interpretation of the seismic inversion data using PRIZMA package showed that the oil-bearing part of Kale suite at this point covers the depth interval of 4060–4115 m with total capacity of this interval being about 15 m. Under this interval, Miocene deposits also are oil-bearing.

37-43

Authors: M. E. Kolchina, V. E. Konovalov, N. V. Kolchina

The subject of research of this article are the issues of ensuring the safety of life of population and organization of the rational land management in cities, on whose territory are/were carried out the works on extraction of minerals, in the areas of influence of underground mine working – in dangerous anthropogenic areas. The purpose of research is to show that the resolution of these problems is possible only through a complex planning, based on the analysis and assessment of land condition (earth's surface) in the undermining areas and forecasts for their change. The article analyzes the methods and principles of land-use planning in the industrial cities of Russia and abroad, the problems of modern land use and development in Ural cities with undermined territories, and identifies the causes of these problems. Based on the diverse researches in the area of the negative impact of mining on land condition, cadaster(registration of real estate and areas with special conditions of use of the territories), land management, urban planning and economy of land use, authors prepared proposals to resolve the question of ensuring the safety of population life in dangerous technogenic areas and organization of the rational land use within the boundaries of these areas. In particular, ensuring the safety of human lives in such cities is possible through land-use planning in the areas of influence of underground mining, taking into account their level of danger, as well as the regulation of land use and development in these areas. For this, authors propose in the first place to locate the boundaries of technogenic areas of different danger level for the land use and development, and then develop a list of restrictions on land use and development, set restrictions on the rights of land plots located in these areas. Given that currently there are significant problems in Ural cities of Berezovsky, Berezniki, Krasnoturinsk and Solikamsk, special focus of this article is on the question of ensuring the safety of life of population on the built up areas – authors offer the complex of organizational and legal measures and activities. During the planning of usage of urban lands with undermined territories, one must take into account such a factor that the real estate (land plots and objects of capital construction) nowadays is the main source of local budget formation. In this regard, the article contains prepared proposals for the most efficient use of lands (land plots) on the undermined territories, and calculations confirm its viability. Authors conclude that ensuring the safety of life of the population and rational land management in the areas of influence of underground mining can be achieved through integrated planning (urban and economic planning) of land use.

50-54

Authors: B. P. Golubko, A. V. Gal'yanov, A. E. Bannikov

The paper presents the developed method of instrumental observations over deformations of dump and the new mathematically founded method of field measurements. A basis of the presented method is linearly resection and indirect trigonometric leveling. This decreases twice or thrice time of conducting field meas-urements in comparison with traditional methods of geometrical leveling, and time of cameral data processing in electronic form. It allows one to capture full reference point position in space, and, given the large number of observed points, allows a deeper analysis of geodynamic processes of the dump. Using the observation station of areal type, shortened effective observation intervals and the measurement technique provided an opportunity to build three-dimensional models of the displacement velocity. It allowed determining locations of maximum shear rates in the area of mining and transport equipment location. As the main criterion for safety of mining operations authors accepted marginal inclination values of excavator working area, the longitudinal and transverse inclination of railway track. According to the calculated displacement velocity, model authors calculated locations of the manifestations of critical deformations of dump massif, and the time after which the platform will get a critical slope. The presented innovations in the observations of internal dump lay the foundation of a new monitoring concept of these dangerous technogenic objects, which will allow efficiently eliminating the effect of the negative features of geomechanical monitoring of internal dumps.

59-61

Authors: O. G. Latyshev, D. V. Prishchepa

Designing the parameters of technology of development of mineral deposits is based on rock properties, usually determined in laboratory conditions on the samples of small volume. When considering the processes involving significant amounts of rock one should account for the scale effect. Applied to strength characteristics of rocks, this effect consists in nonlinear decrease in strength with an increase in volume, and its assessment bases on the statistics of extreme values determined by the probability nature of crack distribution by size. Based on the method of fluorescent inspection, authors studied the characteristics of the fracture structure of rocks. Authors found out that Cauchy distribution describes the probability characteristics of cracks. Taking into account the parameters of this distribution, authors suggest the equation of scale effect, which takes into account the heterogeneity of fractured structure of rocks. One can find the results of experimental studies showing adequacy of the proposed method for evaluating the scale effect. The results allow evaluating strength of the rock mass of various volumes in designing the processes of mining technology.

65-67

Authors: O. G. Blinkov, S. G. Frolov, S. A. Mayorov

The article presents results of the study of volume-stressed state of the supporting elements of bit by using polarization-optical method of stress analysis. In order to improve bit design one requires accurate and complete information about the stressed state of its basic elements. Authors applied the technology of "freezing" (fixation) the stress-strain state of the model of considered construction of elements of roller-cone drill bits. Polarization-optical method used for determining the stresses in the bit support is particularly effective in the study of stress concentration for the selection of the optimal shape, size and mass of structures during their design. Using this information one can increase reliability of the basic elements by reducing stress in areas of its concentration. The developed method of research on the "frozen" models gives an overall picture of the stress state of bit elements under axial load. In this case, the tangential stresses in the structure is insignificant, however, the maximum meridional stresses exceeding the yield point occur in the 1st leg in a zone of connection with the cone pin. In this zone elastic-plastic deformations occur, the value of which one can reduce, for example, by increasing the coupling radius of respective surfaces.

72-75

Authors: A. V. Semenkin

Earlier studies on the efficiency of the use of different equipment of cyclic-and-соntinuous technology (CCT) (conveyor, crushing, rattling, etc.) for any quarries do not have a general idea of the preferred conditions of use of CCT systems in various mining and technical conditions. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to establish the dependences of change in the CCT systems cost from major mining and technical conditions (annual capacity, lifting height and form of the rock mass), taking into account the time factor. Their analysis will allow substantiating the rational conditions for the use of these complexes in comparison with the base variant – excavatorautomobile complex. This article describes accounting of the time factor in the analysis of exploitation options for complexes of cyclical and cyclic-and-соntinuous technology (CCT) for open cast mining of solid minerals deposits. Author considers the excavator-automobile complex EAC) as a complex of cyclical technology. Accounting for the time factor takes place during the calculation of the exploitation cost of CCT and EAC complexes. The study substantiates optimization period and reduction factors (discount rate) of capital and operating costs. The reduction coefficient of capital costs takes into account the rise of equipment price over time, which is mainly due to the inflationary processes. In calculations, this ratio is equal to 1.06. The peculiarities of exploitation of various equipment stipulate the reduction coefficient of operating costs. Based on the operating experience of mining transportation equipment for quarries, reduction coefficient for dump trucks with carrying capacity of 45 and 80 tons in calculations is 1.2 and 1.15, respectively, and for crushing, conveyor and excavating equipment it is 1.06. By graphic dependences of the cost changes on the example of complexes usage in the development of bedrock overburden author established that at the same tendencies of relative unit costs change for the current year and for the discounted, the latter substantially increase. The intensity of increase of the relative discounted costs of CCT complexes is lower than costs of EAC complexes. For the CCT complexes, discounted costs in considered conditions increase by 1.5–1.7 times, and for the EAC complexes – by 1.7–2 times. The research results can later be used in the justification of preferred terms of use of the CCT complexes, and are also useful for employees of mining enterprises, scientific-research and design organizations.

84-87

Authors: V. G. Loginov, R. B. Rudakov, N. D. Koroteev

Implementation of the complex project "Ural Industrial – Ural Polar" included the creation of industrial and infrastructural complex based on the development of natural raw material resources of Subpolar and Polar Urals and construction of the key elements of core transport and energy infrastructure. Based on available scientific and practical data related to the development of the North, Natural Resources Ministry of Russian Federation and Federal Agency on Subsoil Use has proposed to begin an active formation in the Polar and Polar Urals of centers of economic development, without which development of the territories with underdeveloped infrastructure and low population density is not possible. The aim of the development of deposits in the framework of economic development centers was: expansion of the mineral resource base; improvement of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the macro-economic development of the region; increasing the investment attractiveness of the region; improving living standards; ensuring the financial sustainability of the region. However, the available economic evaluations did not confirm the effectiveness of the development of most of the discovered fields, which was due to a provision of identified reserves and other factors. The most attractive are just a few of them, in particular, the Neroysky deposit of vein quartz, on the basis of which now forms the high-tech production of especially pure quartz concentrates and complete cycle for the production of quartz crucibles and other quartz products. For this project, the Government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District – Yugra provides the establishment of necessary scientific, technical, economic and resource conditions. The solution of this task will provide one of the strategic raw materials to the domestic industry, the need for which with a high-tech industry growth is increasing every year.

94-99

Authors: M. S. Kubarev

This paper clarifies the concept of the natural system, serving as an object of nature management and the role of each component belonging to it. The author considers natural systems from the perspective of the specific features of the ecosystems and geosystems, of which the latter shows a larger number of interrelations and has a more multi-faceted concept. The article also reveals essence of the vertical and horizontal structure of geosystem, main functions and features, among which stands the integrity and stability. The focus stays on the characteristics of the natural potential, performing the socio-economic functions and determining the direction of nature management. The author recommends allocation of the three types of potentials: prospective, real economically feasible and real environmentally feasible, which is a part of the previous one, but includes the natural resource and environmental resource potentials. Real economically feasible potential describes the ability of natural resources to meet the human need on the condition of economic profitability and technical availability. The real environmentally feasible potential determines the mass of natural resources that one can use without disturbing their internal relations, functions and features that are part of the real economically feasible potential. Finally, a perspective potential is the ability of natural resources to satisfy human needs in the future, when it would be cost-effective and/or technically possible. Such an approach allows considering the development of natural potential while respecting natural ecosystems preservation conditions, their bioregulation ability. Lack of a clear understanding of the economic valuation of ecosystem services does not allow justifying the value of their real economically feasible potential, but does not exclude the recognition of the need to introduce environmental restrictions on its use. As follows from the practice, the combination of resources, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, the role of various resources determines the most favorable conditions for the development of certain types of resources, and the preferred type of developed resource defines the economic direction of the territorial-industrial complex.

104-108

Authors: Yu. A. Polenov, V. N. Ogorodnikov

2017 год – год 80-летия начала планомерного изучения территории СССР с целью выявления месторождений пьезооптического кварца. Необходимость ускорения поисков таких месторождений вызывалась острой политической обстановкой в мире. Ведущее положение в решении этих проблем всегда оставалось за Уралом. На территории Урала организация геологоразведочных и добычных работ осуществлялась из двух центров. Работами на Приполярном Урале руководило производственное объединение «Северкварцсамоцветы», а на Северном, Среднем и Южном Урале – производственное объединение «Уралкварцсамоцветы». Героический труд кварцевиков Урала достоин того, чтобы о нем знали и гордились сделанным. Уходит время, уходят люди, но остаются результаты их труда.

126-129

Authors: N. V. Khisamutdinova

The article describes the biography of Boris Pentegov, an outstanding chemist, an engineer of the chemical industry, a professor of the higher education. He came to Vladivostok with the Ural Mining Institute in the Civil war to become one of the founders of science and higher education in the Russian Far East. He has also organized the first scientific chemical school there. His scientific interests were devoted to the most urgent items of that time – research on local nature resources. He manifested himself as a talented researcher of mineral resources, fish supplies, etc. as well a good engineer in organizing iodine extraction from laminaria, local winemaking and canned fish production. Most of his scientific and technological ideas hasn’t lost their significance till now.

9-12

Authors: V. A. Dushin

Information on the important of updating the serial legends during creation of modern Gosgeolmap- 200/2 is given in the article. Based on the experience of carrying out medium scale geological-surveying works on specific examples (ASE-200 sheets P-40-XII, P-40-VI) a necessity of carrying out this procedure that influences geological-metallogenic and search aspects of geologist-surveyors activity is shown. Thus, updating of serial legend of North-Uralsk series of sheets, based on our opinion should be based on the results of up-to-date works, especially in the part of specifying the location in the cut-section of Pre-Cambrian volcanogenic and intrusive rocks, that are indicators of geodynamical environments. An important element in this regard are both presence of volcanics (up to 10 %) in the cutsection of Khobeinskaya formation as well as breakdown of polyformation salnero-manhambovskiy granite-leuco granite complex of Vendian Cambrian on mid-late Riphean Manhambovskiy granite complex and Vendian- mid cambrian Salenrian granite-leiko granite complex. Geological and isotopic-geochronological proofs of similar differentiation are carried out. No less important matter that was raised in the article is the metallogenic aspect that directs researchers to search a complex uran-thorium – rare metal mineralization due to the unconformability in framing granitoids of Manhambovskiy massif and especially the uranium mineralization of hypogene-hypergene unconventional type in its endocontact. The presented information is an example of improving the serial legend as a tool to receive new geological information that directly influences the increase of common geological and prospecting efficiency when making Gosgeolmap-200/2 of new generation, that is directing geologists on uncovering new oftentimes unknown mineralization types in the region. New ideas that are implemented in actualized serial legends allow to considerably increase the common geological and prospecting efficiency of regional works.

18-24

Authors: Kh. Mukhtarova, G. D. Nasibova

In order to determine the perspective based on new geological and geophysics data geological development was analyzed, reservoir characteristics of rocks were studied and correlation of cut-sections of Mishovdag structure of Lower Kurinskaya basin were done based on well data. As a consequence of the carried out paleoanalysis it was identified that the Mishovdag structure was developing simultaneously with deposition of sediments which proves its consedimentation. The carried out petrophysical studies showed that the lithofacies of rocks, that form layers change based on the sizes of flakes, meaning that coarse grained litofacies changes to fine-grained from legs to the crest. The characteristic of variability of penetrability of rocks along the horizons is that it occurs at long intervals. Based on the correlation of the well cut-sections widespread development of the effective capacities of PT deep horizons on the eastern arch and crestal parts of the Mishovdag anticline can be assumed. It should be mentioned that the drilled wells to the present day comprise wing and periclinal parts of the plications, upstructure portion of the Mishovdag deposit where main reserves of hydrocarbons along the PT-I horizon are concentrated was not encompassed by the deep exploratory drilling (since main wells in this part were drilled up to PT-I-PT-II). Based on the carried out explorations we can safely assume that the eastern crest portion where deep drilling on deep PT horizons weren’t made, new deposits of hydrocarbons will be detected.

31-34

Authors: O. V. Elokhina, V. A. Elokhin

Examined places: cinder dump, that is located on a high rock-defended coast of Pyshma river 250 m away from the river slope in the region of Sukhoy Log and waste deposit of solid industrial wastes that is located in depleted pit on the section of organized discharge of waste waters by the companies on the left coast of Iset river in Kamensk-Uralskiy. The purpose of the research was determining the level of impact of industrial wastes that are placed in depleted pits on the quality of surface waters. Main methods of researches were: field hydrochemical sampling and laboratory investigation of received results of laboratory investigations of collected water samples. In 2013 hydrochemical sampling of surface waters (8 samples were collected) in the storage area of slug dump was done in 2 spots: site 1 (100 m above the Eighteen water samples were selected for the purpose of studying the quality of surface and discharge waters and detecting the level of influence of discharged water on the quality of water in Iset river, which includes: 9 samples of waste-waters from series 1-3, three samples were taken from the pit and six samples from the Iset river - above and below of the disposal. In order to determine the level of influence of slag dump on the quality of water in the Pyshma river and solid industrial waste disposal site on the quality of water in Iset river accumulation factors were estimated. Estimations shoed that the researched facilities in various degree influence the quality of surface waters. Received results of environmental monitoring should become the basis of data support for preparation and managerial decision making. A conclusion on the necessity of conducting further environmental monitoring was made.

41-44

Authors: V. A. Davydov

Audio-magnetotelluric soundings (AMTS) are related to high frequency modification of magnetotelluric methods. In order to research low depths (up to 100-200 m) methods of audio-magnetotelluric and magnetic-variation measurements in motion were developed, or with short stops that was called AMTS express-survey. The purpose of the presented work is to determine the information value of various methods of quality and quantitative processing of audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) express-zonings. AMT-measurements in traditional and express options are given for this purpose on the controlled geophysical polygon. The comparison showed that the end results of both options of receiving data do not have great differences. Registered information contains all the necessary data on changing of electrical properties of the cut-section with the depth which allowed to build frequency and depth based cut-sections of various electrical magnetical parameters of the environment and to carry out 1D-2D inversion. Main provisions of the method, applied equipment, brief methods of field works and charts of office analysis of audio-magnetotelluric data are given in the work. Comparison of AMT processing results of express soundings with the present geological-geophysical information showed good convergence both in case of 1D-2D inversion, and in case of qualitative plottings of transformative cut-sections of audio-magnetotelluric and geomagnetic-variation parameters. Specific distinctions of one dimensional and two dimensional geoelectrical cut-sections of vertical electrical soundings (VES) and AMTS were emphasized. It was noted that various types of cut-sections have various characteristics. In order to increase the informative value it is recommended to use both quantitative as well as qualitative options of mapping. Using express option of AMT sounding with fast interpretation in field conditions allows to considerably increase the productivity of electrical magnetical methods of research during prospecting and exploratory drilling geotechnical works.

50-53

Authors: A. V. Zhabko

Existing methods and means of evaluating the stability of slopes only apply to the so called unstrained mountain masses. In other words this means that in the borders of the region, that includes the mined-out pit, stresses are equal to zero. However this only occurs in massive sedimentary sheaths. At the same time, most of the pits for which the recording of tectonic stress fields is necessary, quite deeply embed into crystalline basement of Earth’s crust. Overwhelming majority of researches point at the presence of natural (tectonic) stress fields in the mountain massif, recording of which is not implemented in a single regimented strength calculation method of pit sides in the capacity of boundary conditions. There are also no uniform justified methods of recording hydrogeological factors and seismicity. All of this justifies the relevance of this type of research. In the first part of the article power loads, which occur under the influence of tectonic, seismic and hydrostatic stresses are provided. In the second part of the work general conditions of slope stability are given (displacement prisms) that is subject to the influence of tectonic stresses, seismicity and hydrogeological impact. Tectonic stress fields impact level on the stability of pit sides slopes in comparison with the gravitational field is analyzed. A conclusion is made on a pretty significant negative contribution of tectonic stresses in the stability of open-pit sides.

57-59

Authors: N. F. Dobrynin, T. M. Pimshina

One of the options of combined photogrammetric plotting of single shot and digital model of the aerial view object (DMBO) for solving spatial tasks was examined. Tasks of this type occur (or might occur) during updating of topographical maps, solving engineering and science-application tasks. The latter ones are monitoring of environment, studying of modern active volcanism, reconstruction based on shots of geological processes and list of other tasks. Principle of detecting spatial coordinates of the point based on single shot is quite simple: all you have to do is make equations of the projecting ray and surface close to its meeting with digital microprocessor-based oscilloscope. However realization of this principle becomes complicated by the fact that in order to determine the plane coordinates of meeting point you have to know its height above a specific horizontal plane (or level of Baltic Sea), in order to find the elevation of this point, it is impossible to do it without plane coordinates. Furthermore there is a certain difficulty of searching the DMBO area where the meeting point of projected ray is projected. Resolution of these conflicts is proposed by focused organization of DMBO that is named bit-mapped. The concept of spatial matrix that has three indexes was introduced. With its help it became possible to rigidly connect the coordinates and height points of DMBO with their position on the location and to the memory of computer. This allowed calculating the spatial coordinates of a plotted point by a method of stepwise approximation. Having given the height Z0, invariably higher than any DMBO point, plane coordinates of point in question are determined. After that the numbers of spatial matrix indexes are calculated, and then based on them the area of DMBO where this point is projected based on the coordinates. Now instead of Z0 Z is designated as an arithmetic mean out of a few heights of points that are located close to the one that is identified. And so it goes like this after the indexes of spatial matrix within the neighboring iterations. After that the task on identification of final coordinates of projecting ray contact with DMBO.

63-67

Authors: P. B. Gericke

The present work is based on the results of the analysis of existing results on creation of unified diagnostic criterions that are fit for execution of evaluation of technical condition of energy mechanical equipment of mining machinery and development of mathematic degradation models of measuring the condition of complex mechanical systems. The carried out analysis of diagnostic characteristics that were received during operation of energy-mechanical equipment of mining excavators and diesel-hydraulic drilling installations allowed to group together defects of this type of mining machinery based on 7 main groups which correspond with more than one hundred of diagnostic indicators on vibration parameters. These characteristics were classified and formalized for convenience of use during development of algorithm code of automatized control of complex systems based on parameters of generated mechanical oscillations. As part of execution of this investigation necessity of use of complex diagnostic approach for evaluation of technical condition of mechanisms based on parameters of generated vibration was justified. It was shown that only with the widespread use of modern methods of vibration diagnostics and non-destructive control there is an opportunity for modern flaw detection of mining machinery and development of forecast models and change of their technical condition. Results of conducted investigations peremptorily prove the possibility in principle to create a group of proper unified diagnostic criterions which can be used for execution of short-term forecasting of diagnostic parameters. The developed complex of diagnostic regulations of fault detection based on results of mechanical oscillation parameters and created unified diagnostic criterions of evaluation of condition might serve as the platform for realization of machinery servicing that are based on the analysis of mechanical oscillation parameters, that are developed based on the number of main groups of defects of diagnosed equipment.

72-75

Authors: G. T. Khaphizov, D. A. Kurnosov, S. G. Voronin

With each year, electrical drives occupy a bigger place in the life of a person. In medicine, construction, rescue work, military, scientific, industrial, in processing and many others. There are almost no areas, spheres of life where electrical drives aren’t used and rectifier drive starts taking up leading position. Rectifier drive based on permanent-field synchronous motor is a locked system of automatic control, feedbacks on phase currents and voltages usually, as well as mechanical coordinates, such as rotor turn angle, rotational speed and momentum at the rotor shaft. Oftentimes finished electrical drive is quite an expensive device. Detectors of mechanical coordinates are one of the most expensive elements and a crucial task is to build sensorless electrical drive. There are also oftentimes problems during design of rectifier drive, when there is no physical access for measuring the mechanical coordinates. In such cases it is necessary to implement an estimation device which should correctly function not only in static modes but also during transition processes. Sensorless diagram of vector control of PMSM based on non-linear estimating filters of invariant immersion is considered during this work. Usage of estimating filters of invariant immersion allows withdrawing from measuring mechanical coordinates, not only in static modes but in dynamics. Decision structure of this problem is to analyze the system of PMSM combined equation; invariant immersion filter synthesis; in order to estimate the mechanical coordinates; reduced-order invariant immersion filter synthesis; mathematic modeling for the purpose of analyzing and comparing their functioning and application to rectifier drive. During the work the following was received: full order invariant immersion filter; lower order invariant immersion filter; results of work simulation of estimating filters are given.

80-83

Authors: Ya. R. Khairulina, A. V. Dushin, G. A. Lyaptsev

Deindustrialization in Russian Economy is substantiated. Tendency of deindustrialization was analyzed, symptoms and factors that promote the process of deindustrialization that has considerable negative consequences for all economic sectors were determined. Nature of the deindustrialization process considerably influceces the social climate in the society, giving rise to adequate responses to the occurring events. Focus on rebirth of national industry is complicated in XXI century close to new developments and challenges: world financial-economic crisis, entrance of Russia in WTO, sanction war that is pronounced to Russia, falling prices on oil etc. In order to solve this problem we have to carry out complex reindustrialization of economy, which entails coordinated process of forming a new model of national industry, that is implemented simultaneously based on the following directions: creating and developing important fields of new technological modes – bioeconomics, nanoindustry, cognitive technologies; recreating a wide spectrum of knowledge-intensive industries of process industry based on modern techniques; intensive development of mineral resources sector based on advanced technologies. An important question of reindustrialization is a question of financial resources, which requires mobilization of internal sources, refocusing of credit resources for long-term investments, attraction of foreign capital etc.

88-93

Authors: I. A. Kul’kova, N. A. Nikolaev

The article substantiates the relevance of the problem of increasing the personnel involvement in conditions of high competition. The purpose of the work is to develop methodical guidelines on evaluation of factors of personnel involvement in conditions of a specific company. The work tasks included: 1. Determining the typology of factors of personnel involvement in the company activity. 2. Development of methods of evaluating the implementation of involvement factors in conditions of a specific company. 3. Proposal of recommendation on development of factors of personnel involvement in the company activity for proprietors and management of modern Russian companies. Analysis of approaches for identifying the personnel’s involvement in the company activity are presented in the work. Content of the term involvement of personnel was disclosed with basic concepts of management: motive, stimulus, motivation, stimulation. Factor model of the mechanism of forming the personnel involvement is presented. Primary and secondary factors of involvement of personnel in the writings of national and foreign authors were examined. Typology of factors of personnel involvement was proposed. A complex of methods of analysis of factors of personnel involvement in the company activity was proposed. Methodical conditions to the evaluation of factors of personnel involvement in conditions of a specific company, that include methods of polling the employees and managers of the company, observation over factors in the conditions of the company were developed. Evaluation of satisfaction for factors of personnel involvement in five small companies in Sverdlovskaya oblast’ were carried out. Results of researching of the involvement factors of personnel of Sverdlovskaya oblast’ companies were presented. Based on the results of researching of involvement factors an analysis of main involvement personnel factors was made. Influence of the working conditions, social-psychological climate in the collective, corporate culture influence on the personnel involvement were reviewed in bigger detail.

3

Authors: A. M. Shipilova, I. S. Semina

The article discusses the features of the main types of embryozems formed in the dumps located in the forest-steppe zone of Kuzbass. An intensive exploitation of coal deposits resulted in accumulating of a considerable fund of disturbed lands in the Kemerovo region. Technogenic landscapes appear in the place of once fertile land, through these areas regenerate themselves over time. These sites have a specific structure caused by the composition of the parent rocks, microclimate and the technology of deposits mining. Gradually they fit into the surrounding biogeocoenosis, become suitable for any particular purpose, and cease to be a source of negative effects on the environment. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the physical properties of soils of technogenic landscapes, located in the forest-steppe zone of Kuzbass. The authors selected dumps located on the territory of Bachatskiy coal deposit as the main object of the study. The soil at the studied site consists of technical earth, humus-accumulative, organic-accumulative, sod and an initial embryozems, leached black earth. Сomparing the heaps parameters with the soil parameters that are typical of a given area in order to identify the differences allows authors to make a conclusion of relation between main indicators of the physical properties of a soil and the substrate that was a basis for formation of a certain soil type. These soil descriptions illustrate the diversity and specificity of the soil cover, as well as a variety of soil remediation and environmental consequences of technogenic landscapes.

3

Authors: O. A. Sustavov

New data about the microtextural features and the formation conditions of the varieties of vein quartz at the occurence Aid, listed below in the order reflecting the sequence of their formation. Fine-grained hypidiomorphic quartz – complicated by oriented at different angles to each other the extended along с-axis individuals with close to linear boundaries; often occurs in isolation from other varieties of quartz, mainly on the periphery of the occurence. Crypto- and fine-grained hypidiomorphic quartz is usually heavily soiled with mineral impurities; was precipitated from solutions involving products of rocks fine grinding in fault zones. Medium-grained parallel-columnar (“comb”) quartz – aggregate of elongated along the c-axis individuals, growing on the walls of the veins; it is characterized by recurrent capture of large number of fluid inclusions during the growth and by the subrhomboedral splitting of individuals. Micro-crypto-grained splitted(“chalcedonic”) quartz is characterised by a fanlike or similar to the cross the extinction of grains; it forms veins, often crossing the hypidiomorphic and comb quartz. Substantiates the link of succession of unsplitted hypidiomorphic to splitted comb and chalcedonic quartz with the increasing of speeds of solutions, their acidity and the degree of silica supersaturation. The presence of kaolinite argillizites and chalcedonic quartz, and the existence in chalcedonic quartz and in injection cocade breccias born with some of the deep the fragments of fine-banded quartz veins with dense impregnation of ore minerals provide an indication of a small depth of erosion at the occurrence.

3

Authors: A. V. Zhabko

This article is the forth part of the published work on the creation of a unified theory of calculating the stability of slopes for arbitrary geological conditions. Ensuring the sustainability of dumps and determination of their limit parameters is one of the priority tasks of open deposit development. One of the main problems in this matter is the lack of suitable, in terms of their sustainability, areas allocated for dumping. In this regard, dumps are poured out on the inclined or not prepared (not stable) base. Thereby, the likelihood of destruction of dumps and their bases significantly increases. However, the negative geomechanical effects on the dumps may lead to the halt of stripping works, and hence the output. The question of stability of dumps (embankments) is also relevant in hydraulic, industrial, civil, and transport construction. Methods of research of this work are variational, differential and integral calculus as well as the theory of stability of homogeneous, heterogeneous and anisotropic slopes, which author published earlier. The first part of the article examines the possible ways of loss of dumps stability. The study reveals similarities between dumps stability on a different bases and homogeneous, heterogeneous and anisotropic slopes. In the second part of the research, one can see solutions of specific examples on the stability of dump on inclined base and unstable inclined base. Author describes in detail the procedure for solving these problems. We present a comprehensive mathematical apparatus for the implementation of these decisions. All solutions have strict mechanical and mathematical formulation.

4

Authors: N. F. Nabiev, A. R. Fayziev

Pakrut gold deposit is located in a series of linearly elongated subparallel disjunctive disturbances among metasomatites of carbonate-quartz-albite composition. The geological structure of Pakrut gold deposit involves both plicative and disjunctive violations within a single graben-anticlinal structure. On the deposit, there are 4 stages of mineral formation: I – pre-ore quartz-albite-carbonate; II – unproductive quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite; III – early productive gold-quartz-carbonate-sulphide; IV – productive late quartz-carbonate-barite-fahlore with gold and silver. In the lower part of the field dominates an early high-pyrite-arsenopyrite stage, in the middle part – polymetallic stage, and in its upper part – stibnite-sulphosalt mineralization stage. The latter is more recent and less high temperature formation. Gold mineralizatio is related to the early productive and late productive mineralization stages. Native gold on the Pakrutsk deposit occurs as finely dispersed dusty disseminations, cloddy, drop-shaped, oval, tape, shapeless and plate selections. In extremely rare cases, the gold occurs in the form of octahedral crystals. The most gold bearing are vein-disseminated ores with pyrite and arsenopyrite, and gold in them is mostly finely dispersed. Gold differs by chemical purity and was formed from substantial hydrocarbon solutions at a temperature of 250–150 °C. For gold mineralization of Pakrut deposits one ought to expect subcrustal connection with a source of the substance. This is evidenced by confinement of the deposit to the regional deep foundation fault, the presence if the Pakrut fault zone of carbonaceous metasomatites of restored nature and presence on the area of the deposit of sub-alkaline gabbros and basalts. The genesis of gold mineralization of Pakrut deposit by the nature of connection with the wallrock metasomatism and other signs scientists define as hydrothermal-metasomatic, with vein-interspersed mineralization type. The main role in mineralization placing belonged to the processes of the implementation of open spaces, with the subordinate role of metasomatic replacement of wall rocks, which took place during the formation of the products of the earliest stages of mineralization. In the final stages here were nearly no near-vein rocks changes.

4

Authors: Yu. I. Lel’, S. A. Aref’ev, A. V. Glebov, D. Kh. Il’bul’din

As a result of studies the authors determined interrelation and area of application of the basic indicators of quality of career roads: rolling resistance, road pavement durability and deformability of road pavement. In the conditions of career «Yubileynyy» of «ALROSA» company and JSC «Uralasbest» the authors proposed and tested the method for estimating rolling resistance coefficient of dump trucks by consumption of diesel fuel using fuel consumption monitoring devices FMS and electronic combustion engine controllers. Authors also established close regression relationships of coefficients of rolling resistance with coefficients of road pavement durability and relative deformability of pavements. The research proves that insufficiency of pavements strength provides a good explanation for a large variation (change of 1.8...2.0-fold) and low stability over time of rolling resistance coefficient on quarry roads with the same type of coating. Obtaining a reliable assessment of the rolling resistance coefficients is possible only under the normative values of durability coefficients (kdur ≥ 0,95), which can be ensured by sealing road pavements. In order to improve quality of quarry roads and reduce their construction costs the authors propose sealing technology with the use of pit dump trucks without excluding them from the technological cycle. The technology consists in strict compliance with sealing modes by adjusting the number of passes of cars on the road width, speed and load of dump trucks. The technology was tested at the experimental site of career of JSC «Uralasbest». The article contains the developed technological regulations of sealing macadam road pavements by dump trucks with carrying capacity of 130 tons; as well as the dependences of road pavement density and durability ratio from the number of dump trucks passes over one track. 15–20 passes of car on compaction area provide the regulatory road pavement quality indicators (kdur ≥ 0,95).

4

Authors: A. M. Burmakin, E. S. Vil’danov, E. M. Ogarkov

Authors consider the problems of calculation of electromagnetic field and power characteristics of induction heater intended for heating of oil bottomhole. Warming up the well bottomhole is one of the effective ways to enhance oil recovery and increase well productivity. Induction heater of a solenoid coil type is simple to manufacture and provides maximum energy efficiency under the constrained space of the well. The main elements of considered induction heater are insulated copper wire coil and the inner magnetic circuit. To evaluate the energy properties of the heater it is necessary calculate the distribution of the electromagnetic field inside and outside the heater. One can solve such problems using computational models that allow obtaining practical results with minimum effort and expense. Calculated heater model consists of several layers with constant values of conductivity and magnetic permeability. Influence of saturation is taken into account iteratively. Initial data for calculation is the size of the coil, the magnetic core and casing pipe; electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the material of magnetic circuit and casing pipe; parameters of the coil and heater power source. Results of calculation are magnitude of the coil current and parameters of the electromagnetic field of all zones of the computational model of the heater. Thereafter, authors calculate active and reactive power, impedance of the equivalent circuit and the power factor. Authors made the realization of heater calculation program in Mathcad. Article has the example of developed program output for calculating a heater parameters and the possibility of its use for heating of oil bottomhole.

4

Authors: B. A. Anferov, L. V. Kuznetsova

In order to reduce the negative impact on the environment in the development of steeply inclined coal seams authors propose to replace the open method of coal mining to a combined (open-underground). The technology is designed for the development of coal-beds of medium power (2.2 m) and powerful. The authors propose opening the deposit by open way by conducting cutting slanted trench from the work area located in the zone of the layers outputs to the drifts; and preparation of coal seams by carrying by rock of sloping production, layer chambers, and crosscuts or connections. Development is carried out by underground methods by mobile means of mechanization in excavation chambers. Opening and preparation of a single layer is carried out by an individual scheme, a formation of layers – according to the group scheme. For conducting of preparatory and cleaning work using the same set of equipment, which includes selective roadheader, self-propelled carriage, hopper loader, a telescopic belt conveyor. The load on the working face will be up to 400 tons of coal per shift. In order to intensify the cleaning works in the career field one can simultaneously launch multiple excavation sites running. The proposed technology will reduce the negative impact on the environment. Compared to open-pit mining method the developed variant does not require large land area taken under the career field and piles of rocks. Due to the minimum volumes of overburden works and disposal of rocks, the mined-out space provides preservation of the natural landscape areas, a significant reduction of ground capacity in mining operations and minimal volume of the subsequent land disturbance. In addition, due to involvement of thin layers in the development, which usually cannot be removed in the open method of production, the completeness of extraction of coal from the bowels will increase.

4

Authors: V. G. Loginov, V. V. Balashenko, O. S. Bryantseva

Economic evaluation of land resources is urgent and, presently, an unsolved problem. In modern conditions, economic evaluation of natural resources is one of the priority tasks of the state strategy of nature management. The development of market relations in our country largely contributed to actualization of economic assessment, and this predetermined the presence of the monetary valuation of natural resource potential. State cadastral valuation of land resources in the country, ongoing for two decades, is the basis for the calculation of land taxes for certain categories of lands. The article presents the concept of economic valuation of natural resources. The object of evaluation are the land resources of the Ural areas of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District – the most important area of development of reindeer herding, not only in the region, but also in the country. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the status of the land fund of the examined territory, which shows a significant potential for the development of pastures of reindeers. This article describes the influence of increasing population of reindeer herds on the state of pastures and their degradation due to overgrazing. Author’s recommendations on economic evaluation suggest its implementation on the basis of a productive approach that ensures comparability of payments and an increase of the reliability of obtained results. The proposed methodological approach of estimating the land resources allows taking into account the specific features of the Arctic territories. The article contains a specific calculation of the economic evaluation of land resources of the Ural regions. However, this approach accurately reflects the situation upon condition of keeping balance between the number of animals’ population and pasture resources. Using the proposed methodological approach allows to perform a valuation assessment of reindeer pasture areas, which differs by the degree of animal load per area unit.

5

Authors: A. V. Selyukov

Ongoing exploitation of coal mines of the Kemerovo region with longitudinal endeepening opencast mining systems contributes to the progressive increase of withdrawal of agricultural lands. However, the balance between ecological orientation of regions with open coal production and increase of production capacity should be based on the approaches with the modernized databases of scientific and technical focus of rational correlation of opencast methods and the impact on the environment that is usually accomplished in the practice of foreign coal mines. Furthermore, for the open coal mining in the Kuznetsk coal basin, ground capacity exceeds the industry average for the Russian Federation is almost 3 times. Identifying the causes of scanty implementation of such approaches and their elimination in domestic production should be based on a comprehensive purposeful impact of selection of two objects of functioning – external or internal dumps, which serves the purpose of this work – the development of known theoretical approaches for ground capacity management. On the basis of data obtained from various sources the author suggest aggregated indicators of ground capacity in relation to the average annual production capacity of coal production enterprises that use opencast methods; the author also forecast trends in its increment depending on the production growth. The article contains new scientific results, such as grouping of coal mines based on the partial correlation of production capacity and ground capacity; identifying and assessing specific periods of exploitation of coal mines with an external or internal stockpiling and corresponding levels of the ground capacity. One can distribute the conclusions for mines of the Kemerovo region to businesses operating in similar conditions.

6

Authors: V. A. Koroteev, V. N. Ogorodnikov, Yu. A. Polenov, A. N. Savichev

Authors distinguish two groups of productive metamorphogenic-metasomatic rocks enriched with high-alumina minerals: stratified horizons in the stratum of plagiogneisses of early Archean and Proterozoic ages widely spread in Karelia and the Kola peninsula (Keyv formation) – aluminous (kyanite) formation of shields of the ancient platforms (metamorphic, Keyv type); unstratified metasomatic rocks that form the internal and external suture zones of the gneiss blocks, polyfacial metamorphic complexes of the andalusite-sillimanite and kyanite-sillimanite thermodynamic types, formed along the uneven-aged, typically pelitic rocks, widely manifested in the Urals – aluminous formation of folded belts (hydrothermal-metasomatic, Ural type). Comparison of the distribution of rare-earth elements in the rocks enclosing kyanite deposits of Keyv suite and Ural deposits revealed that they have the same type of directivity, but in the rocks of the Kola peninsula, the amount of rare-earth elements is higher. The reason is, apparently, a larger process of metamorphism and alkaline magmatism in the Kola peninsula in the Precambrian. A detailed study of kyanite deposits allowed to determine polygenic and polychronic properties of kyanite ores, as well as to identify three natural morphogenetic ore types: metamorphic, metamorphogenic-metasomatic and metasomatic. Comparison of the rare-earth elements shows that the metamorphogenic kyanites contain the greatest amount of rare-earth elements, and the lowest contents are characteristic for the metasomatic kyanites from quartz veins selvages and kyanite porphyroblasts of recrystallization zones. Deposit reserves of the metamorphogenic-metasomatic kyanites are low. In order to increase their economic importance the authors advise to implement the industrial development of kyanite deposits containing rare and rare-earth elements at levels that allow under certain dressing technologies to carry out their complementary profitable extraction.

9

Authors: M. P. Popov

The paper considers problems of establishing mineralogical signs of rare-metal and semi-precious ore mineralization in the territory of Murzinskaya-Aduyskaya beryllium (gemstone) subprovince, which is part of Murzinsko-Adamovsko-Mugodzharskaya rare-metal zone. Beryllium specialization of subprovince is caused by the extensive development of 260-300 mln years old collisional granites enriched with beryllium, tantalum, lithium, cesium, tungsten. Beryllium mineralization on the studied objects is timed to Apo ultramafic or Apo mafic glimmerites, which occur along the eastern contact of Murzinskiy (Glinskoye, Verhne-Susanskoe), Aduyskiy (deposits and occurrences of Ural emerald band) and Kamensky (Mines of Kuznetsov, Kamenskoye) Upper Paleozoic granite massifs. At the stage of general search, minerals-indicators of ore-bearing are most interesting. These issues are a part of search mineralogy researches, aimed at the development of mineralogical search criteria of the mineral deposits. As a result of the works author establishes mineralogical characteristics and patterns, which one can use for search of rare metal and semi-precious ore mineralization: direct search mineralogical signs on the territory of Murzinskaya-Aduyskaya beryllium (gemstone) subprovince are findings of primary beryllium minerals (beryl, emerald, chrysoberyl, alexandrite, phenacite, euclase) and findings of mica veins and complexes, preferably ones that have phlogopite composition; indirect mineralogical signs are findings of secondary beryllium minerals (bavenite, bertrandite, Be-margarit, euclase); pink and purple fluorites, encountered in mica complexes within Murzinskaya-Aduyskaya gemstone subprovince, can be a direct mineralogy sign of semi-precious mineralization (emerald, chrysoberyl, alexandrite); positive europium anomalies in fluorite in the exploratory work are an indirect indication of the ore beryl mineralization; upon finding high positive anomalies of BeO, detected by gamma-neutron and photoneutron methods at the operational exploration stage, one should check them using mineralogical methods (visual inspection, X-ray analysis) to determine the presence of secondary minerals of beryllium (bavenite, bertrandite) or minerals of fragile mica group, bityite–Be-margarit.