The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences

1-4

Authors: Maha Shabbir; Ayesha Riaz; Hina Gull

A three parameters composition of Rayleigh density and Lomax density is introduced in the study namely Rayleigh Lomax Distribution (RLD). The mathematical properties of the proposed model are studied which include mean, median, mode, generating functions, quantile functions, and others. The reliability analysis of the model is examined by means of various functions which include hazard, reverse hazard, cumulative hazard, and survival functions. In addition, the Order Statistic of the model is also discussed. The model is applied upon real data set to assess the usefulness and flexibility of the proposed model by the method of Maximum Likelihood.

11-14

Authors: Do Tien Sam

Despite geographic distance, Vietnam and India are culturally close, economically complementary and are "natural allies" in terms of security. The traditional friendship built and cultivated by President Ho Chi Minh and Mahatma Gandi has become a valuable asset that people of the two nations will remember and continue to promote. The "Indo-Pacific: Free and open" strategy once implemented will serve as a new opportunity for bilateral relations to grow in both depth and breath. This paper first examines the foundations of cooperation and then puts forward some recommendation for improving the effectiveness of cooperation between Vietnam and India, mainly in the fields of politics, economics, and security.

22-26

Authors: Tran Van Luyen

Human rights are the great value of human society that we are trying to keep it based on legislation. Human rights are influenced by the conditions of politics, economics, history, and socio-culture of a particular country. Vietnam is on the way to socialism; therefore protecting human rights is critical as it is an essence as the nature of socialism. Although achievements of human rights protection, Vietnam has still faced a number of offense human rights, particularly in crime investigation activities. Hence, it is necessary to comprehend law to ensure human rights in crime investigation in Vietnam.

1-8

Authors: Nguyen Hung Cuong; Nguyen Ba Dien

The paper presents an overview of the main contents of the Court's Judgment on 07 December 2016 arbitration established under Annex VII of UNCLOS in 1982 on the lawsuit between the Philippines and China - a judgment‘s considered the turning point will create history for the East Sea disputes; analyze the meaning, validity and impact of the ruling, predicts China's next action and how to force it to comply. The paper also analyzes the impact of this ruling on Vietnam and initially proposed some solutions to be implemented in the struggle for sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction in the East Sea.

11-17

Authors: Nguyen Dinh Chien

It’s important roles of East Sea in economic, national defense and freedom navigation so that the powerful countries in the domestic and international region which have their opinions and policies with the East Sea. India’s that nation with their policy toward the East Sea, the same opinion of India toward dispute resolution about maritime sovereignty and freedom navigation. This study will analyze, comment on India’s policy toward the East Sea in nowadays, to show that important role of East Sea in India’s toward East policy.

24-29

Authors: Nguyen Thi Nga

In the context of the geo-strategic and economic importance of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, a new geopolitical construct of ‘Indo-Pacific’ has emerged and this terminology has proliferated the academic literature and dossiers of defense strategists and policy makers world over. This Paper outlines the quest for a quadrilateral partnership in the Indo-Pacific region as a tool for the understanding geopolitics of the twenty-first century. Amidst the complementarities and contradictions—emerging out of the Big Powers, the Paper offers a multilateral approach to the emerging rivalry in the IndoPacific. Finally, it argues that the growing competition and clash of interest of the global and regional powers would increase the geo-strategic significance of this region in the years to come.

1-4

Authors: Ahmad M. Saleh; Wasileh Petro-Nustas; Marjaneh Fooladi

Background: Prostate cancer has become a major public health concern for primarily affecting older men. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and ranked second as the cause of cancer-related death. The main aim of the current study is to evaluate the awareness of Jordanian men age 40 and older regarding screening of prostate cancer. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study involving 154 participants. A structured questionnaire detailing the biography, the knowledge of prostate cancer, the practice of screening by prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination(DRE). Results: Findings showed that mean age of the participants is 53.1 (±9.52) years. 93.5% and 99.3% of Jordanian men had no experience with either of digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostatic-specific-antigen (PSA) testing to detect cancer. Also, 68.2% of Jordanian men had no knowledge of such screening, while 12.7% had a good knowledge score. Among the participants, 97.4% had low to intermediate knowledge scores. Conclusion: Authors conclude that there was a remarkable lack of knowledge of prostate cancer among Jordanian men aged 40 year and above. Prostate cancer screening and serum PSA test for screening is mostly unknown among them. Therefore, developing a prostate cancer educational plan seems to be essential to cover the knowledge gap.

1-7

Authors: Nguyen Thanh Minh

Maritime cooperation an urgent need for the most of world's ocean in the current context, through international cooperation on the sea between countries, will contribute to strengthen the building trust, promote the development of marine economic sectors and reduce the risk of conflict. In the East Sea, there’re conflicting disputes over sovereignty disputes, sovereign rights and national jurisdiction left by history. The issue of maritime sovereignty disputes in the East Sea’s been complex both in the field and discussions on the theme in bilateral and multilateral forums. Therefore, international cooperation in the East Sea between ASEAN countries in these contexts become an urgent need, this issue should be focused on research-intensive to contribute to policy advice. In that spirit, this article will contribute to clarify the status of international maritime cooperation among ASEAN now and make comments about prospects in the coming time.

12-19

Authors: Pham Hoang Tu Linh

East Sea region’s a hot spot, where place to contain multiple sovereignty disputes between countries in the Southeast Asian region. To establish the sovereignty of the East Sea in the current period, the study's authors focused on the following major contents: (i) Differences between the sea and island sovereignty in the system of international legal; (ii) International legal regulations on the establishment of sovereignty over the islands; (iii) Based on international law rejects these false views concerning China's sovereignty issues for the island waters, the islands belong to Vietnam; (iv) Apply international legal regulations to assert the sovereignty of Hoang Sa and Truong Sa Islands belong to Vietnam.

27-33

Authors: Chinyere Okeke; Benjamin Uzochukwu; Ekpereka Nawfal; Evi Abada

Background: HIV/AIDS was described by WHO as a global health emergency as it is the single leading cause of death in adults. VCT combines counseling and testing into one service. It is an important strategy in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDs. Design and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all consenting prisoners in the dormitories selected by cluster random sampling of the dormitories in Enugu prison, Nigeria. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, awareness of HIV/AIDS, VCT and attitude to HIV/AIDS were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Epi Info version 6.04. Results: One hundred and thirty-five inmates participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 33.4
11.7 years. Only 48.6% of the tertiary educated respondents had gone for HIV test. All but one respondent had heard about HIV/AIDS 134 (99.3%) while 63.4% had heard about VCT. Average awareness score for HIV/AIDS is 75.0%, while awareness score for VCT is 38.0%. Family and friends were the highest sources of information on HIV/AIDS (34.6%) while mass media was the highest on VCT. If tested positive for HIV, 52.2% of the respondents would disclose their HIV status while 17.9% would like to spread the infection to others. Avoidance of extra-marital sex to prevent being infected was agreed on by 45%, while 5% had not made any behavioral change since hearing about HIV. Conclusion: Prisoners, though incarcerated, are part of the society. There is a need for prevention programs in such corrective institutions as the risk of infection is high in such places.

1-7

Authors: Anjan Adhikari; Moumita Ray; Tapas Kumar Sur; Sharmistha Biswas; Ranendra Kumar Roy; Alok Kumar Hazra; Anup Kumar Das

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, where it is necessary to achieve and maintain good glycemic control. Though various achievements have been made in conventional and herbal medicines as anti-diabetic, there is a need to develop a well-defined treatment to manage the disease along with its multiple complications. Rhizophora mucronata, a true mangrove, abundant in the Sundarban region is traditionally used for its anti-diabetic properties but has very few scientific validations till date. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Rhizophora mucronata Lam leaves on Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced Type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: The mangrove leaves were collected, identified and extracted with ethanol (50%) in the Soxhlet apparatus. Extract treatment was done for 28 consecutive days in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced Type 2 diabetic rats. Body weight, blood glucose profiles were measured along with serum lipid profile and serum insulin. Histological studies of the pancreas were also observed. Findings: The hydro-alcoholic extract of Rhizophora mucronata Lam leaves significantly reduced the blood glucose level. It also reduced the serum lipids in a dose-independent manner. Regular administration of extract maintained the normal serum insulin level. The study revealed Rhizophora mucronata leaves are a rich source of magnesium content and the Gas chromatographic study showed the presence of Squalene. Conclusion: Present study revealed the beneficial potential of ahydro-alcoholic extract of Rhizophora mucronata Lam leaves as an anti-hyperglycemic agent having lipid-lowering action along with insulin mimicking property. Further research is required to identify the bioactive component responsible for its potent anti-diabetic action.

11-15

Authors: Ibrahim Yerima; Mohammed Zanna Grema

The potential of coconut shell as a crop residue and its use as a biofuel has been ignored by our local communities and researchers, despite its importance as an alternative fuel in homes and small-scale industries. Today due to the increasing demand and cost of petroleum energy caused by decreasing supply and cost of firewood as a result of deforestation, demand and increasing population, coconut shell as a valuable biofuel must be viewed with seriousness. When coconut shell is used as a fuel, this attempt to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and sanitizes the environment of the injurious hard shell in addition to providing alternative and better source of fuel than fuelwood and other traditional fuel among the poor rural communities especially in developing countries. This reduces the demand and cost of fossil fuel as domestic energy. In this research, the potential of coconut shell was investigated by measuring a number of parameters ranging from moisture content, ash content, density and caloric value and specific heat capacity. Moisture content is considered as the most important parameter of the five parameters measured. The result of this research indicates a moisture content of approximately 9%, ash content 1.1%, density 0.98cm3, calorific value of 17.7mj/ kg and a fuel value index (FVI) of 810. Among all the agricultural crop resources namely, rice husk, sugarcane biomass, maize straw, rice straw, coconut frond and leaves, coconut shell has the highest biomass quality and the most utilized since it can be processed into charcoal due to high lignin content. Conclusively, considering the above measurement and results obtained from the coconut biomass as a biofuel, it is essential and necessary to encourage the use of coconut shell as a domestic fuel, particularly in the rural areas of developing countries where petroleum energy, deforestation and fuel wood scarcity is a challenge.

24-32

Authors: Nguyen Thanh Minh

Protect, utilize marine resources to promote sustainable development’s the content of the UN's Sustainable Development Agenda to 2030. To do so, through cooperation between coastal states, in particular, for sealed coastal countries or semi-enclosed seas. East Sea’s semi-enclosed sea according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (Nordquist & Nandan, 2011). When exercising the rights and obligations of UNCLOS, coastal water or semienclosed sea cooperate with each other. Promote cooperation - peace - friendship between the countries’ East Coast mean to the Commonwealth of China and ASEAN. At present, the East Sea situation’s complicated, promote cooperation, discuss the establishment of cooperative mechanisms are an urgent requirement to maintain peace and stability in the region.