Türük Uluslararası Dil, Edebiyat ve Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi

49-63

Authors: Ercan Alkaya

Language relations and interactions are inevitable result of the process of living together. Like all societies, when different communities live together, they interact with each other and their languages influence each other borrowing lexicons. People live in communities and communication is inevitable in that sense. Language has been born out of the communication need. just as a communication is a must inside a community, it is a must for the communication between societies and nations. throughout the history, relationships such as trade, tourism, cultural affairs, and neighbourhood develop amog societies living together or side by side sharing the same geography. In this study, Finn-Ugor rooted words in Tatar Turkish sub-dialects have been elaborated and an evoluation based on language relationship has been conducted by touching upon language relationships between Tatar Turkish and Finn-Ugor nations. Keywords: Turkish, Tatar Turkish sub-dialects, Finn-Ugor languages, loan words, language relationships.

71-78

Authors: Yasin Şerifoğlu

Suffixes, in general, are found in the bodies of words, and can be defined as functional forms which do not have meaning and cannot be used individually, however when they are attached to words they can either change meaning or rendering them suitable to be used with other words In the present study, the relevant/irrelevant situation of some suffixes which are said to function of derivation nouns form nouns and derivation of property nouns used as adjectives are classified under the title of suffixes derivating nouns from nouns has been analyzed in terms of meaning of the word to which they are attached. Their function has been determined according to the data. Moreover, the place of these suffixes in the general classification is tried to be determined and whether a new term for them is required has been debated. Key Words: Turkish Language, Derivational Suffixes, Verbal Adjective, Verbal Noun Suffixes.

88-118

Authors: Neslihan Koç Keskin

Fâl-nâmes (oracular books used in fortune-telling), which have been written with many different names, such as yıldız-nâme, tefe’’ül-nâme, hurşîd-nâme, ihtilâc-nâme, kıyâfet-nâme and kehânet-nâme, are works written based on interpretation with the objective of knowing the future. The fortune-telling culture of the Ottomans was also reflected in the literary tradition. The well-known works related to the subject are the Kıyâfet-nâme by Hamdullah Hamdî, the Fâl-i Reyhân-ı Cem Sultan by Cem Sultan, the Fâl-i Murgân by Zaîfî, the Râz-nâme by Kefeli Hüseyin and the Fâl-nâme-i Kur’ân-ı Azîm by Fedâyî. A fâl-nâme text prepared in verse by a definitely unknown author, which was written on behalf of the divan poets named Emrî, Bâkî, Cevrî, Hayretî, Hayâlî, Zerrâkî, Zâtî, Rûhî, Sürûrî, Şehrî, Sun’î, Tıflî, Zuhûrî, Ubeydî, Gınâyî, Fuzûlî, Kabûlî, Keşfî, Lâmi’î, Meşâmî, Nef’î, Visâlî, Hem-demî and Yahyâ, by using their pen names was examined in this article. The work constitutes the subject of 24 fortune-telling intentions. The recto (r) and verso (v) folios of every leaf of the work, include the name of two divân poets and six each quatrains that rhyme in the form of aaxa. The work was examined after a short introduction that mentions the fâl-nâme tradition in divân poetry. The transcribed written translation of the Fâl-nâme and the facsimile of the work with the former alphabet have been given at the end of the article. Key Words: Divân literature, fâl-nâme, fâl-nâme written in verse, drawing of lots fortune-telling, fortune-telling intentions

140-154

Authors: Fatma Hocin

In the Macedonian language, in addition to the loanwords, the grammatical effects of the Turkish language are evident. As it is known, the influence of the Turkish language on the Macedonian is not only lexical. Apart from the words in this language, these influences are most evident in the grammatical structure. The effect of the Turkish language on the Macedonian, in a most natural and clear manner is sensed in the everyday speech of the people As a result of the communication between people, this language interaction, by determining the various characteristics in the grammar of every language, has enabled the occurrence of many mutual characteristics in the word units. When it comes to the adaptation process of Turkish words into the Macedonian language there have been changes in the field of phonetics as well. Both languages being associated with different language groups and having different grammatical constructions, have been subject to a variety of changes when it comes to letters, affixes and the word formations of words of Turkish origin. A great number of Turkish words during the interaction with the Macedonian language are a subject of important changes when it comes to the word structure. The most obvious example of these changes can be found in the Macedonian folk songs. Key Words: Turkish, Macedonian, Turkish loanwords in the Balkan languages, Phonetic characteristics

169-210

Authors: Mehmet Soğukömeroğulları

Besir Atalay, published in 1926 verse drama called Baş Belaları consists of three scenes are written with syllabic and 7 pole in general. The contents occurring in the late Ottoman period is emphasized on various social problems. The first of these problems are the taxes unduly experienced in the last period of the Ottoman Empire. Other villagers poverty, due to prolonged wars and nationalist movement formed in the non-Muslim subjects of the soldiers with their families they left behind is a great hatred of the Turks. Also among the matters contemplated in the theater degenerating religion and religious interests of the clergy who in the last years of the Ottoman Empire instruments. A letter from the other side because of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Çanakkale War are mentioned. Work in time and space, although certain elements of open space as a crash in western Anatolia, as in World War I when given year or 1915. In general, individuals selecting managers, especially Albanians, who are managed have been selected by Turkish villagers. In terms of language and style simple style theater has been written with simple language. Baş Belaları is the only work in the theater genre of Besim Atalay and the purpose of this article, Besim Atalay forgotten or that one side does not attract attention until now to introduce the reader to the theater writing. Key Words: Baş Belaları, Besim Atalay, drama, time, space.

236-265

Authors: Oğuz Ergene

Word derivation in Turkish which is an agglutinative language occurs with various morphemes linked to nominal or verb stems. A part of nominal stems from which noun, verb or verbal derivate, though, isn’t seen as a lexeme in line with the qualities of Turkish dictionaries and compilation principles of them or because of the reason that they aren’t used widely in standard language. Some of the nouns and verbs that derivate from those stems also haven’t been included in dictionaries containing vocabulary of standard language. In this study, nominal stems and nouns, verbs and verbal derivate from those bases that aren’t seen as a lexeme in Turkish dictionaries have been analyzed and stems that derivation made on, morphemes having derivation function linked to these have been classified and exemplified. All of the examples compiled from national and local newspapers online published on the Internet have been obtained from the written sources. It has been identified that noun, verb and verbal can be derived from a great deal of non lexical nominal stems and Turkish morphemes and these examples seen as noun in general are used in written language. Also it has been made an inference about word derivation potentials of Turkish. Key Words: Turkish, derivation, morphology, morpheme, lexicalization.

293-327

Authors: Salih Gençer

Journals which have an important place among old Turkish Literature sources may help us find poems which do not exist in the divan of a poet as well as allowing us to fond poems of poets who do not have divan. We can even get to know poems of poets who have never been heard of before. Besides, journals may demonstrate the lives, poem preferences of the people at a certain era, the popularity of a poet and his poem understanding. In the paper poem journals registered in Süleymaniye Library Galata Mevlevihanesi Section no:57 was introduced in terms of its primary features and content. The journal consisting of 64 foils includes poems of people who lived in 16th and 17th centuries. The verse styles and quantities of these poems were shown in a table. After that first articles and couplets of all poems in the journal were given and next to them poem of the poet, verse style, couplet or article quantities and foil numbers were mentioned in brackets. Key words: Classical Turkish Literature, Journal, Poem journal

340-355

Authors: Yavuz Köktan

The Folk Song Concept is each time a poetry which is composed with a melody or a folk poetry which is sung with a melody and the type have always lyrics and melody together. That also many works are present shows that the music doesn’t need every time lyrics. But the folk music songs have mostly lyrics. Because the social side of folk music is dominated. For this reason, the expression of social events, personal experiences, and emotions need more words. Folk songs are a reflection of the people's way of life. To help the folk culture and the folklore it’s important to determine which themes the people handled and which types and forms they used in each folk song. In this study, are the folk songs of the region Bolu was analysed in traditionally folk culture terms and shapes. The TRT Notes repertoire was used to find folk songs belonging the region. 24 Folk songs in the TRT Repertoire was examined in this study. Many elements in the folk songs like colours, clothing, names of flowers and plants, death, birth, marriage etc. are studied. The folk songs are evaluated according to their shapes and verse counts. The study tries also to determine which term used in which folk songs how many times and with which meaning. This data of quantitative elements are also used to determine the lyric elements in the regional folk songs. Keywords: Bolu, folk song, folklore, lyric element, repertoire

17-23

Authors: Zafer Önler

There are three words “al, kızıl, kırmızı” used for the concept “kırmızı” in Modern Turkish. Though the first two are of Turkish origin, “kırmızı” is Arabic in origin. It is definite that the words “al” and “kızıl” can not be synonyms taking into account the general principle saying in a language multiple words can not be used for the same concept. It is understood that the word “al” meaned “pink” in historical periods of Turkish and has changed semantically in time and become the synonym of the word “kızıl”. In this semantic change, the proliferation of the Persian word “penbe” corresponding to “cotton” as a name of a colour has been effective. While the words “kızıl, kırmızı, al” seem synonymous in fact they differ from each other in terms of semantic value: “al bayrak, kızıl saçlı, kırmızı kalem”. Keywords: colors naming, red, pink, rosy.

37-66

Authors: Serdar Uğurlu

Hıdrellez tradition is one of the seasonal festivals, which is continually celebrated in nearly whole Turkish world. It is accepted by people that Hıdrellez is a holy day, when Hızır and Elijah met under a rosebush on earth. In fact, according to a point of view, alteration of Nawruz festival initiated celebration of Hıdrellez festival among Turks As it is understood, Turks have maintained Nawruz traditions under the name of Hıdrellez, after they accepted Islam religion. In fact, celebration of Nawruz is nearly forgotten among Anatolian and Balkan Turks and Hıdrellez took its place. This Hıdrellez tradition is celebrated on May 6th according to the gregorian calendar. It corresponds with April 23rd according to julian calendar, which was According to julian calendar, a year consists of two periods. The first period is between May 6th and November 8th and this period is known as Hızır days. Also, this period forms summer. The second period is between November 8th and May 6th and known as November days. This period forms winter. In this context, according to julian calendar, the day, when the cold winter days finish and hot summer days start corresponds to May 6th. And this is the reason why this day is celebrated by Turkish people and became a festival. Today, there are different celebrations in Anatolia for May 6th, which is the start of summer. Different celebration among Balkan Turks also draw attention. In Macedonia, being a Balkan country, some Turkish regions were found, where these traditions stil continue. This study as a fieldwork, mostly handles Hıdrellez customs, existing in East Macedonia-Valandova, Konche and Bitola regions. This study involves Turkish poems in oral tradition, foods and celebration types regarding Hıdrellez traditions of Turks in these areas. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hıdrellez, greening, martufal tradition, Valandova, Çalıklı.

75-93

Authors: Turgay Sebzecioğlu & S.Coşkun Özgür

In this study, the tweets written under the #beniçokşaşırtır hashtag on Twitter which is one of the social interaction sites, have been compiled; then the appearances of slang usage in terms of gender variable have been handled in accordance with the corpus (that is formed) and the quantitative data derived from the corpus. Besides, the factors that trigger the usage of slang have been covered in assessments as well. With the paradigm of Difference Theory that has emerged criticizing the Deficiency Theory and which states that every language use has a function in its own context, an unprejudiced evaluation paradigm with respect to the slang of female or male language has been constructed. According to the results of this study which is based on slang that has power to be accepted as an indicator of discrimination, alienation and disobedience; it can be observed that the original discourse of the internet does not resemble the face to face talk in real world discourse. This difference also manifests the misbelief about the female language. It has been observed that women who can get rid of their social gender with a new social context, can easily use slang words which they could not use or would not use in real life, no matter how they cannot get free from the dominant language that belongs to the men. Keywords: Twitter, Sociolinguistics, Deficiency Theory, Difference Theory, Gender variable, Slang

105-114

Authors: Mete Bülent Deger

In this study, Tâhirü’l-Mevlevî’s, who is one of the important author of 20th century Turkish Literature and Mevlevî grandfather at the same time, copied work named “Tabirname” was transcribed and various evaluations were performed dreams in the content of this work and about the interpretation of these dreams. Our study consists of four sections except the “Introduction” and “Conclusion”. After the introductory, in the first section it was given general information about the “tabirname” genre and emphasized the life and works of Tâhirü’l-Mevlevî in the second section later. In the third chapter various evaluations were performed on the form and content features of this work. In the fourth section, transcriptions version of the work was given to face the Ottoman written form. In the last section of our work, the work named “Tabirname” of Tâhirü’l-Mevlevî has been subjected to a general evaluation in the context of the content of dreams and beliefs. As a result, Tâhirü’l-Mevlevî’s, who is considered as one of the last representatives of old Turkish literature, work named “Tabirname” was introduced to the world of science and literature. Key words: Tâhirü’l-Mevlevî, Tabirname, Belief, Dream, Self

143-167

Authors: Atıf Akgün

The history of the Ottoman Empire and Central Asia are the main topics in the tradition of Turkish historical novel. Lately, migration became one of the topics of these novels which generally focus on historical personalities, wars and some social events. In the dissolution era of the Ottoman Empire, migration movements created important changes in social life and these changes are mentioned in the novels. Among this new literary material, Balkan Wars and the following tragedy are some of the most commonly held ones. Forced Balkan migration to Anatolia was discussed in the recently published novels in Turkey. Novel as a literary type includes social and political issues within the sociological dimension. Thus, it is not only significant for literature but it is also worth to be considered in the studies of sociology and history. In this study, we aimed to present the common fiction, characters and places emerging with migration, by a selection of post-2000 novels which discuss the migration of the Balkan Turks to Anatolia. In this review, we analyzed how the migration during and after the Balkan Wars reflects on fictional world of novel. We also determined the literal and sociological components of Balkan tragedy within the framework of aesthetic of novel writing. In this context, we established common fiction and idea of novels; and similar aspects of characters by comparative examination. Keywords: Balkan Turks, Historical Novels, Exile, Literatura, Sociology

206-224

Authors: Fatma İmamoğlu

Light and the elements which spread light have special meaning for both mythology and religious belief systems and also for literature. These elements have been regarded as related things with supreme God and beloved ones therefore they have gained a blessed aspect. They were thought as indivisible elements. In cosmogony myths transforming from chaos to cosmos, holy times and places in belief systems; Sun, Moon, Star and the other sky elements which were being regarded as the creator once upon a time and again jewelries and some tools have been related with light as they are shining; all these elements and notions were seen positive. Necâtî Beg, himself, have tried to relate the elements and people he love with light to honor them and to make them have blessed aspect. Everywhere in which beloved ones come to an existence is shown shining and enlightened and all the adjectives used to describe beloved ones are related to light. The person in love is always in darknes and chaos if beloved one is not with him. Everything that prevents arriving near beloved one is described as dark and bad in Necâtî Beg’s Divan. Key Words: Classical Turkish Literature, Necâtî Beg, mythology, light, light elements

245-260

Authors: Merve Artukoğlu

One of the criticisms to Divan literature that it is divorced from life and that is completely imaginary literature. But today, a lot of studies, in a search constantly new poems written by poets, shows they use many concepts of social life. Cinani lived in 16th century, when the most brilliant works, poetry, poets, the most successful in terms of technique and aesthetics were grown in Divan literature. Period, he work as a müderrislik and ders-i âmlık in Bursa where is important cultural place, and his divan topics included rich subject about social life. Each Ottoman poet such as Cinânî's and one of the most important feeding source observes that in social life and the actual sections examined the divân, is emerging. In our study, we saw the heavily in the divân works of our poets, is an important part of social life, architecture is discussed. In this context, the topics of the poems it contains the poet's sections of architectural structures are classified under the appropriate headings. The dates given in the couplet architectural structures, were tried to be determined by making use of various historical sources. Penned structures are explained by the analogy that likened the elements . With the help of our examination by setting out one of divan poets’ poem, we are aiming to contribute the properties of the period that the poem is written, social life and architectural elements relevant these informations. Key Words: 16th century, Divan, Cinânî, Social Life, Architecture

261-278

Authors: Onur Balci

Divanu Lugâti’t-Turk that is the first dictionary of Turkish language has significance in many ways. The book was written to teach Turkish to Arabs. Divanu Lugâti’t-Turk is a unique source regarding the fact that it is the first dictionary ever and it puts the verbal sources of Turkish language into written form and it shows the situation of Turkish dialects in the 11th century. Mahmoud al-Kashgari, the author of the book, stated that some words he included in the dictionary belong to the Turkish dialects at that time. One of these dialects is Kipchak. Mahmoud al-Kashgari gave the grammatical features of Kipchak and stated some words as Kipchak. In this study, the situation of language materials recorded as Kipchak in Divanu Lugâti’t-Turk in modern Kipchak dialects is discussed. Living and non-living words are identified. Explanation and interpretation on the situation of words in examined dialects are made. Eventually it was determined that some words recorded as Kipchak in Divanu Lugâti’t-Turk are available in the modern Kipchak dialects, some words are not available. Some of the words have changed in terms of phonology and semantics. However most of the words, recorded as Kipchak by Mahmoud al-Kashgari are available in the modern Kipchak dialects. Key Words: Divanu Lugâti’t-Turk, Kipchak, modern Kipchak dialects.

294-332

Authors: Yasemin Yılmaz Atagül & Ö.Y.Cevher

Positional suffix is one of the issues that needs to be taught at a basic level in Teaching Turkish as a foreign language. Positional suffixes are used to add such as location, direction, divergence and availability in nouns. But there are still so many mistakes to using and learning Positional suffixes. The aim of this research is to determine those mistakes and find a solution to them. This research took place at Sakarya University TÖMER, 86 African students who are learning Turkish as a foreign language at A1 and A2 level were evaluated on Turkish grammar skills, and Positional Suffix . This research was started from mistakes that students made on using Positional suffixes at their exam papers. As a result, some suggestions were given to those students and all mistakes they did about use Positional suffixes were solved. All dates of this research were based on Sakarya University TÖMER(Turkish language Learning and Research Center ) 2014-2015 Academic years exam papers for A1 and A2 levels Turkish learners who just finished 6 weeks of Turkish learning. All analysis results took place under the Positional suffixes headline, indicate Positional suffixes, divergence Positional suffixes, directivity Positional suffixes and availability Positional suffixes were classified to be a subtitle under the Positional suffixes headline. All the sentences that students wrote were examined without any changes. At the end of the research, it was found that students made more mistakes at Dative Positional suffixes compared to other Positional suffixes. This case is followed by Ablative, Accusative and Locative Positional suffix cronologically . In the mistakes examine, it was found out that students did not use the Positional Suffix where it was neccessary. On the other hand, students were using Positional suffixeses where it was not necessary because they mixed its usage with possessive suffix and Positional suffixes. So, we can conclude that students do not know the exact usage of Positional suffixes. Key words: Sakarya, TÖMER, Teaching Turkish as a foreign language, African students, Positional suffixes.