Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis

146

Authors: Ratih Marina Kurniaty, Anas M. Fauzi, M. Achmad Chozin

The aims of this research were (1) to identify of the value chain that has been applied by the company, (2) to describe projections from internal and external condition as input in the company’s success factor analysis, (3) to determine the company’s strategic position, and (4) to formulate alternative strategies to increase the company’s competitiveness in floriculture industry. This research used SWOT analysis method by considering company’s position and value chain approach which was started with chain mapping to describe actors involved, what business issues in this company face and which activity has the greatest contribution. The value chain approach were also used to determine the prominent product based on the annual sales report. The research results indicated that the issues in the value chain include: expensive input prices, uncertainty in seed supply and higher transportation cost especially for Euro Country and America. Based on internal and external matrix, the company’s position is in the strategic growth quadrant, so the company can apply some alternative strategies such as (1) maintaining good relationships with customers and suppliers, (2) expanding market to Asia, (3) upgrading the types of tree, (4) attending big exhibitions, (5) develop products by creating plants trendcentre, (6) enhancing the knowledge management for the company’s human resource, (7) production maximizing for the domestic market, (8) establishing distribution channels in each city, (9) setting a clear target market, (10) maintaining the quality of the plants, (11) restructuring the company in order to clarify the specialization of work, and (12) designing documents to better provide the seeds according to customers’ need. Keywords: competitiveness, floriculture industry, chain mapping, value chain economic analysis, SWOT analysis

163

Authors: Zeetpy Maisana, Sri Hartoyo, Idqan Fahmi, Hendra Wijaya

The purpose of this study was to analyze rejected product in slaughterhouse division using total quality management approach. The secondary data were collected from the company archives and judgmental sampling was used to collect primary data from six experienced respondents. The analysis method used was total quality management, include stratification, Pareto diagrams, control charts, fishbone diagrams, and quality function deployment. The findings of this study showed that the use of line production system by the slaughterhouse to produce the product; where products’ redness/bruises, size uniformity, bloodless feature, incorrect delivery, delivery delay, and damaged package were the cause of product rejection. The strategies ordered based on the priority to improve the management quality are: tools repair and replacement, creating quality based projects, build an information system between the production lines, training and seminar. The managerial implications of the study suggested the slaughterhouse to replace or repair the plucker, scalder and automatic weighing machine. It also suggested the slaughterhouse to tighten the span of control in the chilling room to maintain product freshness. Keywords: rejected product analysis, TQM, QFD, chicken slaughterhouse, carcass

183

Authors: Lina Yanti, Widyastutik

This research purposes were (1) to measures the competitiveness of Indonesian milk derivative product in international market based on its comparative advantage, (2) to analyze the dynamics of Indonesian milk and also to analyze the commodity’s competitive position in the international market through its dynamic export product performance, (3) to analyze dominant factors that influencing Indonesian dairy export growth based on constant market share analysis. The analysis methods used to measure the competitiveness of Indonesian milk in this research are based on revealed comparative advantage analysis, Export product dynamic analysis (EPD), and constant market share analysis. The result from RCA showed that the Indonesian milk derivative products which are Milk not concentrated nor sweetened 1–6% fat (HS 040120), Milk and cream, concentrated or sweetened (HS 0402) and Buttermilk, curdled milk, cream, kephir, etc (HS 040390) do not have comparative advantage but for Milk and cream powder unsweetened > 1,5% fat (HS 040221), Milk and cream nes sweetened or concentrated (HS 040299) and Cereal, flour, starch, milk preparations and products (HS19) have comparative advantage. The EPD found that all Indonesian milk derivative products are included in the Rising Star position. The result test using CMS analysis concluded that the most significant factor which affect the export growth for Indonesian HS 040390 and HS 0402 derivative products are the import growth effect, HS 19 is mainly dominated by commodity composition effect, and the export growth for the rest derivative products are dominated with the competitiveness effect. Therefore, it needs to be implemented efforts to enhance the competitiveness of dairy derived products Indonesia Keywords: milk, competitiveness, revealed comparative advantage (RCA), export product dynamic (EPD), constant market share analysis (CMSA)

77

Authors: Amalia Sholehana, Rizal Syarief , dan Agus Maulana

This research was conducted to formulate to increase the sheep production at CV Mitra Tani Farm (CV MT Farm), Ciampea, Bogor. The research was conducted using descriptive analysis by analyzing the problem experienced by CV. MitraTani Farm. Primary data and secondary data were gathered at this research. The research was also conducted using several analytical methods such as value chain mapping, internal factor evaluation (IFE) and external factor evaluation (EFE) matrix, SWOT and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM). Based on the value chain analysis, the current production of sheep at CV MT farm is highly depending on the supply from its partners and internal farmers. According to the IFE and EFE results, the differences of each weighted values were respectively 2,120 and 0,686 so the position of the company in the SWOT matrix was situated at Quadrant I. Therefore the company needs to use a growth strategy. The QSPM sequenced the strategy priority as follow (1) increasing the number of lambs, (2) developing the management, (3) strengthening the capital and ownership, (4) improving the quality through technology. The result of the gross profit margin calculation, if the sheep‘s selling is increased up to 1000 sheep per month then the possible annual profit that can be earned by CV MT farm is 40,34% of the total production. Keywords: MT Farm, sheep production, strategies, SWOT, QSPM, gross profit margin

96

Authors: Adwirman, Muhammad Firdaus, Idqan Fahmi

The purposes of this study were (1) to identify factors that considered important by investors in making investment decisions in the oil palm agribusiness and in the performance of South Bengkulu Regency Officials in providing a supporting investment climate, (2) to determine the Regional Official’s level of compatibility and value of performance index towards factors that influencing investment, (3) to determine the difference in perception toward the (what) variables, between investors and South Bengkulu Regency Government, (4) to formulate strategies which can be used by South Bengkulu Regency to attract investors. The methods used to collect data were observation, questionnaire-based interview, and in-depth interview. The techniques used to analyze data were descriptive analysis, importance-performance analysis, Value of Performance Index, and Mann Whitney’s independent sample test. A comprehensive analysis of the output of the three methods had concluded that South Bengkulu Regency need to concern about 24 variables and its managerial implications in order to attract investors on PKS or CPO factories. Keywords: oil palm agribusiness, South Bengkulu, IPA matrix, CSI, mann whitney

117

Authors: Northa Idaman, Lilik Noor Yuliati, Retnaningsih

The purpose of this study were (1) to analyze the product attributes which considered necessary by the consumers of organic rice in Sukabumi Region, (2) to analyze the contribution of attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control toward the intention to buy organic rice in Sukabumi Region, and (3) to formulate the managerial implication to improve the intention to buy organic rice in Kabupaten Sukabumi. The analyzed data on the 151 respondents were collected from four sub-districts in Sukabumi using convenience-sampling method. While analysis used were descriptive, cochran, and structural equation modelling. The result show that there were three attributes which were necessitated by the consumers in Sukabumi Region in buying organic rice, and there were big contributions from two constructs in forming the intention to buy organic rice in Sukabumi Region. Keywords: organic rice, consumer attittude, theory of planned behavior, structural equation modelling (SEM)

13-22

Authors: Trias Andati, Hermanto Siregar, Bonar M.Sinaga, dan Noer Azam Achsani

This research attempts to analyze the effect of financial liberalization to Q-Tobin ratio of Basic and Chemical industry and Banking sectors. Using annual data of 52 listed company’s financial report from 2002 to 2009, the results show that the financial liberalization variables i.e. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Investment Portfolio has negative effect on Q-Tobin of Basic and Chemical Industry and Banking sectors. The increase of the financial deepening variables has positive effect on Q-Tobin of Basic and Chemical Industry and Banking sectors. SBI (Sertifikat Bank Indonesia) and Money Supply has negative impact on Q-Tobin, while loan interest rates has positive impact on both sectors. The average of net fixed asset investment of two sectors has the same pattern of Q-Tobin values, and increased from 2002 to 2009, while at the year of 2008, Q-Tobin of all sectors experienced decreasing due to financial crisis. Furthermore, there should be a corporate financial performance indicator such as leverage ratio, to prevent short term investment of FDI. Capital Market’s regulation, should be considerate a sectoral policy in portfolio investment, to prevent from financial global crisis. Corporation of two sectors could give more attention on capital structure while analyzing the company’s investment decision. Keywords: Q-Tobin Ratio, Financial Liberalization, Investment, Panel Data

31-41

Authors: Siti Sundari, Arief Daryanto, Mangara Tambunan ,dan Asep Saefuddin

Since the monetary crisis in 1998, Indonesia's economy has not fully recovered as indicated by slow economic growth which has not reached yet 8% each year. These conditions load to growing number of unemployed and hence create many demand from the large number of micro enterprise for loan. There were about 50 million micro entrepreneurs which was served only by 56 thousand units of MFIs (Microfinance Institution). This fact intrigued a deep comprehensive analysis at supply side, i.e. the MFIs. The analysis was to study factors that inhibit the sustainability growth of MFIs in order to increase the number of micro business loans. The research was located in East Java province due to the fact that more than 70% MFIs located in Java island and the largest MFIs is in East Java. The samples were obtained by purposive sampling technique and then analysed using descriptive statistics, ordinal logistic regression and biplot. The result proved that the factors which significantly influence the growth of financial sustainability were Regulation, Institutions, Efficiency, CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio), ROE (Return on Equity), ROA (Return on Asset), LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio), loan, NPL (Non Performing Loan), HRD (Human Resources Development) and Interest rates. While the factors that did not have significant effect were competition and income per capita. Keyword : Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), Performance Analyze, Financial Sustainability, Ordinal Logistic Regression

59-67

Authors: Muchlis Ahmady, Ujang Sumarwan, Budi Suharjo, dan Agus Maulana

In Indonesia, agriculture is still one of the business activity that involves many stakeholders with a unique relationship, ranging from farmers as producers, various intermediaries that act to move the product on the retailers who ultimately sell to end consumers. What are the key values connecting between actors to guarantee the continuity of business and how the model linkage or relationship marketing that happens, is the main goal in this paper. The results showed, commitment and trust are the dominant two aspects that underlie the emergence of co-operation as well as the assurance of financial benefit. Another interesting fact revealed by this study is the relationship marketing that occurs not just based on the transactional aspects alone, but there is also a social aspect that binds relationships. This aspect even leads to another fundamental goal, namely the existence of convenience between the parties cooperate. Although both of these goals cannot always be achieved simultaneously due to the strata of different decision-making power, but in reality they complement the ongoing collaboration. Keywords: Commitment, Trust, Transactional and Social Marketing, Leisure

75-83

Authors: Latifa Hanum, Busanor Sanim, Agus Maulana

ABSTRACT The objectives of this research are to (1) analyze profit and BEP of plasma farmers (2) analyze internal and external strategic factors that influence development of broiler partnership in PT. XYZ, (3) formulate the alternative strategies of broiler partnership in PT. XYZ, (4) formulate selected priority strategy to develop broiler partnership in PT. XYZ. This research uses descriptive method based on case study on broiler partnership in PT. XYZ. Based on BEP analysis, BEP (production) of plasma farmers is in the range 79,91%-86,58% from chick-in capacity, and BEP (price) is in the range of Rp 11.684 – Rp 12.191 per chicken on market price. PT. XYZ partnership’s position in IE matric was second quadrant (grow and builds). The results of SWOT analysis are: a) vertical integration strategy through feedmill, breeding and chicken slaughterhouse, b) improving production capacity through capacity building of plasma farmers, c) improvement in bio-security aspects of maintenance, and d) improving the quality of technical staff and improving supervision. The priority strategy from QSPM analysis is improving production capacity through capacity building of plasma farmers. The strategy to improve production capacity can be done by maximize or add their capacity, and add the new plasma farmers. Keywords: Broiler Partnership, Internal Environment, External Environment, Internal-external, Improvement Priority ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis keuntungan dan titik impas usaha (BEP) peternak mitra, (2) menganalisis dan mengevaluasi faktor-faktor strategis internal dan eksternal perusahaan dalam menjalankan kemitraan ternak ayam broiler di PT. XYZ, (3) memformulasikan beberapa strategi alternatif yang dapat digunakan dalam pengembangan kemitraan ternak ayam broiler di PT. XYZ, dan (4) merumuskan strategi prioritas dalam pengembangan kemitraan ternak ayam broiler PT. XYZ. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskritif. Berdasarkan analisis BEP, BEP (produksi) peternak mitra berada pada range 79,91% - 86,58% dari kapasitas awal, dan BEP (harga) berada pada range harga pasar Rp 11.684 – Rp 12.191 per ekor. Posisi kemitraan dalam matriks IE berada di kuadran II (tumbuh dan kembangkan). Hasil analisis SWOT adalah: a) strategi integrasi vertikal melalui pendirian feedmill dan breeding serta Rumah Potong Ayam (RPA); 2) peningkatan kapasitas produksi melalui pengembangan kapasitas peternak mitra; 3) perbaikan bio-security dalam aspek pemeliharaan; dan 4) peningkatan kualitas SDM petugas lapang dan perbaikan pengawasan. Strategi prioritas dari analisis QSPM adalah peningkatan kapasitas produksi melalui peningkatan kapasitas produksi melalui pengembangan kapasitas peternak mitra. Strategi peningkatan kapasitas produksi dapat dilakukan dengan memaksimalkan kapasitas terpasang atau menambah kapasitas peternak mitra tersebut dan menambah jumlah peternak mitra baru. Kata kunci : Kemitraan Broiler, Lingkungan Internal, Lingkungan Eksternal, Internal Eksternal, Prioritas Pengembangan

97-107

Authors: Ignatius Jeffrey, Aji Hermawan, Musa Hubeis, Setiadi Djohar

ABSTRACT This study was designed to extend the Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model to test the match of adaptability leadership style to the maturity level of subordinates using the LEAD-Self instrument and Readiness Scale of the Center for Leadership Studies. Maturity level of subordinate was analyzed based on the maturity level of employment (ability) and psychological maturity (willingness) to given work to subordinates. Also, to test compatibility with the leadership style with desired subordinates leadership style using LEAD-Other instrument. Leadership style is a combination of task behavior and behavioral relationships that will produce a directing coaching, participating delegating style. In addition, this study also tested the suitability of the existing organizational culture with the expectation organization culture. Effective matching leadership style and organizational culture is measured by the achievement of individual performance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of matching between leadership style with the follower’s readiness level (X1), the leader's perceived leadership style with leader’s desired leadership style (X2), and the existing organizational culture with the expectation’s employees (X3) on the individual performance (Y1). The object of research was conducted at PT. XYZ and method of data retrieval is done by the census, while the method of analysis of this study was using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Keywords: Follower’s Readiness Level, Leader’s Perceived Leadership Style, Leader’s Desired Leadership Style, Existing and Expectation Culture, Individual Performance ABSTRAK Studi ini telah dirancang menggunakan Model Kepemimpinan Situasional Hersey dan Blanchard untuk menguji pengaruh kecocokan gaya kepemimpinan dengan tingkat kematangan bawahan dengan menggunakan instrumen LEAD-Self dan Readiness Scale dari Pusat Penelitian Kepemimpinan (Center for Leadership Studies). Tingkat kematangan bawahan dianalisis berdasarkan tingkat kematangan pekerjaan (kemampuan) dan kematangan psikologis (kemauan) terhadap pekerjaan yang diberikan kepada bawahan. Juga, menguji kecocokan gaya kepemimpinan dengan persepsi gaya kepemimpinan yang diingini bawahan dengan menggunakan instrumen LEAD-Other. Gaya kepemimpinan merupakan kombinasi perilaku tugas dan perilaku hubungan yang akan menghasilkan gaya mengarahkan, melatih, mengikutsertakan dan mendelegasikan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menguji kecocokan budaya organisasi saat ini dengan budaya organisasi harapan karyawan. Pengaruh kecocokan gaya kepemimpinan dan budaya organisasi diukur dengan tingkat pencapaian kinerja individu. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh kecocokan antara variabel gaya kepemimpinan dengan tingkat kematangan bawahan (X1), gaya kepemimpinan pemimpin dengan persepsi gaya kepemimpinan yang diingini bawahan (X2), dan budaya organisasi saat ini dengan harapan karyawan (X3) terhadap kinerja individu (Y1). Obyek penelitian dilakukan pada PT. XYZ dan metode pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara sensus, sedangkan metode analisis penelitian ini menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Kata kunci: Tingkat Kematangan Bawahan, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Gaya Kepemimpinan yang Diingini Bawahan, Budaya Saat ini dan Budaya Harapan, Kinerja Individu

10-19

Authors: Dadang Garnida, Sjafri Mangkuprawira, Bomer Pasaribu, Aji Hermawan

ABSTRACT Leadership is a phenomenon of society, nation, and state which influence and characterize the life of society, nation, and state. Leadership is also one of all functions which can push both the realization of national ideas and national objectives, and national security and defense system. This research seeks for a strategic leadership model which can be implemented in all provinces in Indonesia, and which will influence all of provincial leaders, especially governors, in order to improve the strength of the National Security System (NSS). The collected quantitative and qualitative data were selected and analized descriptively and analitically by the use of descriptive analysis and multivariate regression, to meet the objective of this research. The result of this study shows that the leadership of a governor has a significant and positive influence upon national security and defense system and, therefore, it maybe concluded that a strong leadership of a governor will provide his local area with positive effect, namely, there will be an establishment of a strong and realiable system of national security and defense. Keywords: Leadership, Province, Governor, National Security and Defense System, Multivariate Regression ABSTRAK Kepemimpinan merupakan fenomena kemasyarakatan, kebangsaan, dan kenegaraan yang berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan corak dan arah kehidupan kemasyarakatan, kebangsaan, dan kenegaraan. Kepemimpinan juga merupakan salah satu fungsi yang dapat mendorong terwujudnya cita-cita dan tujuan nasional, serta Sistem Ketahanan Nasional (Sistannas). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan Kepala Daerah berpengaruh secara signifikan dan positif terhadap Sistannas sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepemimpinan yang kuat oleh Kepala Daerah akan memberikan dampak yang positif bagi daerahnya yaitu akan tercipta suatu Sistem Ketahanan Nasional yang kuat dan tangguh. Kata kunci: Kewirausahaan, Kepemimpinan Kepala Daerah, Kinerja Daerah, Sistem Ketahanan Nasional

30-40

Authors: Tjiptogoro Dinarjo, Eriyatno, Aji Hermawan, M. Joko Affandi

ABSTRACT The key factors of successful information technology outsourcing are the procurement process of the professional and trusted provider, the contract that guarantees a committed implementation of outsourcing as agreed priorly, the implementation of outsourcing that fulfils the approved grade of quality as service level agreement, the provider’s capabilities as listed in the requirement of the procurement process, and the implementation itself. Those key factors are the subjects of study, which results are applicable as the basic policy in developing a premium IT services through the outsourcing system. The case study was conducted in the Bank Indonesia, whether research approach is the combination of explorative, descriptive and explanator. Analysis endogenous and exogenous variables’ll be using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The recommendation is formulated according to the result of SEM analysis. Result of the study stated that Structural Model 3 is the perfect fit model. The dominant factor is the capability, procurement, contracts, implementation and outsourcing of IT operations significantly on the structure of 3. Keywords: Outsourcing, Information Technology, Structural Model, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia ABSTRAK Peran teknologi informasi (TI) di Bank Indonesia (BI) selaku bank sentral adalah mewujudkan teknik dan implementasi operasional TI terhadap strategi bisnis dan strategi sistem informasi untuk mencapai visi dan misi organisasi. TI dalam menjalankan perannya membutuhkan sumber daya baik dari dalam organisasi maupun dari luar organisasi (outsourcing). Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa faktor kunci keberhasilan guna membangun sistem outsourcing guna mendukung operasional TI adalah kapabilitas pelaksana outsourcing yang sesuai dengan manajemen strategi SDM, proses pengadaan pelaksana outsourcing yang dapat dipercaya, kontrak yang menjamin adanya komitmen untuk melaksanakan outsourcing sesuai dengan yang diperjanjikan, pelaksanaan outsourcing yang mematuhi prosedur dan tingkat kualitas yang disepakati. Faktor-faktor kunci tersebut selanjutnya dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar kebijakan dalam membangun sistem outsourcing guna mendukung operasional TI. Studi kasus dilakukan dengan pendekatan penelitian gabungan eksplorasi, deskriptif, dan explanatory. Analisis untuk variabel endogen dan eksogen menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Rekomendasi dirumuskan berdasarkan hasil analisis SEM kemudian dilakukan verifikasi dan validasi melalui Individual Depth Interviews (IDI) dan dilakukan pembahasan dalam Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang melibatkan stakeholders yang berkompeten. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa Model Struktural 3 adalah model yang paling fit. Pada struktur 3, seluruh faktor dominan yaitu kapabilitas pengadaan, kontrak pelaksanaan outsourcing dan operasional TI berhubungan signifikan dengan pola tertentu. Kata kunci: Outsourcing, Teknologi Informasi, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Structural Equation Modeling, Kapabilitas, Kebijakan

50-63

Authors: Widyo Gunadi, Eriyatno, Parulian Hutagaol, Muliaman D Hadad

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to develop a situational analysis of organization culture (OC). The analysis cover management process and its changing in Central Bank, including direction and substance of OC, developing ideal models, methods, dynamic change and its management. Awareness about the importance of OC in improving the performance of the organization had been recognized by management of The Central Bank in the surface, but when examined the dynamics of the changes, the implementation seem fluctuated.During this research, the values which adopted for this organization are competence, integrity, transparency, accountability, and cohesiveness. In the implementation, there are two main issues: (1) the belief that these values are match with organization need and (2) misunderstanding in implementation at the level of units. Research has not attempt to answer the solution of these two main issues yet. However, this study try to uncover the main problem of changes in OC. This paper using combination of several methods: survey, focus group discussion (FGD), statistics of secondary data, and structured in depth interviews. This study have found that The Central Bank conduct rapid change in the beginning of transformation. However, after 3 years, the change slow down, reducing the commitment and lack of confident both the substance of OC and the change method as well. Keywords: Organization Culture, Central Bank, Situational Analysis ABSTRAK Tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk analisis situasi atau implementasi budaya organisasi. Analisis mencakup proses pembentukan dan perubahan kultur, termasuk arah dan isi kultur yang terdiri dari values dan sub-kultur, mengembangkan model yang ideal, metode, perubahan dinamis dan manajemennya. Kesadaran tentang pentingnya budaya organisasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja organisasi telah diakui oleh manajemen Bank Sentral di permukaan, namun ketika diperiksa dinamika perubahan, pelaksanaan tampak berfluktuasi. Pada saat riset dilakukan Bank Sentral memiliki values ideal yang secara formal disebut adalah Kompetensi, Integritas, Transparansi, Akuntabilitas dan Kebersamaan. Ada dua permasalahan utama yakni : 1) apakah kelima values ini memang cocok dengan kebutuhan, 2) permasalahan implementasi di level satuan kerja atau unit bisnis atau dikenal dengan sub-kultur. Riset ini belum menjawab solusi dua permasalahan utama ini, Namun, penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengungkap masalah utama perubahan budaya organisasi. Riset ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dari data-data sekunder baik berupa dokumen kebijakan atau peraturan dan hasil-hasil survey, dan laporan implementasi kultur yang ada. Untuk mempertajam analisa juga dilakukan wawancara mendalam (in-dept interview) dengan stakeholder internal. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Bank Sentral melakukan perubahan yang cepat di awal transformasi. Namun, setelah 3 tahun, perubahan lamban, kurang komitmen dan kurangnya percaya diri baik substansi dari budaya oragnisasi maupun metode perubahan yang diter apkan. Kata kunci: Budaya Organisasi, Bank Sentral, Analisis Situasional