The Animal Biology

9-20

Authors: Андрійчук А. В., Ткаченко Г. М., Кургалюк Н. М., Ткачова І. В., Вартовник М. С.

A physical exercise in athletic horses induces a series of normal physiological and biochemical adaptations. Eventing is a rigorous exercise challenge, similar to the human triathlon that tests the physical ability and skill of both horse and rider during three separate phases. In dressage, a standard set of movements is performed and awarded a subjective score. Cross-country jumping requires horses to jump over 35 to 40 obstacles covering 5 to 7 km of terrain within a limited time. For stadium jumping horses are jumped over 10 to 12 obstacles arranged in a course set in an enclosed arena. The aim of the current study was to determine the level of oxidative stress biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, carbonyl derivate of oxidatively modified protein), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, as well as lactate and pyruvate concentrations in sport horses involved in eventing before and after exercise. Our results suggest that exercise cause different consequences on oxidative stress biomarkers in the blood, plasma, and erythrocytes of horses. Exercise lead to significant increase TBARS level in the blood, while in erythrocytes and plasma does not. The significant increase of TBARS level in the blood is a result of exercise-induced oxidative stress. This difference in TBARS level between rest and training periods most likely is a consequence of differing levels of oxidative stress occurring in the tissues and the blood. Significant decreases in the aldehyde derivatives of protein oxidation in the plasma after the training was noted. Exercises can induce the activity of the proteasome complex, which is significantly involved in the degradation of oxidatively modified proteins. Thus, in our study, decrease of carbonyl derivatives in the plasma after the exercise is a result of exercise-induced adaptation. We found a significant decrease aminotransferases activity after training indicating about the high level of athletic horses’ performance. The preventive effect of regular training of eventing horses leads to adaptation to prolonged exercises, which accompanied by decrease of oxidative damage of protein in the plasma and increases resistance to oxidative stress. Significant increase of lactate concentration after the exercise indicates about the level of anaerobic glycolysis contribution to the total energy supply of muscle activity in horses involved in eventing.

35-41

Authors: Волощук В. М., Біндюг Д. О., Манюненко С. А.

It has been researched the quality of pig carcasses, chemical composition and the physico-chemical indexes of the meat and pork fat under conditions of different regimes of feeding young pigs of the Poltava Meat breed: normalized even (control) and the normalized uneven, rhythmically-oscillatory with a gradual change of the diet by weight on 20 %. It was determined that using oscillatory regime of feeding did not significantly affect on the slaughter indexes and the quality of slaughter products of fattened pigs. The morphological composition of pigs’ carcasses at different the different regimes their feeding was within the confines of physiological norm and doesn’t differ essentially between themselves. The number of meat, back fat and bones in carcasses of control and experimental pigs was 55.5 % and 56.4 %, 32.8 % and 32.9 %, 11.7 % and 10.7 % accordingly, that is typical for this age and genotype. It has been revealed the tendency to a change of some indexes of the meat quality at the oscillatory regime of feeding pigs: the increase of fat on 19.95 % and phosphorus on 11.76 %, at reducing the intensity of color on 15.06 % and also an active acidity on 0.72 %. Among indexes which characterize the quality of meat, are the most variable in experimental pigs were found out such: a number of fat and the losses at thermal its treatment. A total moisture in pigs’ fat of the control group was on 2.9 % less comparatively with received from animals of the experimental group, The temperature of melting it was lower in pigs in pigs of the control group on 2 C.

49-54

Authors: Головко А. М., Пінчук Н. Г., Дмитриєва Г. В.

In the article are expounded results of researches of sensitiveness of neat cultures of tests are to the wide spectrum of antimicrobial preparations, with the purpose of determination of their activity. The analysis of activity of antibiotics which are used in veterinary medicine is conducted, in accordance with standard standards, with the purpose of determination of the falsifyed preparations. The results of activity of benzilpenicilinu of different producers are resulted with the purpose of comparison of findings of not below of possible minimum indexes of activity. Analysis of international and domestic bases of these collections of cultures of tests, enabled to take away highly sensitive microorganisms for determination of activity of antimicrobial preparations. To carry out a selection, preliminary studying characteristic properties of cultures and their sensitiveness to the wide spectrum of antibiotics. By a disko-diffusion method and diffusion in an agar the results of researches are got in relation to the study of sensitiveness of cultures of tests of microorganisms to the different antimicrobial matters and the set of cultures of tests is formed for determination of activity of antibiotics by a microbiological method. From the results of researches the table of sensitiveness of cultures of tests is resulted to the minimum concentrations of basic standards of antibiotics of different groups, dividing into every culture which enables to compare the got results of the probed preparations on accordance of their activity of indicated in instruction of application. For today modern methods of determination of activity of antibiotics are practically inaccessible for the state laboratories of veterinary medicine of Ukraine, as need dear equipment and highly skilled specialists for the leadthrough of researches on him. Simple enough and by fasts in application, relatively inexpensive, highly sensitive and accessible for the state laboratories of veterinary medicine there are biological methods of control of quality of medical preparations.

63-89

Authors: Гопаненко О. О.

Aim of the study was to determine the level of cortisol and aldosterone depending on the content and fatty acid composition of esterified cholesterol in the blood plasma of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis and with acute arginine pancreatitis corrected by linseen oil. The exploration conducted on male rabbits breed Gray Giant body weight 3.8–4.0 kg during 30 days. The material for the study were blood samples. Cortisol and aldosterone in plasma were determined by using imunoenzyme test systems company «Immunodiagnostic»(Germany). The concentrations of esterified cholesterol were determined in the blood plasma by chromatography in a thin layer of silica gel. Feeding with linseed oil in the diet of rabbits leads to an increased level of cortisol and aldosterone in the blood plasma of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis. The content of esterified cholesterol increases in the blood plasma of rabbits with the above disease. Feeding with linseed oil leads to normalization of esterified cholesterol in the blood plasma of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis. In the fatty acid composition of esterified cholesterol the relative level of saturated fatty acids with odd and even number of carbon atoms in the chain and monounsaturated fatty acids ω-7 and ω-9 families increases, but polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 and ω-6 families decreases in the blood plasma of rabbits with the above disease. In the fatty acid composition of esterified cholesterol in the blood plasma of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis, corrected by linseen oil, relative amount of monounsaturated fatty acids ω-9 family decreases, but polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 family increases.

76-82

Authors: Зинов’єв С. Г.

Biotechnology projects have long crossed from scientific knowledge in the area of industrial and commercial use, and the achievements of genetic engineering used for the production and development of new varieties of plants and breeds of animals with a variety of new features that were absent in the parental forms. Many see genetic engineering means of solving global problems, primarily food and environmental. At the same time, in the world of science has accumulated a lot of evidence of the existence of potential and actual biological risks in the commercial use of transgenic plants. That is why the study of the effect of GM soy on blood biochemical status of the pigs as similar to the object model of the human body is important. Studies were conducted on the number of pig’s analogues of 24 heads (8 gilts and boars in group). In the diet of pigs included 10 % full fat extruded soybeans in the control group varieties «Vorskla» (without GMO) in the experimental (GMO, RR, GTS 40.3.2). An analysis of the data set as age-related changes of biochemical blood parameters of growing young pigs, and related to the use of GM soy in the diet. Putting 10 % of genetically modified soy in the diet of growing young pigs has significant effect (p=0.000025 and p=0.000017) on the increased activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, and the concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the blood of 8-month-old pigs, as compared to 4-month animals (p=0.04) and compared with controls (p=0.01). This may indicate a negative influence of GM soy as the condition of the liver and myocardium. Other studied parameters in the control and experimental groups did not differ significantly pigs, and are found only age-related changes.

90-94

Authors: Кузьмінов О. Б.

2nd generation antihistamine — loratadine is producing by chemical and pharmaceutical companies in Ukraine, which causes the development of hygienic standard of acceptable content in the working area of industrial premises. Toxicity parameters of loratadine were determined on laboratory animals under conditions of acute and subchronic toxicological experiments. In studies were used non-linear white rats, white mices and rabbits. Loratadine was administered orally, intranasally, applied to the skin and mucous membranes Duration of acute experiments was 14 days, subchronic — 24 days. Revealed that loratadine is moderately hazardous substance. Median lethal doses for laboratory animals are 1980 mg/kg to 6150 mg/kg. Absolutely lethal dose of loratadine for rats is 10,000 mg/kg, for mices — 4000 mg/kg. Symptoms of a lesion central nervous system dominated in the clinical picture of acute poisoning. Death of animals stretched in time, comes from the first day of the experiment, and is caused by acute heart failure with pulmonary edema and hyperemia. In other internal organs found signs of acute circulatory failure. In animals, that survived, the general condition was normalized on the 4 th day. The is an insignificant risk of acute oral poisoning over calculated values. Skin-resorptive and local irritant effects in skin contact are absent. Loratadine has medium expressed locally irritant effect in contact with the mucous membranes of eyes. Under administration of increasing doses, loratadine shows strong cumulative activity with the development of the clinical picture of subchronic intoxication.

104-111

Authors: Лесик Я. В., Федорук Р. С., Кропивка С. Й., Долайчук О. П.

We investigated the effect of watering sulfate, sodium chloride and citrate Chrome on physiological and biochemical parameters of blood and semen quality of rabbits-sires. We determined the morphological and biochemical characteristics of blood cells, the contents of individual monosaccharides of glycoprotein’s and their carbohydrate components of lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant defense enzymes and qualitative characteristics of semen of rabbits. Research conducted on males sire rabbits divided into three groups. Control group received a balanced granular feed and water without restriction. Research and in addition to the standard diet consumed sodium sulfate at the rate of 400 mg/kg body, 0.05 g S/kg body weight and chromium as CrCl 3 x 6H 2 O, in the amount of 7 μg per kg body weight. The Study II additionally received sodium sulfate at the rate of 400 mg/kg body weight and Chromium citrate in an amount of 2–3 μg Cr per kg of body weight produced using nanotechnology. Research has found that watering in the diet of rabbits, bulls additions of sodium sulfate, chloride and citrate Chrome for 73 days significantly affected higher number of white blood cells and red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration in the blood of animals of experimental groups. Watering males rabbits mineral and organic chromium compounds increased the immunological reactivity of their body with an increase in blood levels of hexoses bound to proteins serohlykoids, haptoglobin, fucose, sialic acid and ceruloplasmin, but more pronounced biological effects of significant difference found for the experimental group and animals which received chromium chloride. The use of Sulfur and Chromium compounds contributed plausible reduction in their blood content of lipid peroxidation products and increased activity of antioxidant defense enzymes compared with control. Watering rabbits within 73 days of sodium sulfate and Chromium compounds reflected a positive effect on semen quality of rabbits, bulls research groups to improve its mobility by 3.0 and 5.0 % compared with the control group.

120-132

Authors: Паска М. З.

Meat productivity of cattle is formed by wide range of morphological, biological, physiological characteristics, which depend on the species, the genotype of animals, environmental conditions, type of higher nervous activity, diet and usefulness is measured by such indicators as the cost of feed per unit increase; body weight, absolute and relative growth rates, carcass yield, meat quality. Therefore, the study of biochemical processes in fattening bull-calves Polissya meat breed, depending on the type of higher nervous activity and the effect of feeding feed additive «Mikrolipovit» on the main indicators of metabolism and meat productivity is extremely important. Purpose — to examine the effect of feed additive «Mikrolipovit» on some indices of protein metabolism and main performance numbers of fattening bull-calves Polissya meat breed, depending on the type of higher nervous activity. The study was conducted at the Society with limited liability «Klen» Zhovkivskyi district, Lviv region on meat direct performance bull-calves of the initial and final fattening period at the age of 6–18 months. The types of higher nervous activity (HNA) in calves was determined using the outside the chamber method of making motor-food conditioned reflexes A. S. Makarova. Based on the investigations conditioned reflex activity formed four experimental groups of five animals most typical representatives of specific types of HNA in each. The first group animals were strong balanced mobile (SBM) type of HNA. The second group animals were strong unbalanced (SU) type of HNA. The third group were animals strong balanced inert (SBI) type of HNA. The fourth group was animals of weak type (W) of HNA. Animals of all groups received basic diet in which the part of the grain ration replace by 5 % of plant-vitamin and mineral supplement «Mikrolipovit». Performance study was performed at 6 and 18 months. To this end, in the morning before feeding blood were taken from the jugular vein. The blood activity measured aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlAT). Serum was determined: total protein — with biuret reagent, the ratio of protein fractions (%) by electrophoresis on plates with 7.5% polyacrylamide gel; glucose and urea sets of firms Lachema, Czech Republic; тotal lipid content was investigated on a spectrophotometer VSU 2-P pry wavelength of 680 nm. To study the effect of compounds of dietary supplements on the growth of animals determined by body weight, absolute, relative and average daily gain. The study of the chemical composition and biological value of meat carried by generally accepted research methods Established, that feeding a feed additive «Mikrolipovit» promotes increasing protein content in the serum of calves, increasing the relative proportion of albumin and growth albumin-globulin factor in calves of all types of HNA. The increase in the above parameters and urea indicates the enhancement of protein metabolism in calves, glucose, carbohydrate metabolism and total lipids resulting in increased meat productivity, improved slaughter performance and meat quality characteristics. Based on the data content and the ratio of essential nutrients, biological value of meat its technological properties must be concluded that the meat of calves of different types of higher nervous activity, characterized by optimum chemical composition and high usefulness protein that is fully consistent needs of consumers. Maximizing productivity of fattening bull-calves, compared to other research groups, found in animals such as inert strong equilibrium type of higher nervous activity (3rd group).

140-147

Authors: Скляров П. М., Кошевой В. П., Федоренко С. Я.

The successful conduct of the livestock industry due to the need of regulation and correction of reproductive function of animals, resulting in search of modern, safe and practical methods of using hormones. In view of the developed and derived from plant material from vitamin-hormones preparations Kagadin and Karaphest that are part of a comprehensive program for prevention of perinatal pathology, introduction which provides an increase on 9.1 % in the number of animals with a satisfactory clinical condition and high development potential and a decrease on 10.1 % the number of animals with poor clinical condition and low development potential, particularly among lambs and goats respectively +11.0 % and +7.2 % and –13.3 % and –6.9 %. In addition, it was found to decrease the incidence on 9.1 % (on 11.9 % — among lambs, and on 6.4 % — among kids) and on 6.2 % mortality of animals (on 9.6 % and 2.9 % — among lambs, and kids), and reducing the duration of dilation of the cervix on 0.19 h (0.23 h — in sheep and 0.16 h — in goats), expulsion of the lamb — on 5.47 min (on 5.70 min — in sheep and 5.25 min — in goats) and expulsion of the afterbirth — on 4.01 min (on 5.46 min — in sheep and 2.56 min — in goats) and the number of animals of postnatal pathology — on 6.7 % (on 5.6 % — in sheep and 7.9 % — in goats). A program using vitamin-hormonal phytopreparations is effective at the level proposed earlier method of increasing the viability of newborn lambs and kids and prevention of pathological lambing in sheep and goats, which simplifies the method of oral drugs compared with intra–abdominal, and therefore it provides a wider practical use.

160-168

Authors: Федорук Р. С., Романів Л. І.

The effect of feeding with native soybean meal with addition of chromium chloride and citrate on lipid content and composition of the main factions in the tissues of head, thoracic and abdominal segments of a body of honeybees has been investigated. The study was conducted in the summer-autumn period on 3 groups of honeybees of Carpathian breed, 3 bee families in the each group. Bees of control (I) group held for standard conditions, utilizing their accumulated stocks of cerago. In feeding of bees of experimental group (II) 200 grams of native soybean meal with the addition of 7.7 mg chromium chloride, or 1.5 mg Cr (III) were used. Bees of experimental group (III) in addition to the same amount (200 g / bee families/ week) of native varieties of soybean meal received the addition of chromium citrate equivalent to 60 mg Cr3+. The experiment lasted 35 days with feeding intervals of 7 days. The control and experimental groups of bees, as bee farm were safe from infectious and parasitic diseases. At the final stage of feeding soybeans and chrome (Day 35) from each of beehive 30–35 bees were selected, of which tissue samples for biochemical studies were formed. In tissue samples of honey bees the content of total lipids and quantitive composition of individual fractions have been determined. The obtained results indicate a positive and of similar direction influence of native soybean ingredients and mix them with mineral and organic compounds of chromium added to it in different concentrations on the metabolism of total lipids and their individual classes in the tissues of different anatomical parts of the body of bees. The high biological influence of mineral (1.5 mg of Cr III) and organic (60 mg of Cr III) compounds on the relative content of individual lipid classes in the tissues of the head, chest and abdomen of bees of research groups has been established. The content of total lipids in these tissues remained unchanged at the level of control group.

174-182

Authors: Шевченко Є. А., Копилов К. В.

In article showed results of studies differentiation interline New Zealand White breed rabbits by C34T myostatin gene and G2464A progesterone receptor gene polymorphism. The highest frequency of allele C by myostatin gene had the offspring from male Emperor (0.551). The frequency of allele T in this sample was 0.449 respectively. For rabbits lines Bilash was observed higher values G allele of the progesterone receptor gene (0.488) due to the benefits of homozygous animals. Established distribution of the effective number of rabbits alleles (Ne) by polymorphic variants of the myostatin gene and progesterone receptor gene. Identify indicators of genetic diversity, analyzed genetic distance matrix and indices of relationship in the context of linear accessory studied animals. Proposed methodology for selection of different lines rabbits by polymorphic variants of the myostatin gene and breeding values according to the algorithms of the best unbiased linear prediction. According to the BLUP-evaluation of the New Zealand White breed rabbits of different genotypes progeny established that high index values were males of the line Nazar (+0.199), Baikal (+0.357) and Casper (+0.046). They answered the relative breeding value: 101.0 % 100.0 % and 100.5%, respectively. BLUP-analysis assessing the breeding value of the New Zealand White rabbits breed by reproductive traits daughters showed that a high index of BLUP had male Nazar (0.140) and lowest — Caesar (-0.035). Based on these studies suggested using of integral genomic and BLUP evaluation of rabbits, which is the basis for identifying the genetic potential of animals and forecast productive qualities offspring.