European Journal of Molecular Biotechnology

48-57

Authors: Dmitry A. Antonov

The author in his review presents up-to-date information, concerning the composition and properties of human synovial fluid with an emphasis on detailed description of the molecular mechanisms of the lubricating function control. Three main groups of molecules: (surface-active phospholipids (1), hyaluronic acid (2), and proteins group SZP/lubricine (3), were described in synovial fluid being able to support lubrication; the latter group was considered as the main biopolymers, ensuring the boundary lubrication. On author’s opinion, the modern practice of viscosupplementation is not fully functional, since it did not restore the function of the boundary lubrication, lost in the osteoarthritis progression. Besides the need to correct the composition of current drugs for viscosupplementary therapy, the ensuring of lubricating properties of tissue engineering constructs and media to grow cartilage tissue was in vitro attributed to the practical tasks of joints regenerative biomedicine.

63-78

Authors: Oleg Mosin, Ignat Ignatov, Dmitry Skladnev, Vitaly Shvets

We studied the growth and biosynthetic properties of a strain of Gram-positive chemoheterotriphic bacterium Bacillus subtilis В-3157 producer of 2H-labeled purine ribonucleoside riboxine (outcome is 3,9 g/l) in heavy hydrogen (HH) medium with high level of deuterium enrichment (99,8 at.% 2H2O) with 2 % hydrolysate of deuterated biomass of methylotrophic bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum B-5662 as a source of 2H-labeled growth substrates, obtained in the minimal М9 growth medium of 98 % 2Н2О and 2 % [2H]methanol. Isolation of riboxine from liquid culture of riboxine producer strain was carried out by adsorption/resorption on a surface of activated carbon coal, extraction by 0.3 M NH4-formiate buffer (рН = 8.9) with the subsequent crystallization in 80 % of ethanol and column ion exchange chromatography on cation exchanger AG50WX 4, counterbalanced with 0.3 M NH4-formiate with 0.045 M NH4Cl (outcome of riboxine is 3.1 g/l (80 %)). The level of deuterium enrichment of biosynthetically prepared riboxine, analyzed by a method of fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass-spectrometry makes up 5 deuterium atoms with incorporation of 3 deuterium atoms into ribose and 2 deuterium atoms into hypoxantine fragments of the molecule.

4-11

Authors: Nurshat M. Gaifullin, Alexey V. Bachurin

To study the morphology of remodeling the chitosan-based three-dimensional porous scaffold, containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for chondroinduction, the experiments with heterotopic implantation using 28 Wistar rats were carried out. Scaffolds with growth factor (n=12) or without it (n=12), against intact control (n=4) were implanted subcutaneously. Classical methods of histology and morphometry as well as immune histochemical markers (CD-68, CD-31, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and osteonectin expression), one used to investigate zone of remodeling in euthanized animals at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. The BMP-2 application provides more intensive and rapid new cartilage formation from the scaffold matter. The additional chondroinductive effect proved more intensive settlement and proliferation of chondral cells in the regenerate, expression of chondral phenotype with the building the hyaline-like matrix, and the supporting necessary balance between the matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors.

28-37

Authors: Valery V. Novochadov

The article presents a systematic review of literature analyzing the prevalence, base technologies, and perspective directions of growth factor usage in cartilage tissue engineering. The main attention is given to problems of combinations of growth factors in modern scaffolds for cellular settlement and options for mechanical and physical-chemical stimulation of chondrogenesis, including the use of bioreactors.