EMINAK

10-27

Authors: Tarasenko Olha

We introduced the concept «School of Historians of St. Volodymyr University». This concept incorporated the academic teachers – scientists, who were united on a professional basis as historians and worked as Chairs of World and Russian History from the opening of the institution in 1834 until its liquidation in 1920. Within this convept, we investigated the history of the formation of the School of Historians of St. Volodymyr University from the middle of the 30-ies untill the beginning of the 60-ies of the XIX century through the researching the socio-cultural portrait of historians V.F. Tsykh, V.F. Dombrowsky, O.I. Stavrovsky, M.I. Kostomarov, P.V. Pavlov, V.Ya. Shulgin. We established that V.F. Tsykh, V.F. Dombrowsky, O.I. Stavrovsky, M.I. Kostomarov formed the first period of the formation of the School, which lasted from 1834 until the end of the 40-ies of the XIX century, and P.V. Pavlov, O.I. Stavrovskii, V.Ya. Shulgin formed the second period of the formation of the School, from the end of the 40-ies to the beginning of the 60-ies of the XIX century. We analyzed the teaching, scientific and educational activities of V.F. Tsykh, V.F. Dombrowsky, O.I. Stavrovsky, M.I. Kostomarov, P.V. Pavlov, V.Ya. Shulgin, and determined their contribution to the development of educational and historical science of their time, the start of the traditions of the School of Historians, and the University educational and scientific space. We explored the memoirs of contemporaries D.P. Khrushchev, student N., Mykola Gerbel, M.I. Kostomarov, O.V. Romanovich- Slavatinsky, V.G. Avseyenko, V.Ya. Portugalом about historians V.F. Tsykh, V.F. Dombrowsky, O.I. Stavrovsky, M.I. Kostomarov, P.V. Pavlov, V.Ya. Shulgin. We investigated that the memoirs contain an expressive characteristic of activity of those historians, and they were brightly evaluated as outstanding individuals, who actively created their time. We created the integrated portrait of the professors of the history of the University of St. Volodymyr University from the middle of the 1830-s till the beginning of the 1860-s. We researched the history of the formation of the School of Historians of St. Volodymyr University at their time. We looked feeper in their life, teaching, scientific, and educational activity in initiating by them the traditions of the School of Historians of the institution. We emphasize that professors V.F. Tsykh, V.F. Dombrowsky, O.I. Stavrovsky, M.I. Kostomarov, P.V. Pavlov, V.Ya. Shulgin were among the founders of Ukrainian historical education and science. We conclude that all six historians came to the St. Vlolodymyr University very young and worked with a big desire for the benefit of education and science. They inspired by their selfless work others to the study of World and Russian History and Local History. We verify that V.F. Tsykh, V.F. Dombrowsky, O.I. Stavrovsky, M.I. Kostomarov, P.V. Pavlov, V.Ya. Shulgin demonstrated cult of knowledge, high erudition, general culture and the desire to create. They taught future talented specialists and researchers, educated a broadly and impartially thinking young generation of citizens, inspired others to study Russian and World history, History and Culture of their Native Land. We show that they contributed to the beginning of the formation of the traditions of the School of Historians of St. Volodymyr University as a whole

35-40

Authors: Sribnyak Ihor

The need to intensify cultural and educational and national patriotic work in the camps of the captured soldiers of the Ukrainian army of the Russian Army prompted the Union for the liberation of Ukraine to seek new forms of influence on the consciousness of the captives. One of them was the involvement of her (as grassroots organizers) of the Ukrainian-Ukrainian officers of the Tsarist Army, who have expressed their consent to such use. German military authorities agreed to stay captured Ukrainian officers in Rastatt, which had a significant symbolic and practical significance for the further development of the national movement in this camp. Lieutenant Mykola Shapoval an extremely valuable acquisition for the Ukrainian community in Rastatt, who, from March 1916, was constantly residing in Rastatt, performing a considerable amount of work (as a member of the department). But not all officers who were transferred to Rastatt camp were provided for cultural, educational and organizational work. Some of them tried to compromise Ukrainian business at all, developing their own escape plans, taking possession of the documents, which would give the Russian counterintelligence additional grounds for accusations of the Union of liberation of Ukraine in subversion. It is obvious that such officers (in case of disclosure of such intentions) were promptly removed from Rastatt to Russian officers’ camps, where also they were sent and unable to conduct the national-patriotic work of the «Little-Russians». Significantly more negative consequences were internal disputes between the civil members of the Camp Education Department and those officers, which, though they were committed to the Ukrainian liberation idea, had complex and uncompromising attitudes. This was all the more dangerous that this confrontation took place during the next reorganization of the senior management of the camp community «Independent Ukraine», which was due to the need to transfer the highest executive power in the camp to General (before which she remained in the hands of the head of the Educational Department). In the end, after intervention in the case of the Berlin Central Union, the conflict was settled by transferring part of the officers to another Ukrainian camp. Consequently, the participation of Ukrainian officers in the cultural-educational and national-patriotic life of the prisoners’ community at the Rastatt camp has led to positive moves, bringing fresh impetus to the work of various camp institutions. Due to this, it became possible for the majority of officers to get rid of the remains of the «Little-Russians» in their consciousness, as well as gain valuable experience in organizing work.

48-52

Authors: Buravsky Alexander, Vlasyuk Igor

In the article the activity of the committees of the poor peasants, the relations between them and the Soviet power and various peasantry groups in Volyn during the new economic policy (1921-1928) are analyzed. The analysis is based on archival documents and new research. Activity of Committee of the poor peasants in Volyn Region in the period of new economic policy was complicated and controversial. That was proved by permanent «cleaning» and reorganizing processes inside these organizations; the middle class peasants who were their members pursued their economic interests and tried to extend their influence in the countryside. Analysis of archival documents allows conclusions to be drawn that the Soviet government kept under its ideological control consciousness of the poor peasants, Committee of the poor peasant’s members, aiming them against wealthy peasants as well as in anti-religious trend. As a result of those processes there appeared complicated relations between the poor peasants and middle class ones. Despite this government failed to establish effective work of Committee of the poor peasants and involve majority of its members into collectivization of peasant farms process in that period.

58-63

Authors: Ruban Volodymyr

This article deals with some types of foreign-political mood of Podilla population during the deculakization and total collectivization at the end of 1920s – early of 1930s. Modern researches have shown that the mood and the behaviour of the population, peasants in the particular, have become the markers of the results of realization of the social-economic policy in the Soviet Ukraine at the end of 1920s – early of 1930s. Still, the usage of the manifestation of different types of mood and behaviour with the illustrative purpose of social-economic process only, conditioned to the lack of their classification. The attempts of the classification of the mood on the source of its rise/provoking (mainly) political, social, economic, cultural-educational, the decisions of the upper party-governmental guidance of the USSR or by the main lines of the peasants’ everyday life became unsuccessful. Well, every initiative of the Bolshevik government deals practically with all sides of the peasants’ everyday life and agricultural manufacture. The author proposed his own typology of the mood of the Podilla region’s peasants during the investigating period by the means of its forms and themes. In particular, the evaluation of the foreignpolitical situation on the background of the extreme events of the total collectivization appeared to be the most widespread. The sources of the information were speeches of the local propagandists, newspapers and gossips. For their own analyses of the current events peasants used the experiment of their family members or their country-men, taken part in the military deeds. The characteristic types of the foreign-political moods became «war awaiting», «polishes coming», «creation of anti- Bolshevik coalition» and intervention. On the background of the possible military conflict among religious population, which were in the majority, the thesis of the fall of’ «the power of the antichrist» (soviet power) was widely spread. Religious peasants strongly believed in the fall of the soviet power.

71-74

Authors: Tatiivska Inesa

The research is connected with the analysis of activity of the National commission on questions of return to Ukraine of cultural values and State service for control over transferring of cultural values across the state border of Ukraine in preservation of works of decorative art. Characteristics of state programs in pursuance of which these works came back to Ukraine are specified. The considerable attention is paid to examples of such return. The attention to relevance of interrelation of works of decorative art and ethnodesign is paid. The methodology of research consists in application of the principle of objectivity, the intrinsic analysis and the historical principle. The specified methodological receptions allow to consider concrete events and the phenomena in all versatility, to consider their main stages of development in objective time and space in interaction of various sociocultural events. Scientific novelty of work is that the author for the first time made an attempt of systematization and the art criticism analysis of works of decorative art in the context of enrichment of forms and methods of development of ethnodesign. Preservation of works of decorative art in activity of the National commission on questions of return to Ukraine of cultural values and State service for control over transferring of cultural values across the state border of Ukraine throughout the 1990th – the early of the 2010th cause need of separate studying of this perspective for a section of cultural policy of the state, in particular, in a foreshortening of art achievements of the specified structures and developments of the sphere of ethnodesign.

80-86

Authors: Lukiianchuk Viacheslav

The article is devoted to the fight for the civil rights of the national minorities – Sinti and Roma – in Germany after World War II. The important feature of this process is its non-violent nature. The peculiarities of the formation of the organization of the movement for the civil rights of these minorities at different stages are reviewed. Furthermore, the driving forces of this movement as well as the methods and means of solving the main problems of the community in FRG at various stages are determined. The struggle of Sinti and Roma for civil rights in Germany began after the Second World War under the condition of prolonging discriminatory practices against these ethnic minorities. The main goal pursued by the leaders of this movement was to eliminate these manifestations towards the Roma community members who were citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany, as well as to help Roma refugees, who could be deported back to Germany. During the first postwar years the activists were engaged in helping the Roma in solving private material matters and problems with the restitution of their German citizenship, and in the coming decades, were united in organizations and unions that solved the Sinti and Roma community issues at the land and federal levels. Subsequently, the organizations that defended rights and freedom of Roma people in FRG came to the European and international level to engage with international organizations in order to solve the problems of the ethno-community. The experience of the struggle of Sinti and Roma in Germany for its rights demonstrates that even the most discriminated community has the ability to influence its future. During the second half of the twentieth century, the leading organizations that defended Sinti and Roma’s interests in Germany have achieved the recognition of this ethnic community as a separate national minority with its own language.

93-98

Authors: Buglai Natalia

An array of scientific research national historiography, the subject of study which, in varying degrees, is tangential to the problem of analysis of the foreign policy of the Republic of Poland in the period 1995-2005 provided by the research studios, created in the period of the Ukraine and Poland an independent states. Ukrainian historiography modern period is characterized by a considerable increase of interest in problems of world history, including the history of individual States and the relationships between them. The increased interest of domestic researchers to Polish history, especially the modern period, due, first, last joint long, including a stay of Ukrainian and Polish lands in the same States, and formed as a result of this relationships, cooperation, and secondly, the obvious interest of the official Warsaw in relations with our state of readiness to support it at the international level, and thirdly, the desire of the Ukrainian authorities to use the Polish experience in integration into the Euro-Atlantic space, primarily in terms of reaching compliance with the standards of the EU and NATO. The study of the history of Poland Ukrainian scientists contribute significantly to the relations of strategic partnership, which for our state, compared to any other de jure the same, is higher. In the end, We have reason to state formation in the modern Ukrainian historiography of the historical Polish studies as a separate thematic directions of scientific research and continuous development, replenishment of scientific heritage which the new developments still going on.

106-111

Authors: Ukhach Vasil

The article presents a modern historiographical analysis of some «complicated» issues of Ukrainian-Polish relations during their most critical period. Much attention is given to the theoretical and methodological development of the conceptual construct of the Ukrainian-Polish relations and to the problem of mutual losses. Historiography of Ukrainian-Polish relations in the period of Second World War took shape in an independent research direction during the years of independence. Unfortunately, Ukrainian- Polish relations are not only the subject of sharp scientific discussions, but also an element of political confrontation. In the historiography of both countries a number of distinguished scientific directions interprets different events in different ways. Ukrainian scholars tend to consider Ukrainian-Polish relations in a comprehensive way. Domestic scholars emphasize that the reason of the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation was «a complex of socio-political and socio-economic factors». Polish historians quote Volyn’ events out of context of Ukrainian-Polish relations. There are no generalized approaches to the question of the terminology of Ukrainian-Polish relations in Ukrainian historiography. The issue of calculating the losses of both countries during a fratricidal confrontation remains a painful problem. In Ukrainian historiography there are significant differences in the estimation of the number of victims of both conflicting nations. Ukrainian-Polish relations during the interbellum period require systematic research. Attitude of the Ukrainian moderate strata (the intellectuals) and of the UGCC to the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation. Attempts to normalize the relations of two neighboring nations, ways of understanding

116-120

Authors: Levchenko Inna

In the article the process of implementation and research in natural sciences among the members of natural, physical, chemical and mathematical societies Kharkiv. The results of studies of natural scientific societies in terms of the history of science and technology. Established and solved major scientific achievements of scientists-naturalists in the physiology of plants and animals, fauna, geological, physical, chemical and mathematical research. Defined contribution representatives of natural scientific societies in the study and teaching of science, research revealed important members of the scientific centres of Kharkiv in the context of biological, chemical, mathematical and geographical sciences (second half of XIX – early XX century). The paper highlights the fact, documented and important scientific discoveries of famous naturalists. The author analyzes the scientific achievements of members of the natural, physical, chemical and mathematical societies Kharkiv region during the period, which contributed to the development of natural, physical, chemical and mathematical sciences both in Ukraine and abroad. The paper described the results of factors and factors of their activities, which are determined by a wide range of cases implemented, namely the publication of the meetings of societies of fundamental works of eminent scientists; publication of important scientific papers on various branches of science; promoting the latest advances and developments in science both in our country and abroad; involvement in scientific communication as honorary members and corresponding members a wide range of foreign scientists and others.

125-132

Authors: Krasnozhon Andrew

In the publication analyzes the some latest publications devoted to the history of Akkerman's mosques and temples in the period from mid-fifteenth and to early nineteenth centuries. Special attention is attended to Igor Sapozhnikov's article «From the History of Akkerman's Mosques and Churches in the mid of 17th – to the first half of the 18th cent». In this material the author tries to introduce into the scientific circulation erroneous theses about the fact of built of the Akkerman's Sultan mosque of Bayazid II (Veli), in the 1510th – 1520th. Another thesis is about the localization of the medieval so-called «Moldavian church» which is in the building of the XIXth century, in the present Bulgarian Church. The article is almost compilative. There are no clearly defined scientific problems, there are a priori conclusions and a free treatment of sources. The publication is not an actual scientific work, which can make a positive useful to the specialists in the history of medieval Belgorod/Akkerman.