The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences

6-10

Authors: Singh K. Sudhir; Huda Farhanul; Rao Shalinee; Pal Shweta

Introduction: Breast tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis which accounts for less than 0.1% of breast conditions in developed countries but reaches 3–4% in regions where the disease is endemic like India and Africa. It appears mostly in women of reproductive age who are multipara or lactating. The most common presentation is that of a tumor in the breast with or without ulcer or pus discharging sinus. Differential diagnosis includes breast cancer and chronic abscess. Materials and Methods: We report a case series of breast tuberculosis that were treated in a tertiary center. After a diagnosis of breast tuberculosis based on FNAC and histological finding, all the patients received anti-tubercular treatment and followed monthly to see the response. Result: On the triple assessment of breast lump, diagnosis of breast tuberculosis was confirmed by FNAC in two patient and Tru-cut biopsy and histological examination in four patients. One patient with biopsy report of necrotizing mastitis was labeled as breast tuberculosis on the basis of clinical suspicion. All patients showed a good response to ATT on monthly follow up. Conclusion: Although breast tuberculosis is a rare disease and can be misdiagnosed as breast cancer, a high index of clinical suspicion should be kept in mind during evaluation of breast lump, non-healing breast ulcer, and chronic sinuses. Early diagnosis based on clinical features and supplanted by FNAC and Tru-cut biopsy is suggested. Anti-tubercular therapy is effective.

16-20

Authors: Getrude N. Okechukwu; Nweke B. Ofobuike; Gabriel G. Akunna; Joseph A. Nwafo; Augustine O. Ibegbu

Beta-carotene (βC), an antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables is responsible for the yellow color of these plants. The aim of the present research was to investigate the morphometric changes on Wistar rats fed high dietary fat and βC. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into 6. Group A was the Control and received distilled water, Group B received high-fat diet of 60% fat and 40% rat chow, Group C received 300mg/kg body weight (BW) of βC, Group D received high-fat diet for 12 weeks and was treated with 300mg/kg BW of βC for 2 weeks, Groups E received 300mg/kg BW of βC for 2 weeks and then received high-fat diet for12 weeks while Group F received high-fat diet for 12 weeks and was treated with 150mg/kg BW of βC for 2 weeks. At the end of 16 weeks, the weights, head-tail lengths were measured and the animals humanely sacrificed, the weights of the liver measured. The results showed that increase in high-fat diets did not sequel increase in the body weight and liver weight in the treated groups. When compared to Groups D and F, Group C showed increased body and liver weights but these were lower than that observed in Group A. The liver weight was increased in animals feed dietary fat alone when compared to Group A. The result showed that Lee index was higher in Groups D and F when compared to Groups B and E. The results of the present study suggest that β carotene extract can be very effective in treating weight gain due to high fat diets.

27-32

Authors: Abdullahi Umar Adoke; Constaance Egondu Shehu;Emmanuel Ikechukwu Nwobodo; Bissallah Ahmed Ekele; Anas Sabir; Amina Gambo Umar

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. It affects 2-10% of pregnancies and there appears to be a rising trend in its prevalence worldwide. Objective: The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors for gestational diabetes as well as the outcome of pregnancy among 207 consecutively recruited pregnant women. GDM was diagnosed according to the WHO criteria. All relevant data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was relatively high 7.7%. Advancing maternal age (p=0.000), high parity (p=0.000) and previous history of macrosomia (RR=3.056, CI 1.208-7.728, p=0.015) were risk factors for GDM. Multivariate analysis showed that only advance maternal age as a risk factor was statistically significant across all age (p value >0.000). Conclusion: The outcome of pregnancy was favorable among GDM patients. Thus, multidisciplinary management of GDM patients should be upheld.