EMINAK

19-32

Authors: Gorbenko Kirill

The epoch of bronze century has become, according to many signs, the turning point for the peoples of Northern Black-Seacoast oikumene. The greatest model of the archaeological object of Steppe Pobughja region during the period of final bronze is the hillfort Dikiy Sad, which is situated in the historical centre of modern Mykolaiv on the high plateau of the cape of left bank of the river Ingul, in the place of its confluence with the river South Bug. The article is devoted to the analysis of the main archaeological artefacts of the hillfort. Among them the most important are the remainders of architectural buildings, the objects of material and spiritual culture. According to the archaeological complex of the hillfort we can describe Dikiy Sad as the bright phenomenon among the archaeological monuments of the period of final bronze of the steppe line of the South Ukraine, which fulfil the function of cultural and religions, commercial and economical and political centre of Eastern Europe in II-I millennium B.C.

41-44

Authors: Kopylov Viktor, Rusakov Mikhail

The paper considers the causes of the lack of early Scythian funeral monuments dated middle of 7th – third quarter of 6th centuries BC in the area of economic and political interests of Borysthenes and Olbia. Possible reasons for it are: absence of Scythians’ main traditional seasonal paths in the region; resource based economy of early Greek colonies; lack of contractual relations between Greeks and nomads. These factors may be the reasons for the absence of early Scythian funeral monuments in the area. It is highlighted that the definitive decision of the problem claims further studies.

54-64

Authors: Shelehan Olexander

The article is devoted to the social characteristics of warrior’s burials with blade weapon. For analysis area of the Scythian culture in the Forest-Steppe of Eastern Europe was selected. 140 complexes were considered. Main attention was concentrated on the composition of the funeral feast. Complexes with blade weapon were divided in four social groups. 36 underprivileged complexes were attributed as burials of ordinary swordsmen. Some of the ordinary burials can be considered as autochthonous agricultural inhabitants. Burials of bodyguards were outlined due to representative set of armament with lack of precious finds. There are 45 complexes of this group. Burials of elite bodyguards are also numbers 45 complexes. This group is similar to the previous one. But it stands out by the single finds of status items. Tombs of the aristocracy are characterized by a complex set of prestigious things. There are 14 graves of this group. Only some of poor graves could be considered as farmer’s burials. Another complexes distinguished by markers of Scythian burial ritual: precious trophies, some attributes of cult (stone altars, bronze mirrors, chariot’s finials, wooden bowls), horses and slaves burials. Also, ceremonial weapon (inclusive with oilstones and scourges), pairs of swords, zoomorphic chapes and scaly armour (especially precious and import details) considered as nomad’s indicator. Correlation of swords and daggers with other prestigious artefacts indicate high social status of thumping majority of swordsmen. Considered burials of swordsmen are distinguished by professional ranks, age-specific an gender characteristics. Perhaps the fact of possession of blade weapon was a marker of ethno-social identity. It is also possible to suggest an ethnic difference of noble warriors and ordinary farmers. So, it could be considered that Scythians were on the high rank of the social structure among the farmer tribes. And Forest-Steppe region was involved in the common military-politic structure of the Scythia.

77-86

Authors: Сhistov Dmitry

The layout, elements of interior and construction techniques used for building houses of the archaic Berezan settlement reveals certain local features. They include the wide use of premises with a sunken floor level, and the practice of erecting small isolated buildings within the boundaries of the house. Despite considerable variation in the size of houses and the lack of sustainable planning types, houses of the Berezan settlement are distinguished by their rather large dimensions in comparison to the known residential structures of other urban centers in the North Pontic region during the Archaic period.

101-112

Authors: Braund Devid

In this paper to considered various concerns and problems which are not usually discussed together, even though they share a common relevance to the history of Olbia and the western Black Sea in the years of the late Roman Republic and early Principate. In particular, to tackled the (perhaps shockingly) small amount of direct evidence for King Burebista, about whom so much has been written and imagined by modern scholars. Here the purpose is to consider not simply how much we really know about his reign (and more specifically his dealings with Olbia), but also the nature and causes of the evident interest in him by Greek writers of the Roman period. That to entailed some consideration of the abiding significance of traditions surrounding Zalmoxis and other Thracians (notably Rhesus) from at least the fifth century BC, through imperial Greek culture, and on into late antiquity. And that in turn to highlighted the role of philosophy in its many forms (including politics, medicine and the possible immortality of the soul) in Greek and Roman conceptions about Olbia and its broader region, with the Cynic philosopher Bion (often known as Bion of Borysthenes) to the fore. A neglected (and problematic) few lines of Philodemus will be brought to bear on these matters, while we may be left with a rather different sense even of Burebista.

129-132

Authors: Skrzhinskа Marina

This article contains all Olbia inscriptions mentioning ambassadors. On behalf of the authorities, they asked for military help, brought contributions to the coffers of other countries, among which can safely be called Athens, Pontus and Rome. In addition, the ambassadors were taken tribute to the barbarians, so they do not ravage the city and its rural districts. Сitizens of Olbia, like other Greeks, honorary decrees mentioned in the successful implementation of diplomatic duties, among other distinguished service of the citizen. In the Greek city states was no professional ambassadors, among them elected citizens who meet the requirements for the successful execution of an order. The task standing before the ambassadors were very varied and always determined current policy of a state. But one goal in all Greek embassies was common: a sacred fit out Embassy.

143-147

Authors: Ivchenko Andrii

The article discusses some issues related to early olbain ground crypts. Previously, the time of their occurrence was defined as the line 5-4 centuries BC or the beginning of the 4th century BC. They were considered as collective burials. It debated the questions of the prevalence of steps or ramps for dromos construction, material for the walls of the burial and orientation of the crypts. A detailed analysis of the source base was made. The base for early dating ground crypts were tested. List of early ground crypts was clarified and extended. As a result, the time of appearance ground crypts was determined as the middle or second half at 4 century BC. The second half at 4 century BC looks more authentic. Statistical analysis showed that the material for the construction of the burial walls were bricks from raw clay and stones and at the same time. Bricks from raw clay slightly prevailed. The same, steps and ramps for dromos construction used at the same time. The earliest ground crypts were individual graves. This is one of the main conclusions. The first ground crypts with pair burials appear only in the first half of the 3rd century BC.

155-163

Authors: Kotenko Viktoriia

The issue of relations between Chersonesos and Olbia on the archaeological sources at Hellenistic period a long time has been considered in the scientific literature. The nature of political relations between these polises at this time are unclear, regardless of the source base provided massive archaeological material, which are pottery. Mutual trade and economic contacts between polises demonstrates primarily by the Chersonesian material from Olbia presented by container amphorae, that was investigated by M.I. Zolotarev, and tableware. The source base in this case is a ceramic complex from Maslyny settlement of Chersonesian chora with a wide range of Chersonesian products of Hellenistic period, and painted pottery from excavations of Olbia. Archaeological material from Maslyny settlement contains some finds which clearly demonstrates the trade and economic contacts between Chersonesian and Olbian polices. It presented by grey-ware pottery (fish plates, small jugs, kantharoi), which made in ergasteria of Olbia according to preliminary conclusions based on the study of mass Olbian Late Archaic material. Reverse side of Chersonesian and Olbian contacts traced on the analysis of table painted ceramics. Imported dishes of Chersonesian production in Olbia represented by the compact groups of table jugs with painting and small container in the form of flasks. Painted dishes presented by jugs of various shapes with floral ornament or horizontal stripes red or brown color located mainly in the middle part of vessel. Similar pottery is known in Chersonesos and in the settlements of its chora, where it belongs to mass ceramics material. Based on the results, should also review the thesis of Chersonesos and Olbia conflict. Military conflict between Chersonesos and Olbia has very local character, given the proven economic relations between polises at Hellenistic time based on the materials of the settlements of Chersonesian chora, in particular Maslyny settlement and Olbia. Thus, based on the analysis of tableware from Olbia and from Maslyny settlement of Chersonesian chora, which consists mainly of gray-ware products and painted jugs, we found out that between these polises existing trade and economic relations in the Hellenistic period. Moreover, we can talk about the existence of northwestern vector of Chersonesian trade, which was directed to ancient polises in the Northwestern Black Sea region.

169-177

Authors: Khmelevskij Dmytro

Opposite the western gate of the city Olbia settlement was suburb VI-IV centuries BC, which was located on the top of the hill west Hare beams. After the demise of the suburbs in the middle of the 4th century BC. e. upland area on the western slope Hare beams from the end of 4 century BC. part of the territory of the necropolis of the Hellenistic period. During a large collection of works lead votive product was collected on a Hellenistic necropolis and territories Predgradie. These findings have not been published, and cited only as an accompanying material. Basically, the material comes from burials of the Hellenistic period, completing the dromos and the various layers of plot Cape 1. The main type of lead product up – handles of various wooden structures, bucranium, Labrys, various figures and a lesser degree of items for household and commercial use, occurring in the territory of Olbia and choirs (spindles, fishing sinkers).

189-203

Authors: Matera Marcin

This article analyzes the scale and dynamics of Rhodes`s import in Tanais. Analysis carried out on the basis of the mass of the ceramic material (ceramic container fragments) and ceramic stamps found during archaeological research of the monument. There peculiar character Tanais trade against other centers of Greek Northern Black Sea. Around the 60s the II BC it flows entirely different way than in the other centers. It emphasizes the role of the supply of products in Rhodes trade to Tanais (especially throughout the II century BC). While its relatively small average annual volume. Fixes a minor part of Rhodes`s import trade to Tanais in the first decades of existence of the city and at the end of the Hellenistic history. When the import of goods from Rhodes reached large scale, they are intended primarily to meet the needs of city residents, and not to trade with the barbarians.

210-217

Authors: Smyrnov Olexander

The article provides an answer to the charges of Ivan Snytko regarding the legality of the name of new archaeological sites in the city of Mykolayiv revealed in 2010-11 and investigated by the author in 2011. Given the argument about names, and given the facts that reinforces our point of view that the names and identification of such archaeological sites as cemetery «Oleksandrívs’kiy» of the Classical period (V – early III cent. B.C.) and «Staroflots’kí kazarmy»of Roman time. In 2015 was launched a discussion about the legitimacy of the approach is the name of «Oleksandrívs’kiy» cemetery of a Hellenistic time in Mykolayiv city, and the necropolis of Roman period the «Staroflots’kí kazarmy». I. Snytko offers to call the all burials of necropolis of settlement Mykolayiv-6, arguing that the name is enshrined in the scientific literature, and the necropolis was known at the time of 2010 (re-opening). The article is written with the aim of avoiding unnecessary confusion regarding this monument, which opponent considers a single set of the necropolis of the settlement Mykolayiv-6, which has a different site and has no right to be a separate archaeological sites and has no right to be named by its geographical localization. In particular it should be noted that we do not exclude, that the inhabitants of the settlement Mykolayiv-6 are directly related to the tombs of «Oleksandrívs’kiy» cemetery. After considering the arguments about the names of the opened archaeological objects, we believe that the names are correct and fully deserve its autonomous existence.

225-232

Authors: Nykonenko Dmitry

The author takes the complex highlights of Gray-clay ceramics from the late Scythian settlements of Lower Dnieper attractions such as dishes, which traditionally occupies a prominent place in ceramics Northern Black Sea. Special attention is paid to the comparison of this type of vessel to material Late settlements and Olbia, as the nearest the ancient center. Gray-clay pottery ceramics lower Dnieper dining room of the late settlements varied in its forms. Among them there are pitchers, bowls, pots, plates, bowls, kantharos. The most common types of dishes for the Late gray-clay settlements and Olbia are the same, it is - pitchers with high cylindrical neck and rounded bowls. The differences observed among the rarer forms. The nature of the clay used for the production coincides with Olbian findings. The percentage of gray-clay pottery utensils among all significantly less than in Olbia, and form less diverse.

238-241

Authors: Grebennikov Victor

The article to revealed the history of research of monuments of Cherniakhiv culture in the Mykolayiv region. Information is given on the main exploration and excavation of monuments of the III-IV centuries. AD The first studies of monuments of Chernyakhiv culture on the territory of the region began in the 1920s. And the rapid growth of their discoveries – from the 1960s. To date, the number of monuments of Chernyakhiv culture in the region is 2 townships, 162 settlements and 16 burial grounds. Numerous archaeological expeditions contributed to the growth of the number of monuments of the Chernyakhiv culture on the territory of the region and the degree of study. A special input to the study of Chernyakhіv monuments in the territory of Mykolayiv region was made by B.V. Magometov. The author also outlines the prospects for further studies of the monuments of the Chernyakhov culture on the territory of the Mykolaiv region.

251-255

Authors: Savelyev Oleg

Bone tesserae found during excavations in Tyras are being published in the article. One of them, round in shape, had been used as a dam to play checkers; it has digital and alphabetical symbols XII and IB. It is dated from Ist century AD and is probably of Italic origin. Two others are made of thin oblong plate whose upper part ends with oval projection, one has a through hole. They had been used as labels for bags or purses. They are well known in Roman camps of the European part of the empire and dated from II-III century AD. Tesserae are increasing the innumerous series of similar finds in the Northern Black Sea area and could serve as additional materials to characterize the daily life of Tyras people in first centuries AD.

264-269

Authors: Gopkalo Oksana, Rudych Tetiana

Among Chernyachov – Sîntana de Mureş Culture’s grave goods bronze objects: knives, pinsers, scissors, ear picks were found. Most of these things are published, but they have never been analyzed together. These items belong to grave goods categories, which point to occupations, business and social status, by N.M.Kravchenko. The aim of this article is to establish the function of these objects. On the basis analysis of seventy the Chernyakhov – Sîntana de Mureş Culture’s graves were suggested that they used with medical and hygienic purposes. In particular knives could use for rituals, medical manipulations, hygiene and cutleries; pinsers and scissors used probably in sphere personal hygiene, cosmetic and medicine; ear picks used for hygienic aim. Finds of these objects are concentrating on the west part of Chernyakhov – Sîntana de Mureş Culture’s area. Population of this regions were neighbours of provincial-roman population. Ancient peoples cared for to their health: hygiene and medicine. Some elements of this approach extended to neighboring areas. In particular, carriers of these ideas have been Roman legionaries, among which, starting from the II century AD was a significant percentage of Greeks. Legionnaires seriously cared about their health. Thus, the legionnaires Lower Moesia was at a premium cult of the god-healer Asclepius. Cults of Asclepius and Hygieia appeared in Hersonissos and Olbia with legioners. So, bronze objects from Chernyachov – Sîntana de Mureş Culture’s grave goods were polyfunctional, most of them could be used for medical assistance and for hygienic and beauty treatments. The fact that they were made of bronze, which had a certain sacred burden reflects the influence of Greco-Roman ideas.

279-288

Authors: Vynohradova Olha

The article represents the results of analysis of linear enamel hypoplasia of the Scythian population from 4 burials from the territory of Ukraine. Linear enamel hypoplasia is a defect of enamel resulting from systemic growth disturbances and is used as indicator of physiological stress in childhood. Human skeletal remains from two ground burials Skelky (V-IV c. BC) and Svitlovodsk (IV-III c. BC), and from two mound burials Medvyn (VII-VI c. BC) and Vyshchetarasivka (IV-III c. BC) were studied for enamel hypoplasia prevalence to explore its variations according to sex and time of development of growth disruptions. Analysis of the enamel hypoplasia of Scythians revealed a difference between settled and semi-nomadic communities. Nevertheless, in all 4 samples the highest number of defects was noted to occur at the age of 4-5 years. It was considered that at such age weaning was not the main factor of enamel hypoplasia occurrence. The differentiation of linear enamel hypoplasia rates between settled and semi-nomadic communities was due to the impact of various factors associated with their lifestyle, environment, and type of economy.

297-300

Authors: Gejko Anatoliy

A great number of antique monuments were studied in details during the 200-years history of the excavations in the South of Ukraine. Pottery is the most popular category of finds during the archaeological resources. In the second half of the 19th – early 20th century scientists admitted ceramics as an important source, which could help solve the questions connected with ethnic, cultural history of ancient people, its chronology, etc. In the end of the 19th century the centre of studying the antique archaeology monuments was formed in Odesa. Here a historian, archaeologist, professor of the Department of Classical Philology, director of the Odesa association of history, ceramologist Ernest Romanovych fon Shtern should be mentioned. He was a dean of the History-Philological Department of the Novorosiys’k university in Odesa. He devoted a lot of his scientific works to studying pottery and he admitted ceramics as a main category of finds for the ancient past researchers. At that time a lot of researchers who showed a great interest to studying pottery were appearing. Pavlo Bekker, Nykodym Kondakov, Borys Formakovs’ky, Vladyslav Yurgevych, Oleksandr Bert’ie-Delagard, Ivan Linnichenko were often interested in antique ceramics or in their forgeries and also in inscriptions or pictures on the amphora handles.

306-312

Authors: Karyaka Alexander

This article is devoted to the line of problem questions bounder with the process of organization and first steps of activity of temporary scientific council in the management of Olbian expedition in 1927. Special attention is devoted to the preconditions and circumstances which led to creating of collective council of management and to the role of some persons and institutions in this process. The solution of this circle of questions is based on the significant number of archival documents, mainly of Scientific archives of IA NASU, different published data. Mentioned materials are evidence of existence of numerous different level contradictions between government institutions of that time (mainly VUAK and Ukrnauka) and some of their persons. The impossibility of their principal and logical solution naturally led to the creating of collective body – scientific council – for the management of Olbian expedition.

320-326

Authors: Kuzmischev Alexander

The article describes the activities of the famous archaeologist of the late XIX – early XX century E.R. von Stern directed against counterfeit antiques and falsifiers. Special works devoted to the contribution of E.R. von Stern in the matter of exposing and combating falsifications, does not yet exist. This article aims to fill this void. Presented fight against fakes in the area of ancient epigraphy, the history with «Tiara of Saitaferne» confrontation with the Hochman brothers. Through the activities of E.R. von Stern managed to weaken the production of fake antiquities, undermine the reputation of fakes dealers, and identify many imitations that were previously admitted as authentic and have been the in the museum collections. The author also notes the active work of E.R. von Stern in the matter of organizing a systematic struggle against falsifiers, raising this issue at the X Archaeological Congress in Riga. Also, the scientist actively opposed the destruction of archaeological sites because of predatory excavations.

15-19

Authors: Kozlenko Roman

The article considers the problem of localization of the «Cimmerian fortresses», which are mentioned in the «History» of Herodotus. Discusses the objectivity of preliminary mapping of the referenced objects with located in the Eastern Crimea powerful shafts. Basing on the recent discoveries and researches of fortified settlements of the late bronze age in Northern Black sea coast, there is proposing a new locations for the mentioned in the «History» «Κιμμέρια τείχεα». Bosporus shafts could not be known to Herodotus. Accordingly, the search data fortification should be extended to the side of the steppe region of the Black sea territory of Scythia. The remains of fortifications of the hillforts of the late bronze age the Dikiy Sad, Reprinskoe fortified settlement and the fortress at Crocmaz village could be known to the Scythians and the Greeks, and correlated with the Cimmerians.

25-29

Authors: Volcanov Sergey

The article discusses the position of στρατηγός ἐξ ἁπάντων – a general elected without any regard to his tribe from all Athenian people, whereas the rest of the strategoi were elected by tribes. It should be noted that this problem has found its development mainly in the Anglo-German historiography and today it is far away from its settlement. Here is given an attempt to determine the time of emergence of the στρατηγός ἐξ ἁπάντων, the procedure of election, whether it gave extra authorities and when the Athenians ceased to practice this appointment. This issue involves another problem in defining of powers and place of the most prominent generals and politicians in the political system of Athens. During the research we came to conclusion that the position of στρατηγός ἐξ ἁπάντων takes its rise in the Persian Wars, and it was dictated by the military necessity to hand command over Athenian regiment to the one strategoi, who had influence among his colleagues, and abilities of a talented commander. By itself, this position had no extra authorities. It is possible to conclude that the election of στρατηγός ἐξ ἁπάντων was not clearly regulated in the Athenian law. The Athenians continued to elect στρατηγός ἐξ ἁπάντων down to the end of the era of Pericles 430/20 BC.

36-43

Authors: Zahariev Volodymyr

Ancient noble family Scibor of Ostoja coat of arms was famous from the 15th century. Her members lived in Calish, Seradz, Krakow and Sandomierz Voivodeships. Members of this clan received their surname Marchocki from the name of the small village Marchocice. The patrimonial name Scibor was used as a supplement to the surname. Several members of this family became famous thanks to the memoirs (Nicholas Scibor-Marchocki from Marchocice let the memories about the Moscow war, the nun Marianna Marchocka became the first pole who in the middle of the 17th century wrote autobiography). In the second part of the 18th century members of the family Scibor-Marchocki began to live in Podilia. Ignacy Marchocki was the most famous member of this clan, who had the title of «redux», that he invented. In 1813 I. Marchocki had the title of count but for restless disposition he was deprived of this title in 1822. Prolonged attempts of Marchocki to regain the title of count was a success only in 1908. Ignacy Marchocki proclaimed his estates in Podilia as an independent Minkowce state, where he held progressive reforms in social and household life. The lands that he bought near Odessa became county «Ruffipolis», where podolians lived. Son of Ignacy Marchocki Karol continued his father’s reforms. But for participation in secret organizations he was deprived of the possessions. Five sons of Karol achieved success in jurisprudence, bank and economic occupation. The patrimony of Marchocki Lyubomila was settled. His grandson Julian, who was admitted to the Polish troops in 1919, after demobilization settled in Polish Pomerania, where he engaged in agriculture. The last representative of Marchocki’s family was Stanislav and he died in 2015.

53-59

Authors: Stepanchuk Yuri

The revival of establishing the image of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and his nation-building activities in the patriotic historiography began in the second half of the 1980s. Till this time there were almost no studies devoted to the problems of Ukrainian statehood in middle XVII century. But the exception was the questions of diplomatic activity of the Government of B. Khmelnitsky. Proclaimed in 1985 by M. Gorbachev «glasnist» and political liberalization began to bring unexpected positive results. Therefore, the emergence of new historiographical facts about B. Khmelnitsky and the formation of its newest establishing image should be considered in the context of the indissoluble political development of the society of that time. So professor S. Kulchytsky testifies that the rebuilding in the historical science had been actually unfolded in 1988-1989. First, in some newspaper and magazine articles on social and political themes, then – in brochures and scientific journals they had begun to reconsider some stereotypical positions of the national history. In 1990-1991 the first monographic works were published and written from the standpoint of new thinking. In historical science there had been the gradual and the comprehensive retreat from class concepts and principles of Marxist methodology. Above all, it turned out that the researchers had stopped to rely on the works of classics of Marxism-Leninism, the decisions of party congresses, conferences, etc. The first historiographical facts of redefining the image of B. Khmelnitsky and the National revolution of the mid- XVII century appeared in the second half of the 1980s. If in Soviet times the figure of Hetman was a symbol of the ideological class struggle and unity of two fraternal peoples, then in modern Ukrainian historiography B. Khmelnytsky took the place of an apologist for the Ukrainian national state-building of the middle of XVII century.

69-76

Authors: Popovych Oleksij

In the article about the Ukrainian resistance movement during the Second World War, especially its presentation in textbooks and manuals. The influence of the present teaching and educational narrative on the historical memory of youth. To improve the structure and content of school textbooks in the article the following recommendations. There is a great need for coverage of the history of the Ukrainian resistance movement during the Second World War in particular single region; entry into the school books on the history of Ukraine subjects related to the fighting in Ukraine during the Second World War, various Polish, Romanian and Hungarian armies; minimizing the propaganda rhetoric in the interpretation of the history of the Ukrainian liberation movement, the need for analysis of the national armed forces Ukrainian, which serve many Russians, Belarusians, Georgians and other peoples of the USSR. The content of textbooks could enrich subjects related to Ukrainian participation in the international anti-Nazi resistance movement. It is inappropriate to serve as a school literature untested generalizations concerning figures which carried the debate, particularly on the number of victims of the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation during the Second World War.

82-86

Authors: Gorburov Evgen, Gorburov Kіrіl

This publication first completes biography of the known navigator of XX century sea captain Stefan P. Belyaiev (10.05.1895- 04.02.1952). S. Belyaev, who served as Chief of Mykolayiv seaport in 1918, managed to escape from the repressive machinery of the Soviet power. In the 1930s he worked in the Far East. In the years of Second World War steamship «Dekabrist» under the control of captain S. Belyaiev was accomplished by a maiden voyage from the USA in the USSR, delivering an armament and live ammunition. Disclosed events difficult years of war and captivity, liberation and filtering by the NKVD-MGB. Study and research work in the final of searching to «closed» blank spots in the biography of Stepan Belyaev, making it more complete and telling interesting facts associated with this wonderful man. The history of Mykolayiv and Mykolayiv’ land replenished yet another biography of a her native.

96-101

Authors: Opatskyi Ihor

Based on archival documents from the personnel fund of Petro P. Kurinnyi (1894-1972) and his father’s diary Petro F. Kurinnyi (1852-1931) the activity of Uman branch of Kyiv Society for antiquities and arts protection had been analyzed. The following basic directions of the activities: archaeological, archival, and ethnographic had been stated. It was found that the members of the society carried out a considerable work on the study of archaeological sites of Uman region, archaeological excursions had been periodically initiated and carried out. The antiquity and arts investigation had been conducted during the mentioned excursions. The branch members tried to find the archives of the former Uman military settlements. The special attention was paid to the detection of underground tunnels and to the plans of making their detailed map. Attention is drawn to the ethnographic and other activities of the branch. Scientific debates that had arisen between members of the branch during working meetings were characterized. The society members actively discussed the issues related to the key moments of Uman history. Due to the meetings protocols, the work of the most active members of the branch had been analyzed. It was found that Khrysanf Yaschurzhynskyi had been heading the branch of Kyiv Society for Antiquities and Arts Protection for a long time, but from September 8, 1917 he branch was headed by Petro Kurinnyi. His father – Petro F. Kurinnyi held the position of treasurer. The study allows the conclusion that the members of the Uman branch of Kyiv Society for Antiquities and Arts Protection made a large amount of work for the descriptions, research and preservation of various types of antiquities and arts in Uman region. Military actions and events of the revolution were in the way of implementation of many planned activities.

107-111

Authors: Sribna Mariya

In article on the basis of the collection of the National Museum of history of Ukraine is analysed documentary material collection on the theme, «The culture and art of Ukraine in the context the XX – early XXI century». Shows the main points and describes the problems faced by the scientific staff when recruiting collection. In 25 years of independence of Ukraine was attributed to the materials of theatrical art, cinema, music and circus arts. Given the difficult economic situation in the country, researchers do not often have the opportunity to organize business trip to different cities of Ukraine with the acquisition of exhibits of the topic. Therefore, the funds stored materials that best represent the activity of cultural and art institutions in the city Kiev.

10-14

Authors: Yanchuk Mykhailo

Operating basic archives the article shows the activity of rural communities in Uman County of Kiev Province as to opening elementary public schools in the 60s of 19th century. The paper gives the samples of judgments produced by peasant congregations according to which villagers were obliged to maintain and issue salary to a teacher. It was found out that the texts of the judgments were typical. They differed in terms of villagers’ responsibilities in respect to issuing teacher’s salaries in rural schools; allocation of premises or buildings for schooling; heating and lighting. Contrasting judgments of rural communities for different schools showed that the higher teacher’s salary were issued where there was more land under taxation and more school-aged children. The amount of wages comprised of the funds from every arpent and charge from parents for every pupil. It is mentioned that during the active school building period in late 19th schools were organized in different places and then gradually new schools were constructed.

23-29

Authors: Kizlova Antonina

The article deals with the set of contexts in which the Lavra brethren was involved into social communication related to the coffins, shrines, tombs and reliquaries for holy relics and their partials. Research of this problem in concrete monastery with numerous sacred objects will help to expose the features of holiness perception on the different levels of Orthodox society in 19th – early 20th ct. This work will also be useful to understanding of social connections forming around the objects of prayer honouring. The author makes conclusions, that the coffins, shrines, tombs and reliquaries were important as a communications shaping factor. The assignment of entombments related responsibilities between the monks and novices of the cloister as well as between external merchants and artisans was clearly articulated. The Lavra executive were very responsible at every stage of entombments related working processes. For Lavra brethren the saints’ tombs were significant information-carrying mediums in communication with prayers. The relations with manifold donators connected with holy relics receptacles were regularized. The monks were on mettle to make these relations predictable. The ulterior spiritual and material motives for the replacement of holy relics into new or repaired receptacles need subsequent research on the base of a wide range of official and private sources.

38-42

Authors: Dotsenko Viktor

The article analyses the statehood, cultural and educational activity of Ukrainian national Bolshevik Mykola Skrypnyk. He is described as a participant of Ukrainian Bolshevik government activities and a person connected with the creation of the CP(b)U. Separate parts of the article are devoted to his contribution as a People’s Commissar for Education in 1927-1933. The fate of this vibrant and dubious person closely combines two concepts: individual tragedy and the tragedy of the era. He belonged to that rapid time that absorbed the heroism and drama of the revolution and the creation of a new society, the greatness of ups and the shame of downs, triumph of victories and bitterness of defeats. Devotion to the interests of Bolshevik party (as he understood them) marked by difficult and painful search of the most effective ways to solve a complex social and economic, political and cultural issues during his 35-year membership in it, fully characterizes the life of M. Skrypnyk. His outlook and willpower were formed in terms of uncompromising struggle. But unfortunately, he did not understand the aspiration of the Ukrainian people to national self-determination caused by revolution. And in the battle of two opposing sides he remained faithful to his beliefs supporting the interests of Bolshevik party. Being a faithful Leninist, Skrypnyk proved himself to be a Ukrainian Soviet statesman as well as an ideologist of Ukrainization in 1920. M. Skrypnyk had also to work on building a new political system of the state of «dictatorship of the proletariat» and the work on «Ukrainization» in circumstances when it was increasingly loosing its previous social and political direction and was turning into a cover of a totalitarian coup. Beyond any doubt M. Skrypnyk sincerely fought for Ukrainianization, but understood it as communist national policy.

47-50

Authors: Kozhyna Аlоna

The article is devoted Soviet state policy in forming the «new man» by means of Secondary and Higher education in 1920s. One of the controversial issues of our time is the mean of the State’s role in the education system. But today we haven’t the single answer to this question. This problem needs to solved careful study of previous experience in management education. Therefore, the actual problem is the State policy on education in the early days of the Soviet regime (1920-ies), because this period was a time of experimentation in this area. Among the major innovations: free of charge and total access to education, breaking the link with religion education, paying much attention to labor training and the learning environment. In Ukrainian schools there were many new techniques in higher education to inclusive – system’s indicative of the student government. But even all sufficiently advanced for the time learning tools and educational practices were subject to the same primary objective – the education of the «new man» completely loyal to the Soviet regime.

56-60

Authors: Fedorenko Yanina

The article studies the problem of development and operation of agricultural market infrastructure. The author emphasises that the given topic is extremely up-to-date because after the events of the year 2014 our country chose new direction in its development. It has become a strategically important task to form a market-oriented organizational structure of the agricultural sector. And the improvement of the activity of the basic elements of agricultural market infrastructure was a necessary condition for that. In the main part of the article, the author concentrates on the issues connected with the operation of the basic elements of the infrastructure: wholesale markets of agricultural products, agricultural trade houses, cooperatives, exhibitions and fairs, agricultural exchange houses. The author analyzed in detail every single element during the whole Independence Period beginning from 1990s and up to and including 2014. There was also given the analysis of the problems that were the obstacles on the way to the full development of the nation. In the end of the article there is a conclusion that the weak support of the state, insufficient taxation system and the shadow schemes in the domestic and foreign trade resulted in the ineffective operation of almost all elements of agricultural market infrastructure

67-71

Authors: Pulya Iryna

The article deals with the history of the volunteerism, analyzed performance index of world charity, the current state of philanthropy in Ukraine. December 5, 2014 Organization United Nations in Ukraine and the Government of Ukraine and voluntary organizations presented the results of a nationwide study of volunteering in Ukraine. The article presents findings of a study conducted by the company GfK Ukraine, Ukrainian recognize the important role of volunteerism in social processes: 62% recognize the importance of volunteers in the political changes of 2014, 85% believe that volunteering helps promote peace, and 81% tend to think of the volunteer motion obligatory part of civil society. Also, tells the story of Ukrainian volunteers Miroslava Gaja, Victoriji and Alexandra Kononovyh, who handed flags Museum of Ukraine. Volunteering has become an integral part of the profound changes in the social structure of Ukrainian society, which began to happen after the recent events on the Maidan. Indikated thet the subject matter concerned are engaged in native scientists as M. Kozachuk, O. Pankova, O. Kasperovych, O. Ishcenco, M. Chukhrai, I. Tokhtarova, L. Shimchenko. Theoretical Laws of Ukraine, other normative acts, printed periodic matters, internet resources, served theoretical and methodological basis of work. The reasons of this process are revealed, as well as the background of the current state of the state-society relations in the sphere of volunteering.

77-80

Authors: Lukianov Oleksandr

The article to elucidate the history of the Belarusian volunteer. The participation and role of Belarusian volunteer units in the fighting in Eastern Ukraine during anti-terrorist operations on Ukraine’s side to analyzed also. Belarusian volunteers in the various Ukrainian units took part in the most fierse fighting on the front lines in during 2014- 2016. In particular in the battalion «Donbass» in Ilovaisk in August 2014. Belarusians in the Ukrainian volunteer unit «Right Sector» defending Donetsk airport. Belarusians of battalion «Azov» released Shyrokine village and the surrounding area in winter 2015. Article based on fund collection of the National Museum of History of Ukraine. March 25, 2016 in Kiev, Ukraine National Museum of History opened an exhibition «Belarusian with Ukraine in the heart» is devoted to Belarusian and Ukrainian soldiers who fought side by side in eastern Ukraine. Her works were presented Ukrainian and Belarusian artists written in the area of ATO and things dead soldiers tactical group «Belarus» Ukrainian Volunteer Corps. March 28 in Kyiv on the street 22 Belarusian opened a memorial plaque dedicated to three fallen Belarus Mikhail Zhyznevsky who died in the capital of Ukraine on the street Grushevskogo January 22, 2014 from a gunshot wound during the Revolution of Dignity. Ales Cherkashyn and Ukrainian soldier tactical group «Belarus» Vitaly Tilizhenko.

87-92

Authors: Povyssha Maryna

The first in the Russian Empire higher technical school for women was established 110 years ago, on 28th January 1906. Higher women polytechnic courses were opened in St. Petersburg. Professor Mykola Leonidovych Shchukin who was called the «father of Russian locomotive building» was elected the rector of the Technological Institute. There was only one department in the institution during the first two years. Architectural and Civil Engineering departments appeared later. Moreover Architectural department enjoyed a great popularity. The need to create such a facility in the Russian Empire was evidenced by fact that there were submitted 700 applications in the first year alone and the contest was three persons in place. M.L. Shchukin made such major gains that there were four faculties at these courses: Architectural, Civil Engineering, Electromechanical and Chemical and education period grew to 7 years. The analysis of M.L. Shchukin’s pedagogical activity has been made in the article.

98-108

Authors: Dovzhyk Alla

The article investigates Valentina Radzymovska’s life and scientific work as Professor, Doctor of Medical and Physiological Sciences, founder of Ukrainian school of physiologists and biochemists, the professor at Kiev Medical Institute and the Kiev Institute of Public Education, current member of the Research Department of Pedology, the Head of the Physiology Department at Research Institutes of Nationwide Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, a social activist. In the Kyiv archives the author has found documents which substantially supplement the information about the early life of Valentyna Radzymovska (nee Yanovska). Thus, in the State Archives of Kyiv in the fund number 244 – Kyiv Higher Classes for women was found the identified personal file of the student of Medical Branch Valentyna Radzymovska, which stored its documents of application for membership and certificate of completion. Also, in the number 352 Fund – Kyiv Medical Institute her personal file has been discovered. It reflects personal data, teaching load, position, list of scientific papers and reviews on them etc. The fund number 166 – Public Commissariat of Education of the USSR Central State Archives of higher authorities of Ukraine has found Curriculum vitae and report on scholarly work full member of the research department of pedology. The fund number 509 – Yanovska Lyubov Central State Archive of Literature and Arts of Ukraine Valentyna Yanovska preserved letters to parents. Based on these documents, the article added by information about the early life of Valentyna Radzymovska (nee Yanovska). In particular, the specified information about the place of birth on a hamlet Tarnavschyna in Matyativka Lubny district, Poltava province, not the city Lubnah as researchers wrote. Revealed that in women’s gymnasium after Alexandra Duchynska in Kyiv she received the title of a home teacher, then studied natural science courses for female M. Lokhvitska-Skalon in St.-Petersburg, not the St.-Petersburg University, as previously has been thought. Established that the higher medical education she received at the medical department of the Higher Courses for Women in Kyiv. This gave us the opportunity to reveal some little known facts from the life and fully reveal the image of prominent scientist, science ascetic Valentyna Radzymovska.

114-118

Authors: Apostol Mychailo

Contribution of academician of NAAS M.V. Zubets to the development of scientific support for agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, increase its competitiveness was highlighted. The scientist made his way from the main zootechnician of the department of breeding work of General Directorate of Animal Husbandry and Poultry of Ministry of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR to the Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR. His achievements in the development of the Directorate of Beef Cattle Industry, Ministry of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR and the Main Department of Scientific and Technical Progress in the Fields of Agro-Industrial Complex of State Agricultural Committee of the Ukrainian SSR were summarized. The scientist formulated the concept of organization of specialized beef cattle industry in the Ukrainian SSR, created beef breeds of cattle. He initiated the introduction of a number of innovations: 1) scientific-production association; 2) facilities for sire breeding and evaluation; 3) republican sire sperm bank; 4) long-term large-scale breeding programs; 5) pedigree reproducers of the foreign beef breeds; 6) farms for growing, evaluation and intensive using of the bulls of the beef breeds and so on. The ways to use the creative heritage of the scientist at the present stage of development of agrarian sector of Ukraine in European integration conditions were outlined.

14-17

Authors: Gerasymov Tymofiy

On the base of unpublished archives documents and periodical materials press the author elucidated the problem of evasion from military service in the Russian army by men liable for call-up during the First World War. It’s cleared up that during 1914- 1917 the main ways of call-up were: bribery of medical commission members, falsification of health state, simulation of illnesses, arrangement to fictitious work, concealment. It is clear that at the beginning of war time the attempts of evasion from mobilization had episodical nature. It was explained by strong patriotic movement and temporary raising of service prestige in the army. The mass cases of the evasion were noticed even in 1916, when the society, inspire of great military propaganda, lost interest to the war conducting towards a triumphal end. The appearance of numerous publications in the newspaper of the Right-Bank Ukraine about the disclosure of those, who evaded, in order to censure them publicity, had no desired results. The contribution of evasion from military service turned to a very profitable business. The unwillingness of many men called up for military service to go to the war caused the appearance of whole underground organizations in the towns in the investigated region capable to give any service for a money consider ration, certificate of doing military service. All this, by the way, proved the rot of the tsar’s bureaucratic machinery, without which corruption of the mentioned organizations couldn’t be so effective and impudent. They were the most effective in Kyiv. In this large overpopulated city (according to some calculation, up to one million persons lived in it during the war) a many thousand army of those, who evaded concealed.

27-32

Authors: Papuha Yaroslav

The paper studies the organization of the Protest and Mourning Day by the Ukrainian emigration in European countries in response to the man-made famine in Ukraine known as the Holodomor. Information from all the available sources on the anti- Soviet protests staged by the Ukrainian diaspora on October 29, 1933 in support of the Holodomor victims is summarized. The mechanism of making the decision to carry out the rally on one day was analyzed; the role of the Civic Relief Committee for Starving Soviet Ukraine was discussed. The preparatory activity aimed at uniting the efforts of the Ukrainian emigration to save the starving was observed. The specificities of holding the marches in different European countries stemming from differences in the attitude of the authorities of these countries were revealed. The coverage of the Protest and Mourning Day by the media and reaction of the local population to the news of the Holodomor are described. The number of the relief measures carried out by the diaspora on October 29, 1933 was estimated.

42-47

Authors: Petrenko Iryna

In article it is investigated educational and methodical and pedagogical activity of the famous historian, archivist Vira Zhuk. The attention is focused that the scientist trained the whole group of talented teachers, had considerable achievements in educational and methodical and teaching work. V.N. Zhuk prepared methodical recommendations for teachers, teachers, students, pupils, published a large number of articles in the magazines. Participated in many international, all-Ukrainian and regional historical conferences. In spite of the fact, that Vira Nikanorovna had no pedagogical education, her teachers often addressed for consultations on problematic issues in the history of Ukraine and a technique of their teaching in a school course of history. Its knowledge from history of Poltavshchyna was especially valuable.

53-59

Authors: Popenko Yaroslav

The main trends of development of Romania in the First World War were analyzed in that article. Romania managed to keep the lead in population among the other Balkan States and military potential at the early of 1914. With the beginning of the new war Bucharest took a position of neutrality. By middle of 1915 it was able to retain its status. In the summer of 1915 the Entente still involved Romania to the military alliance against the Central block. Romania declared war on it. The military company of 1916 was ended crash for the country, its army was defeated in Transylvania and Dobrudge. The Germans occupied 70% of the territory of Romania and the Romanian government was forced to sign the separate peace with Germany. At the same time, the defeat of the latter in 1918 allowed Romania to return to the Rights of the ally to the Entente. As a result, it was able to take an active part in the Paris Peace Conference of 1919-1920. Based on its results, Romania annexed Transylvania, Bessarabia, Bukovina and part of Banat.

65-69

Authors: Kolisnichenko Anatoliy

The propagandistic practice shows that radio and electronic weapons on the West provides course of the information was for a long time. There learned not only distorted information knowingly and with deep intent, but destroy the information resources by the help of computers. The analyses of IU programs, radio and newspapers shows, that these sources provide winning in the confrontation, give chance to attain full information black and demoralize the enemy psychologically. Today the computer weapon uses on: the information espionage, the computer repression of the information networks and systems of enemy; information influence on psychic of the people. In content it is analyses, how mass media learn to provide the policy of double standards. It is noted that double standards generates destructive processes, causes apathy and indifference among people, and humility and lack of initiative in addition. The author pays the great attention to means of information influence on the population: selective default disinformation, stereotypes; information leafage; the clash of opinions; interpretation; qustiomaire; zombification; the propaganda bait, others.

75-79

Authors: Datskiv Igor, Pus’ Nadiya

The article says, however, that European integration and EU membership are a strategic goal of Ukraine – it’s the best way to realization of national interests, build economically developed and democratic state, strengthening position in the global system of international relations. The basic mechanisms of implementation of the state information policy of Ukraine in European integration are outlined. The contradictions that arise in the process of Ukraine’s integration into the European Union are analyzed. It is shown that during the integration of Ukraine into the European Union appears intra-European, Domestic Ukrainian and geopolitical conflicts. The conclusion is based on the inertia in political reforms, worsening internal conflicts, inability Ukrainian ruling elite to limit the influence of clan communities’ bureaucracy and the political system and separate power from business substantially reduce the effectiveness of the political system of Ukraine.

86-91

Authors: Gudz Victor

Roman Serbyn proved himself as a consistent researcher problem of the Holodomor, which showed a qualified methodological approach and objective scientific position. The scientist was first among Ukrainian scholars who refuted fabrications of the falsifiers of history famine 1932-1933 on Ukraine, which appeared in the West in the 80s of the twentieth century and later. The historian made a significant contribution to the development of a «genocidal» version of famine by the «totalitarian school» Sovietologists James Mace and Robert Conquest. He hypothesized the systematic application communist regime of the tool famine in 1921-1923 and 1932-1933 for suppress of the resistance «unreliable» Ukrainians layers. R. Serbyn also has development ideas by Raphael Lemkin and interpretated the events of 30 years of XX century aggordingly to of the Convention on genocide as a series of criminal actions of the Stalin's regime. Famine combined with other elements of the communist genocide on Ukraine, its destruction of the Church, intellectuals and the ruling elite, the estrangement of children and so on. All the way of Serbyn’s life – an example of coherent and courageous struggle of the individual for the truth about the famine in its interpretation of «totalitarian school», an example of tireless research and educational work on the revival of the historical memory of the Ukrainian people and the strengthening of Ukraine in the world. The total contribution of the scientist to the development history of the famine of 1932-1933 on Ukraine and substantiation evidence genocidal nature of this tragedy is the most important among Ukrainian researchers abroad. Roman Serbyn believes that knowledge about the Holodomor – the duty of every conscious person. He lectures, speaking at conferences, giving interviews, trying bring up to the world terrible and instructive truth about one of the greatest tragedies in the history of the Ukrainian people.

98-102

Authors: Kushpetiuk Olena

The museums of Volyn to elucidated a history of one’s own country by means of presentation of the sights of antiquity collected and stored by them on the exhibitions of local and all-russian levels. Arranging exhibitions at local level was associated , as a rulel with the visiting of Volyn by high-ranking State persons, commemorative dates in the life of the province, with a desire to inform the community about the facilities in museum available collections etc. The special attention is spared on popularization of Volyn antiquities during realization of all-Russian archaeological conventions. Attention to, that the most complete ancient of antiquity from museum establishment of Volyn were presented on an exhibition during of ХІ archaeological convention (Kyiv, August, 1899). The fact of them wide exposure talked about the cultural and art value of Volyn Antiquities and about recognition museums of Volyn province.

109-112

Authors: Levchenko Inna

The article reproduced the prerequisites for the Foundation and work of congresses of naturalists and physicians of the Russian Empire in the second half of XIX – early XX century. The author tried to determine the effect of the all-Russian congresses of naturalists and physicians in the development of science and dissemination of scientific and medical knowledge in society, to show the effectiveness of this form of organization of science as a national Congress of naturalists and doctors. An important part of the article is available to members of the natural and medical societies, who not only participated in scientific congresses, but and initiated holding of such forums in the Russian Empire. With reference to the source base the article reveals the role of congresses of naturalists and physicians in the development of educational and promotional work, defined the contribution of congresses in the consolidation of Russian scientists, played against the conventions of the State, scientific community and the public.

118-123

Authors: Gorburov Evgen, Gorburov Kiril

The article tells about the life and work of a talented scientist orientalist Mykola Pantusov. Particular attention is allot to his research work in Central Asia – Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, etc. Exploration of these vast territories M. Pantusov allot 36 years. He created a large collection of rare things of archaeology, ethnography, geology, etc. By him to created a series of works on the history of Central Asia. The big collection antiquities of M. Pantusov formed the basis of Semirechensk Regional Museum, founded by M. Pantusov in 1898. The authors noted a significant charitable work of the scientist. He not only was a member of several societies, but also took an active part in their activities, supporting them financially. The researchers said that has not been published to date most of the work of the scientist, but the first work about M. Pantusov («Nikolai Pantusov», Mykolayiv, 2016) has been prepared and published in 2016.

11-16

Authors: Yanov Dmytro

The Ottoman coins of multiple denominations of akche (basic Ottoman silver currency), called dirhems, onliks and besliks, from the collection of Odesa Archaeological museum, are introduced in this article. The places where these coins were discovered are unknown. However, as far as they were presumably discovered somewhere in the territory between Prut and Dnister rivers, some issues concerned the circulation of these denominations in this region are examined. The dirhems, known in written sources as şhahi or padişhahi, were minted in the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire, annexed by the Ottomans as a result of the conquests of Selim I (1512-1520), Suleiman I (1520-1566) and Murad III (1574-1595). Dirhems were minted according to the local weight standards, which differed from the Ottoman ones, based on akche. Although this denomination was introduced during Selim I’s or Suleiman I’s reign, they started to penetrate to the north of Danube river only after the debasement of akche in 1584-1586. This debasement caused the need of the larger silver currency on the market. The discoveries of dirhems, mainly issued during Murad III’s reign, both as part of the hoards and as separate findings, are known in quite large amount in south Romania, and in fewer amounts – in Moldova and in the territories of northwestern Black sea area that were under the Ottoman administration. Osman II (1618-1622) started to issue onluks – the denomination, patterned after dirhem, which was equal to 10 akche. However, while the dirhems of 16th c. were issued only on the eastern mints, the onluks were issued on the eastern mints as well as on the capital mint Kostantiniya. The fraction denomination, called beshlik, equal to 5 akche, has been issued on the eastern mints since Ahmed I’s reign (1601-1617) and on the Kostantiniya mint – since Murad IV’s reign (1623-1640). Unlike the dirhems of 16th c., the onluks and beshliks of the first half of 17th c. were not so widespread, and their main area of circulation was limited to the territories under control of Ottoman administration of Silistra-Ochakov Eyaleti. On the basis of known discoveries, we can make an assumption, that the coins from the collection of Odesa Archeological museum, represented in this article, could be discovered in the area of Lower Dnister or Lower Danube rivers.

22-27

Authors: Stetsyk Yuriy

The daily, weekly, monthly and annual cycles of the lifestyle of the monkhood are defined. The duties of the monks are regulated. The procedure of sharing meals, prayers and observance of clausura are considered. The monastic income and expenses are analyzed. The main sources of funding the development of the monastery are determined. Reform Provincial Decree of the Innocenti Matkovski the spiritual and material foundations of life of ascetic monastic community to discover. First Basilian monk kinovial (common) form of ascetic life ware observed. Specifically clearly activities which should meet all the monks, and meal service are regulated. The attention to the religious use of spiritual practices, meditation, retreats and missions, public and private prayers are attention. Between the members of the monastic community clear responsibilities, monastery, church and education was introduced. The Provincial Superior the need to discipline monks of the monastery was emphasized and moderate public penance (penalty) for violation of the charter of the monastery was defined. Along with the spiritual aspects of life monks drew attention to the proper use of financial monastery treasury, which arbitrary spending were prohibited, and should be used for the intended purpose.

32-37

Authors: Tatsiyenko Vitaliy

The article deals with provision of housing for the Orthodox parish clergy of Kyiv Eparchy in late 19th – early 20th centuries. It is stated that realization of the «Statute…» of 1842 contributed to gradual improvement of clergy’s housing conditions as the parishioners were responsible for building parish farmsteads. Material status of priests was of top priority. The article shows that the process of houses’ arrangement and equipment for parish priests and officiants was very active in the 90s of 19th century. In late 19th century clergymen were mostly provided with lodging but a significant number of houses were in poor condition and needed repair

44-51

Authors: Trygub Olexander

The article reconstructs the life and service of Bishop of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Anton Grynevych, who took care of the parishes of South Western Ukraine. The author make verify of date of birth A. Grynevych, place of his training and service that caused questions. Found out its role in the development of UAOC in region. It is claimed that A. Grynevych born in 1875 and studied at the Podillia seminary. In pre-soviet times took a proactive stance – wrote articles for newspapers and magazines, participated in the congresses of the clergy Podillia diocese, was elected to the State Duma of the Russian Empire. In times of national liberation – an active participant in social and religious movements on national foundation. In Soviet times – an active participant in the development of Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, Bishop Balta (1923- 1928), Balta and Pershotravensky (1928-1929). Many times arrested by VUChK-GPU-NKVD. He died in poverty in 1937.

57-61

Authors: Docenko Viktor

In the article on the basis of analysis of monographic literature and periodic is made an attempt to identify the main trends and ways by public authorities using the periodical press for Soviet propaganda in Ukraine in 1920-1930s. Implementation of party instructions was held by organizing the control over the periodical press and using its capabilities to make an opened and coverted propaganda of Soviet power achievements. Dictatorship of system «RCP(b) – council» based not just on violence but also on propaganda. The impact on the masses, their reformation - these were the main task of the departments of agitation and propaganda of the party committees. They had set a tight organizational, ideological and emotional connections of the masses with Bolsheviks, with the aim of a radical overhaul of the deepest foundations of everyday life. The main means of the control over the press and cultural life had become a censorship. Already in the early years of formation in Ukraine Bolshevik power hierarchy turned on an active process of creating an extensive system of control over the press and printing. Experience in this case was piled up in the first months after coming to power of the Bolsheviks in the former empire. The authorities under various pretexts closed all non-communist publishing houses, newspapers and magazines. Was created its own system of government and pseudo public bodies to monitor the media and publishers. By creating a hierarchy of controlling over the press and publishing bodies, Communist Party authorities in the early 1920s began to actively use the potential of periodicals to implement their own policies and bringing to the public the necessary ideological propaganda. The main publications of that time press were the reports of the successful communist construction in the country, labor achievements description peasants and workers, the fight against speculation, private trade. Press was seen as the most powerful tool in the struggle for influence on the masses. Periodicals covered all aspects of contemporary soviet society life. Thus, in the first half of 1920s the Communist Party authorities have been using the potential of the former Russian journalism. But in the late 1920s - early 1930s the content and media aesthetic level drops significantly. Their meaning is increasingly penetrating the ideological and political clichs and stereotypes of the Soviet party. New journalists, hastily prepared by Soviet universities, had low professional level and sectoral level competence. As a result, the publication has lost its intellectual and analytical content and turned into mouthpieces of the Soviet Communist Party.

68-73

Authors: Magas-Demydas Yulia

The article is devoted to the 2nd All-Russian cooperative session that took place in Kiev on August, 1-7. The article analyses the circumstances the session was convened, that can be characterized as a suspicious attitude of the officials, strict regulation of the speeches and discussions topics. During the session there were outlined two groups of the cooperators: the supporters of the cooperative movement centralization within the Russian Empire (the representatives of the metropolitan organizations) and the representatives of the more democratic way of development that was grounded on the idea of the strong local centers (this group contained the delegates centered around the national criteria, basically Ukrainians and Jews). The article points out that the intentions to the decentralization were determined not only by the intentions to organize the work of the local organizations effectively but had also certain ideological implication. Though, the cooperators tried to stay within the borders of the economic problems discussions, their position undergone the influence of the political factors. Logically, the position of the decentralization was supported by the delegates from the suppressed region of the Russian Empire. The analogy can observed between the mistrust to the local cooperative institutions and the mistrust to the centralized state. Thus, the intention to get rid of the others guidance and get the possibility to build its own national life was expressed. The session decision on the acceptance of the single cooperative law, to found the All-Russian cooperative institute as the center of the scientific and enlightenment organization stated the passing of the cooperative movement on the qualitatively new level of its development.

79-83

Authors: Mykhailiuk Maryna

In this article we are talking about the Wannsee conference, which was held in Berlin at the end of January 1942. At a meeting attended by the heads of all the agencies and departments involved in the solution of the Jewish question. The main speaker was Gerhard Heydrich, appointed by Goring authorized definitively to solve the Jewish problem in Europe. Heydrich called a meeting with the purpose to talk about the expansion of their powers and to discuss future strategy and tactics of the working departments to accomplish the task. The conference addressed issues of Jewish blood purity, the further fate of the Jews of blood purity and mongrels, the continuation of mass deportations to the East and the conclusion of the German Jews in the ghetto Theresienstadt. Also in article it is about future of participants of meeting. Not all of them have received a just punishment after the war, some received several years of imprisonment and some people committed suicide. The post-war fate of Henry Muller still unknown.

89-94

Authors: Glazov Daniil

Current EU migration policy involves migration control, collaboration with the countries of immigrants’ origin, assistance to refugees, the counteraction to smuggling and so on. However, such actions didn’t lead to solving problems but changed the direction of illegal migration flow. During the recent months, the number of illegal migrants and refugees is only increasing. Disability of the EU migration policy has led to the mass influx of refugees. To the main reasons belong situation destabilized in the region and tolerant attitude to refugees from the EU. Taking into account the existing Schengen agreement between EU countries, refugees have the right to seek asylum in any country of the European Union. But today's realities point to the ineffectiveness of bureaucratic mechanisms. So, Member States particularly faced the problem of illegal migration regulation. Recently, migrant rights protection has lost its popularity and maintenance among the population due to increased burden on the economies of the Member States. As a result, further unemployment is steadily increasing. Therefore, right and far-right political forces in some European countries have started to gain popularity. In fact, the EU has faced the problem of choice, which will depend on the further development of a multicultural society. The paper investigates the problem of refugees and policy of multiculturalism in terms of the EU immigration crisis. Specifically, the European policy inefficiency causes to tackle illegal immigration were established, therefore the revised strategy for the EU migration policy and possible scenarios of a multicultural Europe in terms of migration crisis are researched.

99-105

Authors: Trubchaninov Sergiy

The article describes the researches of scientists of the South of Ukraine in the branch of the historical geography during the XIX – early XX century. Russian aggressive policy in the Crimea and in Eastern Ukraine has activated the importance of the historical studies of Southern Ukraine which contain the historical-geographical component. Basic problems that interested scientists in the plane of historical-geographical study of the Northern Black Sea Coast (settlement Scythian tribes, Greek and Italian colonization, the Crimean Khanate, the history of the Cossacks, joining of the land to the Russian Empire) are outlined. It is indicated on the place of the historical geography in the works of the famous historians of Southern Ukraine (Apollon Skalkovsky, Nicholas Murzakevych, Oleksiy Markevych, Ivan Lynnychenko etc.). It highlights the scientific achievements of the leading researchers in this field of historical knowledge (Nicholas Nadyezhdin, Philip Bruun). In particular, it is noted that N. Nadyezhdin (1804-1856) made a significant contribution to the study of geography of the Scythia of the Herodot in the first half of the XIX century. In 1868 F. Bruun (1804-1880) was awarded by the Imperial Novorossiya University a doctorate in the world history for his fundamental work on the historical geography of the Northern Black Sea.

112-116

Authors: Tiutenko Roman

The article deals with the issues of the Ukrainian Galician Army’s daily life based on the officer’s letters. These letters were written by the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (USS) Ensign Mykola Opoka to historian Rostyslav Zaklynskyi within the Polish-Ukrainian war 1918-1919 period. The storage location of the materials is the Lviv National Vasyl Stefanyk Scientific Library of Ukraine, Manuscripts department. And the letters for the first time are published. The main elements of the Galician officer’s daily life have been analyzed. Such as relationship with both the high command of the Ukrainian Galician Army and other officers, logistics, leisure, social and political moods and behavior of the Ukrainian officers based on Mykola Opoka’s letters have been highlighted. In these materials are presented quite valuable evidence about the circumstances of the Galician officer’s daily life. These letters contain exceptional value, especially as a source for the history of the Ukrainian Galician Army in 1918-1919.

123-128

Authors: Yushchenko Petro

In the article on the basis of study monographs and periodicals are outlined certain directions of forming historiographical tradition study of the origin and formation of the institute of princely power in Russia and its influence on the formation of statehood in the eastern Slavs. In the IX century was the beginning of the feudal structure that existed in Russia for a thousand years. Early feudalism – covered IX-XI centuries. It coincided with a period of political-territorial processing of Rus formation. This was a kind of transition period, when the central government was unable to restrict the rights of the local nobility. Rus became the product of the evolution of social and political relations in East Slavic tribes that took place in the second half of the millennium. On the eve of the emergence of Kievan Rus in Eastern Europe there were two zones of influence, Baltic – controlled Normans and Caspian-Black Sea - controlled Khazar Khanate. They fought among themselves for influence over the Slavs. They didn’t know about the impact of the Normans, so polians occupied the isolated position among tribal alliances. Polians, before the establishment over them the Khazar exposure, had their own princely dynasty, its own political history. This allowed the chroniclers to use them to describe the history of God's chosen people and their capital as a prototype statehood God's chosen city. Therefore, the ancient scribes, chroniclers appearance of princely power equivalent to the start of fact, the beginning of their history, which is measured them «from the beginning of the city», that was associated with specific historical myth of a God's chosen people and God's chosen certain city. Chronicles, which were prepared under the supervision of Kiev Rurik dynasty, had to show a legendary, in the spirit of contemporary legends about the origin of power, the history of the princely dynasty. Chroniclers remained neglected local princely dynasty of Slavic tribal unions. «Ideologically-right» treated Slavic legends and sagas Norman appearance of princely power in clearings and in the eastern Slavs. Thus, during the VII-X century Eastern Slavs had the processes of forming their own unified state, which was the next act of state the peoples of Eastern Europe. The first tribal unions, facing the Slavs in the middle of the first millennium AD gave impetus to the evolution of the Institute of one-man rule and the emergence of its own prince Rurik dynasty, which has managed to gradually unite the tribes and unions to justify their own sacred right to control and power over the subjugated population.