Türük Uluslararası Dil, Edebiyat ve Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi

1-10

Authors: Ayten Musayeva

It is known that the literature of every time is connected with social-moral events happened in society. One or another writer doesn’t specify the type of character but the time itself and problems of this or that time do. In Azerbaijan Literature Jalil Mammedguluzade represents a new type of a character. And in American Literature of XX century it is O.Henry’s duty. First of all emphasizing Jalil Mammedguluzade’s being one of the best masters of short story writers the author brings to the attention main features like the depth of thought, compactness, and comprehensiveness in his creative activity. In the article it is noticed that Mirze Jalil creates unforgettable images with the help of perfect characters, with few words, in brief description. At the same time the author tells about O.Henry who created the immortal samples of a short story in American Literature at that period and emphasizes the basic aims of his works –reflection of the suffers of ordinary people, their life manner that is ordinary, full of cares. After casting a general glance at both writers’ creative activity it appears in the article dialogue is an important means applied to create an image and a character in unexpected short stories of both writers - Mirze Jalil and O.Henry who have individual, unique writing style. Dialogues in these works have great importance to discover the essence, the maintenance of events, to open the character of the images. In both writes’ short stories dialogues are the means of mutual understanding, that’s why there is deep logic, clearness in their dialogues. One of the writes who created the deeply meaningful dialogues in Azerbaijan Literature is Jalil Mammedguluzade, but in American Literature O.Henry is. First of all the author notices that the place and time identity is very necessary to form a dialogue and she grounds her thouhts on with the help of the samples taken from both writers’ activity. It is known from comparative analysis of Jalil Mammedguluzade’s and O.Henry’ stories that O.Henry’s works can be divided into two groups: 1) in the short stories which are more lyric the characters are known from their words and phrases they used, and their behavior in a certain time; 2) in the other group of the stories the dialogues are narrated by the first person. Then the author of the article notices an interlocutor is very important for the existence of the dialogue. It is known that forming a dialogue depends on its activity, because the work of the interlocutor is not only a remark. In conclusion the article deals with the roles of dialogues in opening characters in short stories written by Jalil Mammedguluzade known for his individual style in Azerbaijan Literature and O.Henry in American Literature early in XX century. The author of the article comparing both of the writers analyses their similarity and difference in creating dialogues to determine a type of a character. At the same time technics serving to open a character, humanism, and the styles of both authors who kept the way of realism, literary language of stories are also reflected in the article.

14-28

Authors: Л. A. ПОKPOBCKAЯ, Trans.: Bülent Hünerli

This article is focused on the general classification of folk songs of Gagauz people, dwelling on the territories of Moldova and Ukraine, in terms of genre varieties, ideas, topics or other peculiarities. Analysis is based on folklore material, which was gathered by author following his 8 scientific expeditions to Gagauz villages in 1948-1961, and on Gagauz songs published by V. Mochkov (1904), A. Manov (1938) and V. Zajakoczkowski (1960). Two main genres of Gagauz songs (Turkish folk music) are distinguished: epic and lyric songs. Ballades and historic songs relate to epic genre. Songs, based on the everyday life topics, form a special genre – this kind of songs are introduced in a form of lyrical epic lamentations. In total, Gagauz folk songs are closely related to traditional art of Turkish and Bulgarian people; they combine traditional Turkish and Slav poetry features due to living conditions.

1-14

Authors: Mustafa Argunşah & Melike Uçar

Yusuf u Zeliha` story is one of the widely read and liked subjects of Turkish literature. Therefore it has been written since 13th century to this day mostly in verse and rewritten tens of times. In this article, the mesnevi called Kıssa-yı Yusuf, which is recorded in the number 21 in retired instructor Rasim Deniz’s private library, is introduced. On first page of the Mesnevi, author’s name was given Aksarayli Mahmud. We consider that this is the person, Mahmud-ı Aksarayî, who wrote a history book in Persian, 1323, named Müsâmeretü’l-Ahbâr. Arabian and Persian poems in Müsâmeretü’l-Ahbâr shows that at the same time Aksarayî was a poet. This written work is a journal. The book is highly worn off. Being among the 25b-80b pages of this journal the mesnevi’s entire name is Dâsitân-ı Kıssa-yı Yûsuf aleyhi’s-selâm. Consisting of 55 foils this mesnevi’s one or two pages from the last pages are missing. There are 1577 couplets in the work. In the mesnevi there are 15 odes in various lengths. Tittles of the mesnevi are Persian. The work was written in `fāʿilātün fāʿilātün fāʿilün` rhythm. On the copy we have there are rhythm errors in many of the odes. There could not been any copy of the work determined till this day. Since the last page is torn there is not any recording available about who copied and where it was copied. According to resources, Aksarayî was born in the first half of the 13th century and died in 1332-1333. Both historical datum and the language of the work show that it was written in the second half of 13th century. According to these determinations Kıssa-yı Yûsuf is one of the first works of Old Anatolian Turkish. However the only copy that we could determine belongs to last periods. For this reason there are not many archaic features reflected to the text totally. In our study this important work is introduced to science world, sample transcribed texts and facsimiles are given.

24-41

Authors: Nuran Tezcan

Evliya Çelebi is an extraordinary writer not only in terms of the content of his writing but also in terms of his language and style. Having set out to express many original observations and narrate many scenes from life, Evliya Çelebi seems to have realized that the inşa style of the classical prose, which was based on poetic aesthetics, was not adequate for this purpose. Instead of taking the aesthetics of inşa as an end in itself, he used it as an instrument for telling stories about man and society, and carved a language and style of his own out of the vocabularies and narrative possibilities of both the inşa language and the vernacular. Both the idiosyncrasies of his language and his mastery in fictionalizing his experiences clearly show that he was not only a traveler but also a writer. With his uncommon attitude towards the classical aesthetics of the Ottoman prose, whose writers were always also poets, Evliya Çelebi appears to have been the “crossroad where prose writers split from poets”.

1-48

Authors: Ali Akar & Ayşe Günay

The Oghuz tribes who began to migrate Anatolia from Khorezm region in mass since 13th century, created a new writing language based on their own dialect. This writing language developed in historical process and created Ottoman Turkish and Turkey Turkish. In Turkey Turkish, there are many dialects which developed based on it. These dialects have features of general phonetics, morphology and vocabulary of Oghuz Turkish. In these dialects, there are phonetics, morphology and vocabulary belong to language of the other Turkic communities who migrated to Anatolia depending upon different social, political, economical and demographic factors. One of them is the data of language of Karachay-Balkar Turks who migrated from Caucasus to Anatolia in the second half of 18th century. This data was determined in Turkish Dialect Dictionary. In this article, vocabulary of Karachay-Balkar Turkish in the stated dictionary will be examined by the method of comparative linguistics. Key Words: Dialects of Turkey Turkish-Karachay Balkar Turkish-Vocabulary of Karachay-Balkar Turkis

64-70

Authors: Zoya Kirillova

Our works is based on study of loanwords and words with Turkic origin in speech of Kryashen – Christian Tatar, who is relate to Volga and Ural ethnic-denominational group of Tatars. Most of Christian Tatar live in republic of Tatarstan as well as some of them settle down in neighboring republics of Bashkortostan, Udmurtia; Chelyabinsk, Kirov and Samara regions. Being scattered in different areas, Kryashens have significant disparities both in the language features and in the customs and traditions. The main group of Christian Tatars are ones who has changed Islam to Christianity. The others are descendants of an impact by Tatar Finno-Ugric folk or have an origin from Chuvash people who are also the part of Turkic nation or influenced by them. This opinion is proved via a linguistic feature of Christian Tatar dialects. In each dialect of Christian Tatars loanwords related to Turkic origin are in the main position. It is important to mention: living aside of Muslim Tatars, besides Christian Tatars dialects, their own literary language, there are some words, which are kept in written manuscripts and still used in a spoken language. In our study we analyze these words. Among borrowings, Persian, Arabic and Russian loanwords take a majority in the speech of Christian Tatars. In our study we examine these loanwords in the background of the sound changing and trace the peculiarities of the Christian Tatars language in comparison with other speech of the Tatar language. According to habitation, some groups of Christian Tatars accepted loanwords of the Chuvash and Udmurt languages. They have been mentioned in our work. Due to the study Turkish words make the basis of speech of Christian Tatars, who are considered as unique group of Tatar nation. Russian, Arabian and Persian loanwords, phoning to sound changes, are used in all languages, but in individual parochialism. Having connection and communicated with the neighbor nations, some Chuvash and Udmurt words were borrowed. Keywords: Kryashen (Christian) Tatars, speech, words with Turkic origin, loanwords.

79-87

Authors: Kaan Yılmaz

The existence of a morphological element which functions as a copula, given as “bildirme eki” in Turkish linguistic tradition and from the period of Old Uighur period it has had the meaning particles of the verb tur- , has had the attention of linguists. It is obvious that some problems have been experienced in determining sub and top categories and hierarchical relations on the basis of some traditionalist approaches in explaining the relation of word+/- suffix in Turkish language. One the problems is determining, explaining and classification process of the element called “+DIr bildirme eki” in our linguistic corpus. In the present article, grammatical comments which seem complex in the final analysis as to the what the copula of +DIr- and what it is not have been analyzed form the point of view of studies exclusively conducted on this morpheme. As a result, it has been stated that the copula of +DIr- in the sentences which has it, does not cause a change when it is used for another an element of other sentences and the structure of the sentences does not also change. Key Words: Morphology, suffix, copula, indication, sentence.

119-139

Authors: Turan Çelebi

1944 is an important turning point for the Macedonian Turkish culture and art. This year is considered as the start date of contemporary Macedonian Turkish literature. Macedonian Turks’ first periodical newspaper in Latin alphabet, the Birlik newspaper, was published in 1944. Following the Birlik newspaper, Macedonia’s first Turkish children literature newspaper, the Pioner, was published in Latin alphabet in 1950. Pioneer is a leading newspaper to the Sevinc and Tomurcuk magazines published in the later years. Pioneer also published the works of first children literature authors. The article examines the outlines of 10 published Pioner newspaper between 1950-1951 and develops an index of the newspaper. In this section, the Macedonian Turkish children literature and Pioneer’s importance in this literature has been analysed. This section also provides information on the design and writers of the newspaper. In the index section, the published articles in the newspaper have been classified according to the publication date of the newspaper. Keywords: Pioneer Newspaper, Macedonian Turkish Children Literature, Necati Zekeriya, Hüseyin Süleyman, Fahri Kaya.

155-168

Authors: Hasan Ali Güneş

Ottoman poets used to collect their poems into a book called "divan" or "conk". However lots of them died before doing this or some of their poems are not placed in the books for some reason. This kind of poems may be called lost treasures of poets. Poetry collections are some kind of anthologies represent popularity of poets and poetic intellection of period they had been written in. They are enormously significant in terms of registering poems written by poets who do not have divan or poems of famous poets which are not included in their divans. Poetry collections which have many sorts are lost treasure chests of poetry. Poetry collection we studied in this work, containing samples from minstrel literature and divan literature is a 93 page work which was written in 17th century. There are 154 poets' 595 poems in this collection Key words: poetry collections, divan poetry, minstrel poetry, 17th. century, Houghton Library

211-235

Authors: Orhan Kaplan

Turkish translation of Hariri’s work so named Makamat which is considered to be one of the most important works in Arabic literatüre have been made in various periods. Complete translation is made by Tahir Selam Muhammed Beg, Ahmed Hamdi Sirvani, Manastirli Danis Ahmed Efendi and Sabri Sevsevil while the partial translation of the work was made by Rome Embassy Imam Hasim Veli and published in 1326 in Istanbul. Hasim Veli met with Makamat by Halis Efendi, and translated the introduction, first, third, eleventh and twentieth makames of the book with his advice and order. Hasim Veli stated that Makamat reveals many flaws of the previous period of authoritarianism clearly and that is why the management would not let this work to be published which is the reason why he could not publish the translation immediately. Hasim Veli waiting for an appropriate time for the publication states that he started to work with a great enthusiasm in 1910. According to Hasim Veli, Hariri’s Makamat is one of the best books arranged on rhetoric and fluence while it is a work with a fame known well by the literature circles. For the people who want to have a grasp of the virtues, hard to understand, closed and confidential aspects of Arabic and to understand subtle wit and overtones of Quran which is especially a rhetoric and fluent miracle, examination of Makamat with a deep thought is mandatory. In this study, partial translation of the work of Makamat which has a separate important among the Arabic works with its artistic utterance by Rome Embassy Imam Hasim Veli transferred to Latin alphabet and made a general assessment of the translation. Keywords: Hariri, Translation of Makamat, Hashim Veli.

266-292

Authors: Burcu Bolat & Basir Ekici

Custom is a word which is originated from Arabic. In dictionaries, it corresponds to such as customary thing, habitual, ordinary. It is known that customs come into existence due to the fact that not only have various resources but also random. While some customs are fixed, others on the contrary are flexible. Societies sustain the society life with obeying these customs. We tried to review the work İstanbulun Eski Adetlerinden which was narreted by Tahirü'l Mevlevi. Tahirül Mevlevi was one of the importan person in the 19th century and in this work he gives us information about cultural frame with casting light on his period. Also he provides to hold a view about protecting negative situations and celebrations of positive situations in our daily life. Although some suggestions are not clear at present, they are more acceptable when it is considered in that time conditions. In this work, we translated the text into Latin alphabet and tried to find the equilavences of these customs. It consists of 25 subtitles and told the process of a boy's life from born to his first school years. In our work, after the the equilavences of these customs are found in resources evaluation part is placed in the last chapter. Key Words: Custom, Tahirü’l-Mevlevî, 20. century, child, tradition.

328-339

Authors: John A. Erickson, Trans. Hanife Gezer

This paper investigates the origin of suffixes in Turkic languages with forms similar to -γaru ~ -gärü and -ra ~ -rä, -ru, -rü, -rϊ ~ -ri, referred to in grammars as markers of a “directive case”. There has been considerable uncertainty about historical development of these suffixes as case markers, leading to a number of attempts to reconstruct their original form and function in both Proto-Turkic and Proto-Altaic, all of which have proven inconclusive. This study examines the problem from a new perspective. It begins with a reassessment of attempts at reconstruction, considering the various benefits and shortcomings of each approach. Then, based on morphological and syntactic data from Old-Turkic, it offers a reconstruction of the original form and function of the directive case in pre-Old Turkic. Key words: Turkic languages, Old Turkic, directive case, historical linguistics, morphosyntactic change.

1-16

Authors: Semih Tezcan

The fact that foods and eating habits differ from country to country has created significant problems. Despite globalization, these problems have not completely disappeared. Until recently, food choices were determined by geography, religious prescriptions, beliefs and customs. Those who migrated to another country or otherwise changed their habitat eventually had to change their eating habits as well. In the past, people generally regarded the food of their own ethnic or religious group as tasting good and as good for them, while that of others (strangers or enemies) as disgusting and bad for them. In this article, I cite examples of such food prejudices drawn from old texts. I also discuss some of the terms that occur in these texts and offer some emendations to misreadings. Key Words: Ancient texts, Ottoman table, food names

24-36

Authors: İ. Gülsel SEV

Demonstrative postpositions have the function of demonstrating a thing or a person and they also have the function of reinforcement. The focus of the present article is demonstrative postposition of munu, which is found in the works of Kharahanid period. The verses including munu gathered form Kutadgu Bilig, which is an important work of its period, constitutes the linguistic data of the article. munu is not found in the historical dialects of Turkish and it was confused with munı which is the accusative form the singular demonstrative pronoun. In DLT, it was used with the meanings of ‘that’s it, that’s, it’ and were the responses to the queations ķanu (which) and ķanı (where). In TİKT it was used with the meanings ‘certainly, no doubt, that’s it, it’. The frequency of meanings ‘that’s, that’s it’ in KB is outstanding, and munuķı, unu, uş unu, uş munu forms with the same meanings is also encountered in the work. In the study, it was claimed that the postposition munu, which is unique to KB, is formed with contamination of kanu to ķañu which is has /n/ and found in Köktürk. It was also expressed that bu singular demonstrative pronoun, which refers to ‘işte’ demonstrative pronoun, is found in the body if the postposition. Moreover, the idea, caused by the confusion of the forms of munu and munı, that there is an accusative suffix in the structure of the suffix was not accepted. It can be just an assimilation of munı > munu. Key Words: Kharahanid Period, Kutadgu Bilig, Demonstrative Pronoun, munu

67-74

Authors: Uluhan Özalan

It is stated in some studies that some morphemes functioning in the paradigms of Turkish language have not been structurally analyzed and them have become a subject of teaching process. Trying to evaluate the structure of Turkish language on the basis of form, ignoring Ø elements in the paradigms and trying to explain the elements of Turkish language with the categories of other languages having different structures are the most important reasons that prevent determining the correct place of a morpheme. It is questionable that the studies conducted with reference to the structure of Turkish language change the established perception. In the present study, the elements given under the title of copula in the studies have been analyzed in terms of structure. As a result, that this category does not exhibit a different structure from personal morphemes have been tried to be shown. Key Words: Turkish language, agglutination, copula, personal suffixes, Ø morphem

94-104

Authors: Selami Alan

As the number of the literary works increase the need to understand them also increases. On the basis of this need many literary criticisms techniques appeared and text analysis methods were developed. From time to time among a method has come forefront become dominant. Structuralism has dominated literature and marked the studies since 20th century as a theory. Structuralism, which bases on text and analyzing text with the relation of word and meaning not on artists’’ life stories, social atmosphere and cultural elements, has brought a different perspective especially to poetry. According to structuralists art is like a machine that consists of parts and each of them has an important role for the process of a mechanism. Analyzing these parts and finding out the relations among them provide the knowledge about the whole. The same reason is valid for a literary work formed with language. If one wants to get information about the core of a text he should examine the linguistic parts. With reference to linguistic point of view of structuralism, Arif Nihat Asya’s “Beşik” poem has been analyzed. Accordingly, by tackling language which is the raw material of a poem he phonetic, morphological, semantic, aesthetic and artistic values of Beşik have been determined. Key Words: Arif Nihat Asya, Structuralism, Turkish poetry, Poem Analysis, Literary Theory

115-142

Authors: Özgür Okmak

Lover is the heroine of our divan poetry. In other words divan poetry was built around it mainly. Lover is the chief feature of divan poetry which had been survived for centuries. The most important feature of the lover is her beauty which will blow her lover or lovers’ mind away. There are some rules which were determined by the tradition in divan poetry. In the light of these rules, the lover has some attributions both spiritual, characteristic and materialistic, physical and she displays a typical and idealized lover character. Therefore each idealized feature of the lover- her height, her eyebrow, her mouth,her cheek,her face,her waist,her breast..etc were tried to be told by divan poets by thinking in each detail with distinct concepts and expressions. While these attributions are dealt in poems, some patterned expressions are used. Especially while mentioning about lover’s pyhsical attributions. We have tried to identify the beauty features of the lover which takes place in the poems of Aydınlı VisÀlì who is presented as the representative of the movement of “ Türkì-i Basit” by some literary surroundings. Keywords: Aydınlı VisÀlì, divan poetry, lover, beauty features, analysis.

168-205

Authors: Derya Kılıçkaya

"The Tortoise Trainer” is a biographical novel about Osman Hamdi Bey, archaeologist, painter and the founder of the Turkish museum. "The Tortoise Trainer”, as it is known, is a painting of Osman Hamdi Bey. Emre Caner gives the same name to his novel, and he relates Turkish art in this way. Especially, the novel mentions about what our painters have done for art in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, how the Archaeological Museum was built, Lagina Excavations, and how the Alexander Sarcophagus was brought to İstanbul. Emre Caner, in the acknowledgements section of the novel, cites the resources which he used. Thus, the work proved to be not entirely fictional. Caner also, in the text of the novel, utilises these resources. Also in this novel there are people who are doing cultural activities aside from Osman Hamdi Bey.(Ahmet Mithad Efendi,Şeker Ahmet Paşa…etc) The writer has a novel about first Turkish woman painter Mrs Müşfik. Mrs Müşfik was born in 1886 as a daughter of a pasha and she died in 1954.She was buried in potter's field of New York.She drew the portraits of Mustafa Kemal, the Pope, Edison and former USA President Roosevelt.She led a bohemian lifestyle.In this book the culture that Mrs. Müşfik inherited us is given by the writer.However the writer tells more about her private life than her art issues. In this article we are going to try to examine the history of culture and science in these two novels written by Emre Caner.The main goal of this article examining culture/science factors within the frame of characters of the novel.However in the first section of article novels are going to be examined within the frame of biographical novel.In second and third sections of the article we are going to analyze the history of culture and science which reflects these novels Key Words: Biographical Novel, Osman Hamdi Bey, Mihri Müşfik Hanım, Culture, Science.

225-244

Authors: Mehmet Onur Hasdedeoğlu

Modernization as a government policy which begins with the rescript of Gülhane, soon penetrates into all state organs accordingly effects the daily life. Throughout the centuries, the Ottoman society is molded by the Eastern culture, later on constitutes its own customs and traditions by creating its own culture. In the 19th century, the Ottoman society begins to come into close contact with the Eastern culture, thus steps in a new cradle of civilization and starts to question its own cultural identity. At first step, Turkish literature takes form by the translation activities in this era and soon afterwards by publishing the copyrighted works, it starts to deal with the social issues. The authors of the Tanzimat era adopt the idea of social benefit so that their intellectual and literary activities aim to enlighten the society. Plenty of intellectuals and especially Ahmet Midhat Efendi who as well are novelists of the Tanzimat era, mention various issues of the society that experiences the westernization movement, in their works. However, if one looks through the native novels, it can be seen that the West has a profound impact on these works. The aim of this study is to make a general overall evaluation concerning the reading culture of the Tanzimat era by analysing the reading activities of the protagonists. Accordingly, by determining whether the works which protagonists read have an impact or not on their world views, will be examined. Key Words: Modern Turkish Literature, Literature of Tanzimat Era, Novel, Reading Culture, Ahmet Midhat Efendi

250-369

Authors: Gülten Küçükbasmacı

Mehmet Akif Ersoy, who is born in 1873 in İstanbul and died in 27 December 1936, is a figure who is found a way to solve the problem of his period. Akif thinks that when we have to emulate foreign conturies, we should just transfer their science (ilim) not culture by using our own spiritual essence. Poems in Safahat whose first book published in 1911; last book in 1933 has witnessed many facts as of the period that is written like 1908 the proclamation of the Second Constitutional Monarchy; the Balkan Wars; First World War; the War of Independence; the proclamation of the Republic and its first years since 1904. Whereas a state has been disintegrated, a new state has been established in this period. Thereby this period is a process that has been happened rapidly change and transformation. Akif who cares about life and various aspects of life writes works on social issues. He conducts principle of realist sense of art; on the other side he records rich cultural side of life within that period. We face in Safahat visits of patients and elderly, cemetery visits, Eid visits and celebrations, going to the mosque for prayer and sermon, wedding dinner, mortal remain, mawlid, the kids going to school, streets, square, houses, shops, coffeehouse and taproom at the beginning of the 19th and 20th İstanbul. In this study, Safahat is approached as a production of written oral culture. Customs and traditions regarding turning points in life; amines procession regarding childhood, wedding and death; wedding ceremony; funeral ceremony; mawlid; feasts and kandil regarding feasts, ceremonies and celebrations have been determined in Safahat. In addition to, it can be faced with spaces such as taproom, coffeehouse, house, mansion, room, mosque, recreation area as the place of oral cultural medium. As a result of these determinations, we can say that poet has recorded social memory in Safahat and he has registered oral culture through written material. Keywords Mehmet Akif, Safahat, oral culture, cultural memory, transition periods, feasts, place of oral culture

279-293

Authors: Ramazan Enser

The intertextuality method which is based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s “dialogism”, is as old as the history of literature. In Bahtin’s opinion all kinds of statements embody an attitude towards the object, topic or the described situation mentioned in the statement; as well as an attitude towards the listeners/readers. The statement can only exist throughout these two attitudes and it can only be defined in this way. That’s why every text can only exist and be obviously or not in a dialogue, with another text. Kristeva changed Bakhtin’s term “dialogism” to intertextuality. She was the first to use and defend it as a literary theory in literature. Kristeva theoretically framed that the existence of every text is a product of the mosaic of previous texts which are converted forms of other texts. This method that was also used before in the eastern and the Turkish literature, took a place in modern Turkish stories and novels. With postmodernism it started taking place in our literature as an important fiction factor. One of the writers who used this intertextuality method was Mustafa Kutlu. The aim of this study is to present the data of Mustafa Kutlu’s “Bad Nightingale” story with the method of intertextuality. These data were attained by comparing the story of “Bad Nightingale” and the traditional legend of “The Nightingale and The Rose”. The connection between “Bad Nightingale” and traditional legend of “The Nightingale and The Rose” was obtained by parody and citation methods. The parody technique in the story does not fit the frame of parody defined by Gerard Genette. Because the parody in the story was changed to its opposite, by not criticizing the previous texts but making a parody of the loss of sufistic meanings; the materialization, simplification and lumpenization of the traditional concept of love in our days. Key Words: Intertextuality, parody, citation, The Nightingale and The Rose, Bad Nightingale, Life is Beautiful, Mustafa Kutlu.

333-349

Authors: Zehra Yazbahar

History of literature, being one of the branches of literature, maintains a presence with various names as well as “the biographical memoirs, the biographical memoirs called Şuara” until the beginning of the history of literature. But many work which name is “History of Ottoman Literatüre” that is “history of literature” take part yourself in literature course from 19. century. Vasfi Mahir Kocatürk (1907-1961), who write poem and research with Turkish literature and history of literature, has an important place in history of literature. Writer, who has worked continuously for write great history of Turkish literature since fifteen years, has from book of poetry to literature book, from book of anthology to monograph book, from translation book to children’s storybook, from history book to history of literature. Vasfi Mahir Kocatürk with in the history of Turkish literature his works, has importantly contributed to the history of literature and in this aritcle which includes Kocatürk’s works about history of literature Kocatürk’s method and deficiency with addition to Turkish literature history and referenced location will be examined with critical perspective. Key Words: Vasfi Mahir Kocatürk, history of literature, historiography of literature, method in history of literature.

1-36

Authors: Oktay Ahmed

This paper discusses the temporal and modal suffixes and their variants in the Turkish dialect of Skopje (Republic of Macedonia). The preference of present tense over the aorist, the rare use of aorist, the mixed usage of optative and imperative mood, the build of necessitative mood not with morphological, but with lexical elements in the Skopje dialect are given with their relevant examples in this paper. In the Skopje dialect, as well as in the other Turkish dialects of Macedonia and Rumelia, the suffixes have fewer variants and the differences of the variants usages draw the attention. In the literature, there is almost nothing about this dialect. These findings are partly accurate and mainly discussed in the broader Rumelian dialects. It’s very interesting that even there is a Department of Turkish Language and Literature in Skopje, the capital of Macedonia, there are plenty of detailed works of other dialects outside of Skopje, just because of fear of their disappearing. Nowadays, there is simply no major work at all about the Turkish dialect of Skopje. Even some characteristics of the dialect of Skopje could be found in various studies, these are not enough to catch the broader picture about the wide characteristics of this dialect, or mainly they are indirect information. Keywords: Skopje Turkish dialect, Macedonian dialects, tense suffixes, modal suffixes, morphology.

53-117

Authors: Şaban Doğan & M. Sezen Güneş

In the present study the work named Risâle-i Bevâsîr, which is claimed to be a work of Hacı Paşa in some source books and which is penned for the treatment of hemmoroid, has been examined. In order to clarify the historical periods and the changes and developments, the historical texts of a given language must be published. Within the framework of the study, firstly information about the writer of the work has been provided, the content of the work and its vocabulary has been debated. Phonetic and morphological properties of the work has not been included as these properties of the era in which the work was written were put forward by the previous studies. As the aim of the study is to give the vocabulary of the work, the index and transcribed version has been prepared. The objective is to contribute to the literature by giving the vocabulary of Old Oghuz Turkish and medical language. Key Words: Old Oghuz Turkish, Risâle-i Bevâsîr, Vocabulary, Turkish Medical Texts

139-160

Authors: Ayşe Nur Sır Dündar

Ahterî-i Kebîr was accommodated by Muslihiddin Mustafa Ahterî Efendi in 1545 in Kütahya. It is a brief bilangual dictionary from Arabic to Turkish. It is a signigicant work, that reflect the language properties the Anatolian Turkish of XVI th century. It is reference resource of Turkish Language with rich vocabulary. Its carrying the properties of Afyon and Kütahya dialect properties, in addition, for it includes the words which are unrecorded in Turkey Turkish Dialects Dictionary, it is of great importance. Studies which will be done on vocabulary of the work will help Turcology studies in terms of both understanding the current situation of Turkish language and contributing to Compilation Dictionary and also for bearing traces of historical Turkish dialects. In this study, old Turkey Turkish Dialects of vocabulary are considered. However, the words were determined which are unused in Standard Turkey Turkish and recorded in Turkey Turkish Dialects by scanning of Ahterî-i Kebîr. The scope of this study was narrowed because of the number of determined words were too much. Therefore the comparison of the vocabulary of Survey Dictionary with turkish words of Ahterî-i Kebîr was left to the next study. In this study focused on the words of included of Ahterî-i Kebîr but words of Survey Dictionary. First of all these words has been identified thats present in Compilation Dictionary and then in both works available words are compared as form and meaning. The words have been classified according to obtained data and these have been presented in tables as subtopics. Numeric values of these are included in the results of this study. Key Words: Ahterî-i Kebîr, Compilation Dictionary, vocabulary, meaning, dialect properties

171-196

Authors: Feyza Tokat

Hand-weaved materials that are a part of national culture are not used in social and economic life as a result of the change and the development of technology. Denizli, having a rooted weaving history, is quantitatively rich with regard to textile terms which fall into oblivion with the decrease in usage of hand weaved materials. In Denizli accents, there are many terms on traditional weaving that have not been transferred to written language. Thus, it is important to make a research on traditional hand weaving terms that are still living in Denizli accent but perhaps will be forgotten and lost in a very short period of time. This research is limited to the terms in Denizli accents about the raw materials used in the production of textiles, the traditional manufacturing techniques, the tools and equipment used, the names given to people dealing with the profession of weaving, and the general weaving terms. With this study, 262 terms are determined on traditional weaving. Thus, it is aimed to avoid the loss of the vocabulary of the traditional weaving, to pass this culture-related information to future generations, to contribute to the studies on finding Turkish terms corresponding to foreign weaving terms, and to determine Turkish term affixes from the collected data in Denizli accent. Keywords Denizli accent, term, vocabulary, hand weaving, hand weaving terms

219-241

Authors: İlyas Yazar & Orhan Kaplan

Thinking which is a mental process, has a close relation with words. Although humans can think without words, every perceived word accelerates thinking, establishes a chain meaning pattern with the words it evokes and this motion forms one of the action points of thinking. While sea reminds of ship, wave and blueness, winter season evokes stove, snow, rain and feeling cold. In a way referral of one of the pieces forming the whole, ensures the thinking of the other pieces. Poem is a structure knitted by words and from this aspect it serves as a connotation center. The word preferences of poets play an important role in determination of connotation power of the poem. Usage of synonyms, homoionyms and words with meaning relation all together is one of the effective methods which evoke persistent stances made around a center, the excitement and thoughts more intensively. This kind of usage was made an intentional method by some poets rather than being a coincidence. In XVIII. century Classical Turkish Poetry synonyms and homoionyms were used within the same couplet so that it was possible to take advantage of the Arabic, Persian and Turkish reciprocations of the words, therefore hearing of different tones in the couplets based on the different phonetic properties of the words in these three languages was achieved and contact with the emphasized point was increased by the words which converted into a ring of light around the same meaning. At the same time, usage of words which have a meaning relation among each other has always been preferred by the poets for canalization of the meaning to a certain point. In our study the stylistical usage of synonyms, homoionyms and words with meaning relation was discussed through the poems of Şeyh Galib, Nedîm and Koca Ragıb Paşa. Key Words: Classical Turkish poetry, Şeyh Galib, Nedîm, Koca Ragıb Paşa, XVIII. century.

266-286

Authors: Hasan Yazıcı

Social analysis of the father figure based on meaning and in terms of education in scope of Turkish Novels between 1980-2000 years has been carried out. It has been tried to be determined what kind of relationship existed between novels and sociology about the father in scope of education. By focusing on 1980-2000 period, status of the father figure in scope of education has been discussed, based on selected novels. Texts have been excerpted from different novels to provide variety, so as to increase their social representation power. The study can be a tool to make contributions in solving the social and familial problems. The testimony of novels has great significance especially for societies that experience depression caused by change and transformation even today, such as our society. A thorough evaluation of these documentary evidence comprised by novel data regarding our country's social conditions and features, may help us to comprehend the past better and to look to the future with much more confidence. Keywords: Father, Turkish novel, literature sociology, novel sociology, family sociology.

296-307

Authors: Sibel Murad

Several methods have been used throughout the history of humanity on the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Human, who previously see all the negativity of physical, mental and social as a supernatural event, firstl sought remedy on sorcerers. These people, who were also known as healers, have played an important role in the detection and treatment of disease. Later, mankind who discovered new treatment methods through trial-and-error, has laid the foundation of modern medicine. Folk medicine is an institution that is away from scientific medicine and composed entirely of traditional and magical treatment methods. The folk medicine texts that are used for the treaatment of people as illogical practice and the text that is on the weight of that application on the folk medicine are separated from the medical texts that depend on the scientific medicine understanding that were written of that time. In this study, some applications will be discussed that are within the field of folk medicine and a work named ‘ Tercemi-i Aynül Hayat’, which is a work of Bali Efendi ( 980/1572-73 ) who was one of 16th century Ottoman authors/translators. Although many excerpts and experiences were transferred in Tercemi-i Aynül Hayat, it would not be wrong to name this work as a folk medicine book where more traditional and magical practices are found. While some of these applications are used for therapeutic purposes, some were used out of treatment. The therapeutic applications consist of treatment methods that are prepared from animal products, plants and human organs. The applications that were not for treatment purposes consist of subjects related with protector against evil, love and affection enhancer, and dominate in war and bilateral relations. Key Words : Historical Medical Texts, Terceme-i Aynü'l-Hayat, folk medicine, superstitious beliefs, magical practices.