Türük Uluslararası Dil, Edebiyat ve Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi

1-48

Authors: Ali Akar & Ayşe Günay

The Oghuz tribes who began to migrate Anatolia from Khorezm region in mass since 13th century, created a new writing language based on their own dialect. This writing language developed in historical process and created Ottoman Turkish and Turkey Turkish. In Turkey Turkish, there are many dialects which developed based on it. These dialects have features of general phonetics, morphology and vocabulary of Oghuz Turkish. In these dialects, there are phonetics, morphology and vocabulary belong to language of the other Turkic communities who migrated to Anatolia depending upon different social, political, economical and demographic factors. One of them is the data of language of Karachay-Balkar Turks who migrated from Caucasus to Anatolia in the second half of 18th century. This data was determined in Turkish Dialect Dictionary. In this article, vocabulary of Karachay-Balkar Turkish in the stated dictionary will be examined by the method of comparative linguistics. Key Words: Dialects of Turkey Turkish-Karachay Balkar Turkish-Vocabulary of Karachay-Balkar Turkis

64-70

Authors: Zoya Kirillova

Our works is based on study of loanwords and words with Turkic origin in speech of Kryashen – Christian Tatar, who is relate to Volga and Ural ethnic-denominational group of Tatars. Most of Christian Tatar live in republic of Tatarstan as well as some of them settle down in neighboring republics of Bashkortostan, Udmurtia; Chelyabinsk, Kirov and Samara regions. Being scattered in different areas, Kryashens have significant disparities both in the language features and in the customs and traditions. The main group of Christian Tatars are ones who has changed Islam to Christianity. The others are descendants of an impact by Tatar Finno-Ugric folk or have an origin from Chuvash people who are also the part of Turkic nation or influenced by them. This opinion is proved via a linguistic feature of Christian Tatar dialects. In each dialect of Christian Tatars loanwords related to Turkic origin are in the main position. It is important to mention: living aside of Muslim Tatars, besides Christian Tatars dialects, their own literary language, there are some words, which are kept in written manuscripts and still used in a spoken language. In our study we analyze these words. Among borrowings, Persian, Arabic and Russian loanwords take a majority in the speech of Christian Tatars. In our study we examine these loanwords in the background of the sound changing and trace the peculiarities of the Christian Tatars language in comparison with other speech of the Tatar language. According to habitation, some groups of Christian Tatars accepted loanwords of the Chuvash and Udmurt languages. They have been mentioned in our work. Due to the study Turkish words make the basis of speech of Christian Tatars, who are considered as unique group of Tatar nation. Russian, Arabian and Persian loanwords, phoning to sound changes, are used in all languages, but in individual parochialism. Having connection and communicated with the neighbor nations, some Chuvash and Udmurt words were borrowed. Keywords: Kryashen (Christian) Tatars, speech, words with Turkic origin, loanwords.

79-87

Authors: Kaan Yılmaz

The existence of a morphological element which functions as a copula, given as “bildirme eki” in Turkish linguistic tradition and from the period of Old Uighur period it has had the meaning particles of the verb tur- , has had the attention of linguists. It is obvious that some problems have been experienced in determining sub and top categories and hierarchical relations on the basis of some traditionalist approaches in explaining the relation of word+/- suffix in Turkish language. One the problems is determining, explaining and classification process of the element called “+DIr bildirme eki” in our linguistic corpus. In the present article, grammatical comments which seem complex in the final analysis as to the what the copula of +DIr- and what it is not have been analyzed form the point of view of studies exclusively conducted on this morpheme. As a result, it has been stated that the copula of +DIr- in the sentences which has it, does not cause a change when it is used for another an element of other sentences and the structure of the sentences does not also change. Key Words: Morphology, suffix, copula, indication, sentence.

119-139

Authors: Turan Çelebi

1944 is an important turning point for the Macedonian Turkish culture and art. This year is considered as the start date of contemporary Macedonian Turkish literature. Macedonian Turks’ first periodical newspaper in Latin alphabet, the Birlik newspaper, was published in 1944. Following the Birlik newspaper, Macedonia’s first Turkish children literature newspaper, the Pioner, was published in Latin alphabet in 1950. Pioneer is a leading newspaper to the Sevinc and Tomurcuk magazines published in the later years. Pioneer also published the works of first children literature authors. The article examines the outlines of 10 published Pioner newspaper between 1950-1951 and develops an index of the newspaper. In this section, the Macedonian Turkish children literature and Pioneer’s importance in this literature has been analysed. This section also provides information on the design and writers of the newspaper. In the index section, the published articles in the newspaper have been classified according to the publication date of the newspaper. Keywords: Pioneer Newspaper, Macedonian Turkish Children Literature, Necati Zekeriya, Hüseyin Süleyman, Fahri Kaya.

155-168

Authors: Hasan Ali Güneş

Ottoman poets used to collect their poems into a book called "divan" or "conk". However lots of them died before doing this or some of their poems are not placed in the books for some reason. This kind of poems may be called lost treasures of poets. Poetry collections are some kind of anthologies represent popularity of poets and poetic intellection of period they had been written in. They are enormously significant in terms of registering poems written by poets who do not have divan or poems of famous poets which are not included in their divans. Poetry collections which have many sorts are lost treasure chests of poetry. Poetry collection we studied in this work, containing samples from minstrel literature and divan literature is a 93 page work which was written in 17th century. There are 154 poets' 595 poems in this collection Key words: poetry collections, divan poetry, minstrel poetry, 17th. century, Houghton Library

211-235

Authors: Orhan Kaplan

Turkish translation of Hariri’s work so named Makamat which is considered to be one of the most important works in Arabic literatüre have been made in various periods. Complete translation is made by Tahir Selam Muhammed Beg, Ahmed Hamdi Sirvani, Manastirli Danis Ahmed Efendi and Sabri Sevsevil while the partial translation of the work was made by Rome Embassy Imam Hasim Veli and published in 1326 in Istanbul. Hasim Veli met with Makamat by Halis Efendi, and translated the introduction, first, third, eleventh and twentieth makames of the book with his advice and order. Hasim Veli stated that Makamat reveals many flaws of the previous period of authoritarianism clearly and that is why the management would not let this work to be published which is the reason why he could not publish the translation immediately. Hasim Veli waiting for an appropriate time for the publication states that he started to work with a great enthusiasm in 1910. According to Hasim Veli, Hariri’s Makamat is one of the best books arranged on rhetoric and fluence while it is a work with a fame known well by the literature circles. For the people who want to have a grasp of the virtues, hard to understand, closed and confidential aspects of Arabic and to understand subtle wit and overtones of Quran which is especially a rhetoric and fluent miracle, examination of Makamat with a deep thought is mandatory. In this study, partial translation of the work of Makamat which has a separate important among the Arabic works with its artistic utterance by Rome Embassy Imam Hasim Veli transferred to Latin alphabet and made a general assessment of the translation. Keywords: Hariri, Translation of Makamat, Hashim Veli.

266-292

Authors: Burcu Bolat & Basir Ekici

Custom is a word which is originated from Arabic. In dictionaries, it corresponds to such as customary thing, habitual, ordinary. It is known that customs come into existence due to the fact that not only have various resources but also random. While some customs are fixed, others on the contrary are flexible. Societies sustain the society life with obeying these customs. We tried to review the work İstanbulun Eski Adetlerinden which was narreted by Tahirü'l Mevlevi. Tahirül Mevlevi was one of the importan person in the 19th century and in this work he gives us information about cultural frame with casting light on his period. Also he provides to hold a view about protecting negative situations and celebrations of positive situations in our daily life. Although some suggestions are not clear at present, they are more acceptable when it is considered in that time conditions. In this work, we translated the text into Latin alphabet and tried to find the equilavences of these customs. It consists of 25 subtitles and told the process of a boy's life from born to his first school years. In our work, after the the equilavences of these customs are found in resources evaluation part is placed in the last chapter. Key Words: Custom, Tahirü’l-Mevlevî, 20. century, child, tradition.

328-339

Authors: John A. Erickson, Trans. Hanife Gezer

This paper investigates the origin of suffixes in Turkic languages with forms similar to -γaru ~ -gärü and -ra ~ -rä, -ru, -rü, -rϊ ~ -ri, referred to in grammars as markers of a “directive case”. There has been considerable uncertainty about historical development of these suffixes as case markers, leading to a number of attempts to reconstruct their original form and function in both Proto-Turkic and Proto-Altaic, all of which have proven inconclusive. This study examines the problem from a new perspective. It begins with a reassessment of attempts at reconstruction, considering the various benefits and shortcomings of each approach. Then, based on morphological and syntactic data from Old-Turkic, it offers a reconstruction of the original form and function of the directive case in pre-Old Turkic. Key words: Turkic languages, Old Turkic, directive case, historical linguistics, morphosyntactic change.