Journal of community health research

200-206

Authors: Ahmad Karimi, Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh, Hossein Fallahzadeh, Masoud Rahmanian, Seyed Mahmood Sadr Bafghi , Mohammadhosein Soltani , Leila Hadiani ,Samaneh Jalilian , Mohammad-Taghi Sareban-Hassanabadi , Mojtaba Mohammadhoseini , Fatemeh Majidpour , Maryam Askari

Introduction: Regarding the high impact of Diabetes Mellitus type II (DM II) on human's health, it seems that identifying DM II risk factors is important to prevent its development. Further studies are needed to ensure the positive role of uric acid in the onset of diabetes. This study targeted at investigating the attributed risk of hyperuricemia for the onset of DM II. Methods: In the present study, 1641 non-diabetic people, selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling, were followed up for 10 years (2006 - 2016). During the study, data on the variables of the study were collected and entered in SPSS 16 which was used to analyze the data. To calculate the attributions of hyperuricemia in the risk of developing diabetes, Levin's formulas and attributed risk related to the prevalence of exposure during these ten years were used. Results: Findings showed DM II was developed in 54.8% of people with hyperuricemia, whereas 28.2% of people with normal uric acid level developed diabetes. The Population Attributed Risk (PAR) of hyperuricemia and uric acid over than 75th percentile of serum uric acid for DM II incidence were calculated by the weighted attributed risk formula was 3.6 % and 24.2 %, respectively. With the treatment of hyperuricemia or serum uric acid over than 75th percetile, the incidence of diabetes in population was reduced up to 3.6% or 24.2% over a 10-year period respectively. Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant correlation between high uric acid level and the risk of diabetes. Therefore, necessary measurements should be taken to treat the hyperuricemia patients in order to prevent the incidence of diabetes caused by high blood acid uric.

214-221

Authors: Mohammad Hassan Lotfi, Mohammad Khajeh, Marjan Pedarzadeh, Majid Jafarzadeh, AliReza Pourmazar, Masoud Sharifi, Saeed Hosseini

Introduction: The first case of HIV-infection in Iran was a hemophilic child who was infected by imported blood products in 1989. Since then, the HIV epidemic in Iran has undergone significant changes. This study investigated the time variations of the epidemiology of reported HIV/AIDS -infections during 2011-2017 in Yazd, Iran. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using the data recorded in health centers of Yazd province from 2011 to 2017. The data were collected from the records of 98 patients using a researcher-made checklist. The rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS by gender per 100,000 people was calculated. Results: Out of 98 reported HIV/AIDS cases, 56.1% were men, and 43.9% were women; 55.1% of cases were infected through sexual contact, 30.6% through the infected needle while injecting for drug use, 1.6% through mother-to-fetus transmission, 1.3% through tattooing, and 5.1% through the unspecified mechanism. During these years the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Yazd was declining, and the predominant mode of HIV transmission was through sexual contact. Conclusion: Although the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS -infection in Yazd province has decreased, we believe that the primary mode of HIV transmission has shifted from drug injection to unsafe sex.

231-241

Authors: Abbas Motavalli Pour, Ahmad Beh-Pajooh, Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta, Mohammad Hossein Sorbi, Mohammad Hadi Farahzadi

Introduction: Nowadays, the main focus of modern researches in the field of ADHD has been on the area of comorbid disorders and reducing their symptoms. In this regard, cognitive-behavioral therapies have tried to reduce the symptoms by using methods such as self-control, problem-solving, and social skills. Given the important role of the family, the present study investigated the pre-assumptions of the treatment by addressing the structural relationships between the social skills, problem-solving skills, and self-control with the symptoms of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorders in the children with ADHD and the mediating role of the mother-child interaction. Methods: This study was performed on 104 male students, fourth to sixth grade students of the elementary schools in Yazd City, Iran. In this study, the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI), Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS), Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI), Self-Control Rating Scale (SCRS), and Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) were used. The results were analyzed with path analysis by SPSS software version 23. Results: Findings showed that problem-solving skills, self-control skills, social skills, and mother-child interaction can explain 75% of the variance of CD and 71% of the variance of ODD in the model. In another section of the analysis, the findings showed that the effect of problem-solving and self-control skills on the mother-child interaction was significant, but the social skills had no significant effect on the mother-child interaction. Also, the problem-solving variable can affect the CD through the mediating variable in the mother-child interaction, and also has a direct relationship with the current disorder but does not have a significant effect on ODD. The self-control variable in addition to its direct relationship to disorder can affect CD and ODD through the mother-child interaction. Conclusion: Self-control, problem-solving, and social skills are associated with the symptoms of behavioral disorders in the children with ADHD, and can be used in designing cognitive-behavioral therapy packages, and also the way the mother and child interact, is effective in this type of treatments.

250-255

Authors: Mohsen Askarishahi, Mehdi Mokhtari, Hasan Ashrafzadeh, Mehrzad Ebrahemzadih

Introduction: Air pollution is now one of the greatest environmental hazards to human health in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between air quality and cases of myocardial infarction in Yazd. Methods: This Ecological study was performed in Yazd, Iran. In this study, all the cases with myocardial infarction in Yazd who referred to emergency rooms from March 20, 2016 to March 20, 2017 entered the study. Information on the daily concentration of air pollutants included five pollutants SO2, CO, O3, NO2 and PM10 and was validated according to the World Health Criteria. In the next step the raw data from air pollutants related to each station using equation and table standard was converted to separate AQI values for each pollutant and the pollutant having the highest index was introduced as the pollutant responsible for the day. Excel 2007 and R (3.4.3) software were used to analyze the data. The significant level was considered to be less than 0.05. Results: According to measurements of air pollutants, out of 349 days, the air quality index (AQI <100) was standard in 245 days and in 104 days of the year was above the standard (AQI> 100).PM10 and CO emissions were for air pollutants in 86 days out of 104 days. Conclusion: Given that in 104 days of the year, air quality has exceeded the standard, the children and elderly people should take caution in those days.