The Animal Biology

19-27

Authors: Білаш Ю. П., Дідович А. П., Вудмаска І. В., Голубець О. В.

Selenium and vitamin E have not only antioxidant effects in animal organism but also affect the activity of microorganisms including in rumen. Change the value of species and enzyme activity of rumen microorganisms impacts on synthesis of specific bacterial fatty acids and on dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids hydrogenation. Experiment on the 3-groups of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed bulls with 5 animals in each group has been provided. The control group fed a balanced diet. Bull of the 1st experimental group received the same diet with the addition of 0.3 mg/kg of selenium (sodium selenite) and 100 mg of vitamin E, and 2nd experimental group — 0.5 mg/kg of selenium (sodium selenite) and 300 mg of vitamin E per 1 kg DM. The experiment lasted 2 months with subsequent slaughter at 18 months age. Fatty acids profile was studied by gas chromatograph HP-6890 with 100 m length capillary column SP-2560. In the lipids of musculus longissimus dorsi of the control, 1st and 2nd research groups were found (%): branched-chain acids — 0.82, 0.87, 1.12 (p<0.001); odd-chain acids — 3.67, 3.86, 4.29 (p<0.01); linoleic acid — 3.79, 4.21 (p<0.05), 6.47 (p<0.001); linolenic acid — 1.47, 1.45, 2.44 (p<0.001); trans10-18:1 — 1.09, 0.92, 0.77 (p<0.05); trans11-18:1 — 2.09, 2.39, 3.05 (p<0.05); trans10,cis12-18:2 — 0.11, 0.06 (p<0.05), 0.05 (p<0.001), cis9,trans11-18:2 — 0.30, 0.32, 0.47 (p<0.01). Quantities of acids 20:4, 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 were increased in the muscle of 2nd experimental group bulls. The contents of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids did not change. Thus, supplementation of bulls diet with high doses of selenium and vitamin E (2nd experimental group) changed the levels of formed in the rumen fatty acids, including conjugated linoleic acid. In addition, number of polyunsaturated fatty acids was increased, what may be associated with a lesser degree of peroxidation in the tissues. A lower dose of selenium and vitamin E (1st experimental group) affected on the fatty acid composition of muscle tissue much less.

34-40

Authors: Васильченко О. В., Єгоров Д. П., Маньковська О. С., Трунцева І. Г., Григор’єва С. М., Костіна В. Г., Пальчиковська Л. Г.

The current work aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hybrid compounds the inhibitors of RNA synthesis and their DNA-binding ability. Antibacterial activity of compounds against the clinical strains of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aureginosa was investigated by serial two-fold dilution method in a liquid medium. DNA binding ability of hybrid compounds was studied by the DNA migration through agarose gel assay. The significant concentration- and structural-dependent bactericidal action of hybrid compounds against Gram-positive pathogens was observed. The compound 6 [4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-9H-thioxanthen-9-one], which inhibits both bacteria with MBC values of 7.6 μM was determined as the most effective. It was shown, that compounds 1 [1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenazine ], 2 2 [ 4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)acridin-9(10H)-one] and 4 [ 4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-9H-thioxanthen-9-one] are able to bind to DNA duplexes. It is suggested that the inhibition of phage T7 RNA polymerase by compound 2 can occur due to its DNA-binding ability.

47-52

Authors: Губар І. В.

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of micro- and nanoparticles of lead on blood coagulation system: on blood plasma of experimental rats (of changes of the coagulometric characteristics in the in vivo conditions) and on its components (of the conformational changes of proteins in the blood coagulation system in vitro conditions). The influence of the lead particles of all sizes on coagulometric characteristics of blood plasma of experimental animals can be described as hypocoagulating. It was established that the decrease in size of lead particles increased their toxic effects on the coagulation system proteins.The sensitivity of proteins to the lead particles of all sizes found in the following sequence: thrombin> fibrinogen> thromboplastin. Revealed changes may be due to the influence of lead micro- and nanoparticles on the structure and activity of proteins that take part in blood coagulation process.

60-69

Authors: Костенко С. О., Драгулян М. В., Джус П. П.

Monіtoring of pig home karyotypic variability continues detect constitutive cytogenetic damage carriers, most of whom are reciprocal translocations. Analyzed the variability of different chromosomes in terms of their length, contents of genes and QTL and participation in cytogenetic damage. Analysis of Sus scrofa population karyotypic variability, which are reproduced in different radioecological conditions, indicates that the cytogenetic parameters of pigs somatic mutagenesis ranges are: the frequency of cells with micronuclei — from 1,3±0,3 to 7,13±0,82 ‰, binucleate — 0,72±0,27 to 5,2±0,3 ‰, mitotic index — from 1,5±0,53 to 10,4±0,4 ‰. The frequency of metaphases with aneuploidy — from 4,50±0,98 to 18,55±3,39 %, asynchronous splitting chromatid centromere regions — from 1,34±0,02 to 6,23±0,05 %, with polyploidy — from 0,3±0,21 to 1,73±0,63 %, with chromosomal aberrations — from 0 to 5,69±0,12 %. Under the influence of low-dose ionizing radiation, there is increased frequency of cells with micronuclei, aneuploidy metaphases, asynchronous cleavage of centromeric regions of chromosomes, dicentric and ring chromosomes.

86-94

Authors: Лесик Я. В., Федорук Р. С., Ковальчук І. І., Долайчук О. П.

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of the suspension chlorella, sodium sulfate, chloride and chromium citrate on the activity of the immune system of the body of rabbits and the intensity of their growth. Studied the content of glycoprotein’s and their individual carbohydrate components, the concentration of circulating immune complexes, high molecular weight, the phagocytes activity of neutrophils, phagocytes index, phagocytes number lizotsym and bactericidal activity in blood serum of rabbits for introduction in the diet chlorella suspension, sodium sulphate, citrate and chromium chloride . Research carried out on young rabbits between 50 and 122 days old, divided into five groups. Rabbits fed control group compound granular feed with free access to water. Rabbits and research groups to the main diet of water received 50–80 ml suspension chlorella. Animals II experimental group consumed foods diet similar and the experimental group with the introduction of the water additive sodium sulphate in an amount of 150–170 mg S/animal/day. Cubs rabbits III experimental group received a diet of Group II with extra drinking water than chlorella and sodium sulphate, chromium chloride, in an amount of 28–35 mg Cr/animal/day. Crawley fourth experimental group fed with feed and water drink similar group II with the introduction of the water in the amount of chromium citrate 8–12 mg Cr (III)/animal/day obtained by using nanotechnology. Research has established that the blood of rabbits II, III and IV research groups additionally consumed in the diet sodium sulphate, chloride and citrate chromium content of glycoprotein’s and their carbohydrate components was significantly higher during the 62 days of the study compared with the control group. Introduction to the diet of rabbits III and IV groups mineral supplements led to high immunological reactivity of their body with an increase in blood levels of circulating immune complexes, phagocyte activity of neutrophils, lizotsym and bactericidal activity compared with animals II experimental and control groups.

101-107

Authors: Огородник Н. З., Віщур О. І., Кичун І. В.

Weaning piglets from sows is a powerful stress factor that increases lipid peroxidation, decreases immune potential and antioxidant defence of piglets. In order to normalize processes of lipid peroxidation and to increase the system of antioxidant defence of animal natural antioxidants are used in veterinary medicine — vitamins, minerals, amino acids. However, their used as conventional forms has a significant drawback — they are rapidly metabolized and excreted from an organism. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of vitamins A, D3, E, L-arginine and zinc in the form of liposomal emulsion on activity of enzymes of antioxidant system, content of products of lipid peroxidation and the productivity of piglets after weaning from sows. The experiments was conducted on piglets of large white breed, which 2 days before weaning parenterally injected of investigated components in form liposomal emulsion, by a dose 0,1 ml/kg of body weight. It is set that introduction of vitamins A, D3, E, l-arginine and zinc in the blood of piglets on the 10th day after weaning decreased content of lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products. Thus in plasma of blood on 5th days after weaning increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase, and in the erythrocytes activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and increased the content of reduced glutathione. Average daily body weight growth increases in piglets of experimental group for the actions of the probed factors were on 16,6 % more than in piglets of the control group. The data obtained suggest efficiency of application of vitamins A, D3, E, l-arginine and zinc in form liposomal emulsion with in order of normalization of the system of antioxidant defence and increase of the productivity of piglets.

119-126

Authors: Сидір Н. П., Стапай П. В.

The data about indices of protein metabolism, thyroid hormones in the ewe’s blood and their milk production under the using in their diets increased levels of mineral elements (S, I, Zn, Cu, Co) by 20 % of the norms and fat supplements in the filtroperlit were presented in the paper. Our experiment was carried out with three groups of Precos breed mature ewes. The control group fed to the basic diet, balanced by the feeding norms. On the basis of the data analysis on the mineral composition of feed the lack of sulfur, zinc, copper and iodine in the animal’s diet was found. These mineral elements in the diet of the ewes of the control group were adjusted to norm by mineral salts, including sodium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper carbonate and potassium iodide. The animals of the first experimental group were fed to the basic diet include a mixture of these minerals (and cobalt) to 20 % above norm. The ewes of the second experimental group were fed a mixture of the mineral elements, as well as the sheep of first experimental group, and filtroperlit (per 50 g / per head /per day). The experiment was conducted in winter-stall period, their duration was 92 days. Addition to the lactating ewe’s basic diet S, I, Zn, Cu, Co over 20 % of norms, and the mixtures of these minerals and fat supplements in the filtroperlit composition positively influenced on the protein metabolism and thyroid gland function, as a result led to their milking increase. In particular, the average daily live weight gain of lambs of the first experimental group increased by 7.6 % and the second experimental group — on 10.2 % compared with the control group. The total protein content in the ewe’s blood of the first experimental group increased by 12.44 % (P<0.001) and the second experimental group — by 28.2 % (P<0.001) compared with the control group. It was shown the albumin content in the ewe’s blood increased in the experimental groups whereas globulin fraction in animal blood tended to decrease, particularly by γ-fraction. The activity of transamination enzymes, especially aspartate aminotransferase (16.8%, P<0.02) were also increased in the blood of experimental groups. One of the mechanisms for rising of ewe’s milk productivity under the influence of these nutritional factors may be positive effect on the thyroid gland function. In particular, the content of T3 hormone in the animal’s blood of the first experimental group increased by 50.0 % (P<0.01) and the second experimental group — by 68.3 % (P<0.01). Similar changes of T4 content were observed in the experimental groups (39.4 % and 47.9 % (P<0.001) respectively) compared with the control group. It was concluded that the content of S, I, Zn, Cu, Co in the diet of lactating ewes should increase over 20 % from the norm, and the fat content in the ration of sheep must balance.

134-140

Authors: Стекленьов Є. П., Смаголь В. О.

Investigation of craniometric indices of adult animals of an artificially isolated subpopulation of saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) in Ascania Nova, which originated from the Kalmyk population animals, has been carried out. It is established that average Cv (by six indices) of the skulls of saiga antelopes is 3.19±0.41 % for the males, and 2.90±0.38 % for the females; by all the indices the males exceed the females (P<0.001). A relatively weak correlation between individual measurements has been found, and it varies in relatively wide limits in case with males (from 0.18 till 0.98) as well as with females (from 0.10 till 0.96). The biggest values of the correlation coefficient account for changes in condilobasal length of skull with its basic length (r=0.98 and 0.96 respectively) and diastem length (r = 0.65 and 0.88 respectively); for basic length of skull with diastem length (r = 0.64 and 0.85 respectively) and interorbital width with skull length in orbital area (r = 0.80 and 0.87 respectively). A weaker correlation exists in the change of interorbital width values with basic skull length (r = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively), with diastem length (r = 0.24 and 0.27 respectively) and with condilobasal length of skull (r = 0.18 and 0.30 respectively), as well as in basic length of skull with its length in orbital area (r = 0.26 and 0.32 respectively). Skulls of saiga antelopes from the Ascanian population (equally males and females) by quantitative indices exceed the analogous indices of animals from Kalmyk population, the difference being statistically significant. A further, more detailed analysis of degree and character of individual factors on morphological variability of saiga antelopes from the Ascanian subpopulation will help to develop further programs of their reintroduction.

151-158

Authors: Шеремета В. И., Опанасенко А. С.

The studies were conducted to assess the genetic potential of breeding boars breeds Landrace and Large White on the genes of estrogen receptor (ESR) and prolactin (PRLR), establishing the level and differences in sperm-productivity in various media of genotypes of these genes. Genomic DNA was gathered from blood using reagents supplied in the «DNA-sorb B» (AmpliSens, Russia).The Analysis of the genotypes of pigs were conducted by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction, length’s polymorphism of the restriction fragments). In the obtained product, after amplification of genes ESR and PRLR at 37 °C, was plugged in restriction enzyme Pvu II and Alu I respectively and aged for 12–14 hours. Received restriction fragments were separated in a 4 % agarose gel (Helicon, Russia). There were obtained fragments, for the genotype by the ESR gene: AA — 120 bp., BB — 65 bp. and 55 bp., AB — 120 bp., 65 bp. and 55 bp. PRLR genotypes in gene fragments corresponded to the following: AA — 85 bp., 59 bp., 19 bp., BB —- 104 bp., 59 bp., AB — 104 bp., 85 bp., 59 bp., 19 bp. It was found that in the analyzed sample of boars Landrace and Large White there is the quantitative differences in the genotypes of the genes PRLR and ESR .Thus, all studied Landrace boars and most (60 %) of large white were heterozygous genotype AB gene ESR. Whereas, in prolactin receptor gene observed single heterozygous individuals, and most maker of both breeds are homozygous have genotype BB. Breed differences relates to the fact that the breed Landrace boars had only heterozygous genotype for the gene ESR, and the breed «Large white» have 40 % of the animals with the AA genotype. In Landrace breed frequency of allele A in gene PRLR is higher up to 12 % compared to the «Large white» breed. Moreover, Landrace boars with different genotypes outscored sperm-productivity manufacturers of large white breed. Within each species, not found benefits of boars sperm-productivity one of the genotypes of the genes and receptors PRLR ESR.