Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum

3-14

Authors: Chernobay Yu.N.

Museology is in a state of deep metamorphosis, which is due to move to modern civilization progress. Personal development of the museum actually increase the museum functionally-spatial sphere steel museologists subject of intense reflection and reasoned explanation of the subject, which was based on different levels of social organization to differentiate its own museological theory. Consideration of the ways of development of museology and determining the latter-day extended ranges of museological theory can only be done on the basis of the global paradigm of the network device, both natural and social systems.

25-30

Authors: Bedernichek T.

Rate of litter decomposition is one of the most important functional parameters of terrestrial ecosystems. Evaluation of this process is crusial for modeling the dynamics of organic matter in ecosystems or biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements. However, due to lack of standardized methods in this field, in many research papers authors developed their own approaches to evaluate litter decomposition rates or significantly modified the well-known ones. Hence, the huge sets of statistically significant, but methodologically incomparable experimental data can be found even in the recent studies on litter decomposition. In this research, the most common methodological issues in this field were analyzed and discussed. We suggested several ways to unify the popular methods and to increase significance and information value of the expected outcomes at the stage of planning a research experiment.

39-48

Authors: Kyyak V.H., Bilonoha V.M.

Degradation of the considerable number of rare and unique populations and plant communities in the highlands of the Carpathians Ukrainian mainly occurs due to both а changes in climatic conditions and demutation succession. Preservation of viability and adaptation of the populations to changing environmental conditions is ensured by adequate structural and functional organization of the loci with the highest density and vitality of individuals. These loci are the structural and functional basis of specific populations, subpopulations and coenopopulation. In most cases, these loci are formed under optimal environment parameters and not available in pessimum or critical condition. Protection and restoration of the populations of endangered and rare plants requires active conservation methods.

61-72

Authors: Vykhor B., Prots B.

The control measures of highly invasive plant species are considered in this paper. The effectiveness of perennial mowing are evaluated for six model species, like Solidago canadensis, S. serotinoides, Reynoutria japonica, R. bohemica, Helianthus tuberosus and Heracleum sosnowskyi. The hand cutting of Heracleum sosnowskyi roots was practically applied in long term experiment for meadow habitats. The results of experimental mowing demonstrated the decrease of model species cover by 3-5 times and recovery of native species number by 40-70%. The experimental data on hand cutting of Heracleum sosnowskyi roots showed the raise of native species number up, which have significantly increased by 73% during four years experiment. The vegetation cover of giant Hogweed has decreased by more than 10 times (from 95% to 9%). The mechanical control measures were identified as effective when are applied it regularly. The tested methods can be used for invasive species control for protected areas, areas of economic interest, recreation zones etc. The implementation of invasive species control on regional level requires significant costs and is difficult to realise in the present economic situation of the country.

83-90

Authors: Hushtan K.V.

We have proposed to use as the main – morphometric method for the allocation of dragonfly’s larvae ecomorphs categories. Also, it is proposed to take into account environmental (spatial niche), ethological (type of movement, behavioral characteristics) and morphological criteria (overall shape of the body, the type of mouthparts, the structure of the sense organs and legs). Twenty dimensional characteristics for 15 genera of Ukrainian Carpathians dragonflies larvae is studied. Of these, 17 are allocated indices reflecting the most complete contact between the larvae and environmental condition. On the basis of the proposed methods first developed a hierarchical classification of dragonfly larvae ecomorphs for the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Were singled out: 3 types, 6 classes and 7 subclasses.

103-112

Authors: Kuzio H.O.

The article provides the analysis of species composition, quantitative and typological structure of the breeding avifauna of two forests in the outskirts of the city. Breeding density and fraction in Bryukhovychi and Vynnyky forests are compared, considering the impact factors of disturbance in the studied model areas. It is shown the need for regulation of recreation and protection of these territories.

121-128

Authors: Kravets N.

In the territory of West Podilsky Prydnistrovia we found 83 species of anthophilous Coleoptera. They were registered on 162 plant species that belong to 25 angiosperms families. Trophic relations of anthophilous Coleoptera were analyzed. It was found that most often beetles in meadow and steppe areas visit entomophile plants of the following families: Asteraceae – 70 species (22,2%), Fabaceae – 36 (11,4%), Apiaceae – 30 (9,5%) and Lamiaceae – 29 (9,2%). Most often it is possible to catch mesophilic insects which make 84,3% of the total number of species. Second place is taken by mesoxerophilous (4,8%) and xerophilous (4,8%) groups of insects. A bit rarely hydromesophilic (3,6%) and mesohydrophilic (2,4%) kinds are found. The work analyzes biotopical affiliation of representatives of all studied ecological groups of insects.

137-154

Authors: Barkasi Z., Zagorodniuk I.

The present paper deals with information on current composition of the rodent fauna in the Eastern Carpathians and adjacent lowland and piedmont areas in the light of modern views on the taxonomy and nomenclature of this group of mammals. The taxonomic richness of rodents (order Muriformes, seu Rodentia auct.) in the discussed region is shown. The presence and conservation statuses of species are indicated. The annotated list of species is presented with special attention on peculiarities of their distribution and current evaluations of population density. In addition to scientific names, the currently accepted Ukrainian and English names of taxonomic groups are given as well. The rating of the rodent families according to the rarity index was analyzed to determine the most vulnerable taxonomic groups.

163-170

Authors: Pikulyk L.

Providing four stages and describes the main research areas of vegetation studies of river valleys of the upper reaches of the Dnister River basin.

195-206

Authors: Bakayeva S.H.

On the base of research of some superfamilies (PLEUROTOMARIOIDEA, TROCHOIDEA, STROMBOIDEA, CERITHIOIDEA and MURICOIDEA) distribution within the North European paleobiogeographic province the similarity of the Late Cretaceous gastropod fauna from Volyno-Podillya to contemporaneous fauna from other regions has been evaluated. The most taxonomic affinities in the Cenomanian-Maastrichtian time were established between the fauna from Germany, Poland, Volyno-Podillya and Donbass. 5 species are occurred in each of these regions (Conotomaria granulifera, Haustator planus, Nairiella hagenoviana, Tudicla carinata, Perissoptera emarginulata). The existence of internal relations between regions within the North European province as well as external connections with some areas of Tethyan Realm was noted.

213-222

Authors: Partyka T., Hamkalo Z.

Emission of CO2 from organic and mineral soils of Upperdniester alluvial plane was estimated. The largest carbon dioxide flux from the soil surface was found in peat soils – 220.4 mgm-2h-1, and the smallest – 44.9 mgm-2h-1 and less – in arable (sod and meadow soils). The main reason for the sub>k CO emission from soils of agro-ecosystems is the low content of bioavailable organic matter, in particular its labile fractions (CHWEOM, СKMnO4, CCDF). Peat soils and sod soils formed on peat have the highest content of labile organic matter in the surface horizons. Therefore the process of carbon dioxide emission from these soils is sensitive to temperature rise in a model experiment and has the highest value of the temperature coefficient Q10.