International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications

5102-5107

Authors: Yahaya Yunisa, Zhimwang Jangfa Timothy, Ogherohwo Enoh Pius, Ibrahim Aminu, Shaka Oghenemega Samuel, Frank, Lagbegha-ebi Mercy

This study presents the evaluation of signal strength and quality of a ku-band satellite downlink signals during raining season in Guinea Savanna region of Nigeria. Rain rate data and ku-band signal over Jos were retrieved from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET). Rain rate data was measured using Davis Vantage Vue weather station while microwave signal were obtained using spectrum analyzer. The measured data were analyzed using Microsoft office excel. Rainfall is broadly classified into two types: stratiform (drizzle: ≤5mm/hr and widespread: >5≤25mm/hr) and convection (shower: >25≤50mm/hr and thunderstorm: >50mm/hr). Results were calculated based on ITU-Recommendations P.618-12 and P.838. The results obtained revealed that the effect of rain on signal strength and quality on a ku-band link depend on the rain type and duration of rainfall. The effect of drizzle (≤5mm/hr) on the ku-band link is not significant regardless the duration of rainfall. The results also shows that severe signal losses above 60dB were obtained under shower (>25≤50mm/hr) and thunderstorm (>50mm/hr). Also, widespread (>5≤25mm/hr) that prevailed for a longer period causes severe signal losses. This is to say that lower rain rate of about 25mm/hr that prevailed for a very long time have significant effect on Kuband link. The results of this study will serve as crucial design parameters for communication systems engineers for providing fade margins and developing accurate fade mitigation techniques (FMTs) for the Guinea Savanna region of Nigeria. It was observed from this study that the experimental studies within the Ku-band frequency are getting over exhausted. Therefore, experimental studied in the region of higher band like K and Ka are highly recommended.

5113-5118

Authors: CS Reddy, Krishna Anand S

In this paper we show that queueing theory can accurately model the flow of in-patient in hospital. In which arrival rate, service rate and number of parallel servers are all considered as fuzzy numbers. Further Robust Ranking technique is used to find the expected mean queue length and waiting time in queue. Further numerical illustration is also given to justify the validity of the model. In this model capacity of the system is infinite.

5128-5133

Authors: Rifat-Ibn-Alam, Nyme Ahmed, Syed Nafiul Shefat, Dr. Md Taimur Ahad

Despite, the fact, the observable benefits of the Internet of things (IoT) have been expanded tohealthcare for automation, very few studies have been shed light on the wearable IoT to keep distance from human to human. In the Covid-19 situation, in general, it is advisable to keep a social distance to avoid the possibility of infection. Research from Wearable IoT sensor-based healthcare, IoT provides a pathway how citizens can keep them ata distance as IoT offers a myriad of sensors. Realizing the practical problem, in this research a social distance model is developed using wearable IoT. This proposed technique is easily implementable on wearable devices. Our proposed system is cost-effective, which is expected very suitable for the low-income regions of the world to monitor appropriate social distance.

5143-5151

Authors: Bello A. Buhari, Aliyu Mubarak, Bello A. Bodinga, Muazu D. Sifawa

As Security is becoming more and more useful in the field of computing, users would like to be sure of how secure their files are on a system, as security is one of the most crucial fields in networking and file storage. Dependable file storage and access establish several security issues in a cloud computing. This research designed and implemented virtual secure file storage system on cloud using hybrid cryptography. The cryptography method used for file encryption and decryption is AES and SHA-2 hash function. It is implemented using Cloud APIs with REST calls or client libraries in PHP. The system interfaces were developed using HTML, CSS and JAVASCRIPT. Back end development was done using PHP, MYSQL and GCP Cloud Storage Library then the file encryption and decryption was achieved through PHP classes which includes open_ssl_file_encryption and decryption (AES) and also MCRYPT function. The proposed virtual system is also compared with some latest related works.

5024-5028

Authors: Mohammed Suliman, Bandar Alluhaybi

With the fast growth of the Internet in the world, playing an important part in our daily activities and with different uses being personal or in business. The idea of the internet is based on transferring data between computers. Agent-Based Software Technology (ABST) is one of the most popular technique to exchange messages and perform the task between devices over the network. The Software Agent (SA) become vulnerable to attacks by Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) during the journey in the network. To secure the software agents against MitM attacks we propose a Dummy Agent Model (DAM) by confusing the attacker and making it difficult to differentiate the real agent with dummy agents. Dummy agents selection model is used to select dummy agents from the historical agent database for every real agent making it more difficult to attacker to identify the real agent among dummy agents. The Dummy Agent Model is proposed as a better approach to active attacks such as DoS, Collision and Alternation attacks.

5037-5044

Authors: Isabona Joseph, Odesanya Ituabhor, Jangfa Timothy zhimwang, Risi Ikechi

Having cognizant practical knowledge of the achievable throughput quality that can be attained at the user equipment communication device over deployed mobile broad cellular networks radio interface under different protocol layers has manifold gains for both subscriber and the radio network service operators. The benefits range from root-cause analysis of results, the network status exposure, triggering of performance optimisation, to path and server selection. However, most radio network service operators usually hide this information regarding practical performance status their networks. To tackle this problem, a practical–based measurement assessment and in-depth analysis of cellular network performance status is proposed. To actualize this, firstly, radio frequency eNodeB site survey was conducted to identify accessible field drive test routes and obtained the relevant eNodeB transmitting engineering parameters, Secondly, an in depth radio channel and achievable throughput quality and radio channel has been conducted under PDCP, RLC and PDSCH LTE protocol layers. Thirdly, the impact user communication distance, signal quality and signal coverage levels on the achievable throughput quality is reported across for three different eNodeB transceivers. The results at PDCP, RLC and PDSCH layers indicate that the achievable throughput degrades proportionally with user location transmission distance and radio network signal coverage and signal quality conditions.

5052-5056

Authors: 1 Yekini N.A, 2 Adigun J.O, 3 Okikiola F.M, 4 Hungbo A.A, 5 Ojo O.

Insecurity in Nigeria has shown significant growth thereby showing the flaws in the security system of the nation. This has led to the citizens clamoring for a system that works in tackling the potential and future security threats. The perpetrators of the criminal are majorly the intruders. E-security monitoring and criminal evidence system is a globally recognized and trusted device that has the capability of providing security alternatives in society. This tool is seen as a means of cautioning intruder’s activities which in return leads of less or no crime. This research work explores the influence of e-security intruder monitoring and criminal evidence system on the behavior of individuals and extends the discourse analysis to interpreting insecurity occurrences in our society to investigate and find meanings that construct social reality.

5063-5068

Authors: Moumita Chanda, Sadiya Rahman, M. Mesbahuddin Sarker

In Bangladesh, the era of using internet had begun in 4 June, 1996. People started using an internet for their personal use but the use of an internet on educational purposes is increasing day by day. In Bangladesh, the outbreak of COVID19 had begun middle march of 2020. All over the Bangladesh, the educational institute had stopped since March of 2020. To mobilize the education system, most of the education institute started using internet day by day. Internet was even used, before pandemic in higher education system but not in school, college. But during pandemic, the use of internet has increased a lot in the field of education as well as job sector. In our paper, we tried to show the present state of internet on education. To do this, we made a survey containing 260 people from different universities, medical colleges, schools, colleges and job sectors. In this paper, we tried to convey student’s outlook towards online class. The impacts and challenges which showed in our paper will be a vital suggestions for government, policymakers, technical developers and educational authorities.

5076-5080

Authors: Lomat Haider Chowdhury, Santa Maria Shithil, Mashiwat Tabassum Waishy

Voting is an utmost and legitimate process to reveal a caste’s counsel chiefly for a democratic country. Numerous voting methods have been using from the introduction time. But people nowadays want a safe, secure, and reliable procedure to vote. The more people experience a method, the more reliability they want. There are diverse reasons why electoral voting has supplanted the ballot voting system. An E-voting system is more reliable, less timeconsuming, environment-friendly, and reduces the probability of causing the human error. But no electoral voting is out of error and conflict. In this paper, we introduce a process that will help people find their propitiation and will not hamper the voter’s confidentiality and privacy. We propose a system where each voter will have an account. The voters will log in to the system using their user id and password. The system will send a One-Time Password (OTP) to the voter’s registered mobile number for more security. Voters will then select their desired candidate using their account before going to the voting booth. After choosing a candidate, voting power for that particular voter will be closed. But the candidate will not receive the vote until the voter appears in a voting booth and assert his authenticity by providing his biometric identity. The main objective of this method is to provide a neutral election where voters do not face any outer influences which may thwart their right to express their counsel. We are also concerned about the people who are not friendly to technologies and cannot select their candidates online. They can directly choose their desired candidate with the help of a polling agent after arriving at the voting booth.

5089-5094

Authors: Dr. Vijay Arputharaj, Mr. Mahmud El Yakub, Mr. Saheed Tunde, Mr. M. Ponsuresh

This commentary paper gives a summary of threats in intimate relationships, which are a type of privacy threats which can result inside families, romantic relationships, friendships, and other close relationships. A lot of popular assumptions about privacy are dispatched in these types of relationships. In fact, plenty of other effective measures tend to fail when applied to these intimate threats. We look into a wide range of intimate relationships and define common features. Therefore, based on these features, we then expand on the ramifications for technical privacy design and policy. Then finally suggest a design recommendation. There are two main security issues in intimate relationships, privacy & authentication related issues. Such privacy issues have been noticed in online learning training in post covid era. A great amount of users in intimate relationships are encountering problems in usability. Most of the issues are due to authentication procedures, sharing passwords, etc.

4955-4961

Authors: Hebron Hailu Wodajo 1, K S Ananda Kumar 2*, Girmay Tekle Kidane 3, Sisay Muleta Hababa 4

With the advancement of technology in communication and electronic components, cheap and tiny microprocessors that are used to create wireless networks are becoming more readily available. The primary goal of this work is to compare the performance of various routing protocols chosen from wireless sensor networks (WSN) based on network lifetime. To do this, three well-known energy saving hierarchical routing protocols called Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) and Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol (TEEN) were selected for the study. Because these network protocols rely on hierarchical structures to function and save energy, they are fascinating to investigate. In this research, four-performance metrics considered namely number of nodes in alive, average energy dissipated, operating nodes per round and network lifetime. As a result, the researcher conducted a general analysis of the protocols in terms of performance metrics. The findings of the study show that among the three routing protocols, PEGASIS has longer network lifetime and lesser power consumption while LEACH has the least network lifetime and the highest power consumption. On the other hand, TEEN has been figured out that it has medium performance in terms of both power consumption and network lifetime. This shows that LEACH is ideal for small networks and can be preferable during critical times. Whereas, PEGASIS is ideal for large networks as it has efficient power consumption which results in longer network lifetime.

4971-4978

Authors: Mr. Saheed Tunde Zubair, Dr. Vijay Arputharaj, Dr. Ashok Kumar, Ms.Pushpa Rega Ganesan

High demands of wireless data service are increase globally and this makes Empirical path loss models of great interest. Path= loss= Propagation= models= are= useful= as= predictive= tools= for= receiving= signal= intensity=at= any= particular= distance= between= the= transmitter= and= the= receiver= at= that= particular= point,= it=is= important= in= many= ways,= such= as= Base= Transceiver= Stations= (BTS)= location,= radio= coverage= area= estimation,= frequency= assignments,= interference= analysis,= optimization= transfer,= power=adjustment= and= connection= budget. This paper presents an assessments and evaluation of five widely used empirical path loss models in predicting signal in the VHF and UHF bands in Kano City, Nigeria. In the work, five error analysis methods are used and a large scale field strength measurement was conducted within Kano State metropolis using specially configured dual band handset, GPS and GENEX® Probe software, data samples were collected along a predefined route Measurement= of= the= drive= test= was= carried= out= in= Kano, Nigeria= to= obtain= path= loss= data= from= various= base= station= transmitters= at= varying= distances. The routes covered are Zaria highway through eastern bypass road Dan Agundi to Bayero University, Kano old site, Hotoro GRA, Badawa Layout to SabonGari along MM way and Kabuga to Bayero University New site.It was found that HATA model provides the best results in terms of minimum mean Error, RMSE and SCRMSE. HATA model has the best fit which falls within the acceptable range of ±10dB.

4983-4987

Authors: Prabhat Kumar Sahu, Dr. Rajendra Gupta

The web mining is a broad research area emerging to solve the issues that arise due to the WWW phenomenon. The Web mining research is a converging research area from several research communities, such as Databases, Information Retrieval and Artificial Intelligence. This work overview the most important issue of Web mining, namely sequential traversal patterns mining. In this paper, calculation of Weight and Support of every page is checked to know the importance of the web page and applied the Frequent Sequential Traversal Pattern Mining with Self Organizing Map (FSTSOM) algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm shows that the complete set of patterns runs considerably faster as compared to WAP Tree and FS-Tree algorithms.

4993-5000

Authors: 1* Oloyede A.O., 1 Yekini N.A., 2* Akinwole A.K., 2 Ojo O

In today’s modern world, most businesses, regardless of size believes that access to the internet is essential to compete effectively in the industry. Yet, connecting a personal or corporate computers to the internet could expose personal or confidential data to malicious attack from anywhere since unprotected connections to the internet makes computer users vulnerable to attacker, hacker, virus, and other internet threats. Therefore, firewall is introduced to provide high degree of protection to the network and network users. This work is concerned with the design and implementation with firewall approach to network security as a means of protecting both individual and corporate network from hostile intrusion coming through internet connectivity. Conclusively, this system proposed is built based on the packet filtering mechanism to control or filter all the packets coming in and leaving the protected site using IP address, and port number of the TCP/IP packet. It was discovered that firewall approach is more robust as it combined capability of other methods like packet filtering, port scanning etc.

5007-5015

Authors: Koffka Khan, Leah Joseph, Emilie Ramsahai

A lot of research has been done in the area of TCP long-lived (TLL) and short-lived flows and well as UDP but there is limited research done on how they can affect adaptive video streaming at a single household bottleneck router. The goal of Adaptive streaming is to deliver videos to the user in the most efficient way possible and in the best quality possible. Several factors can affect the quality of videos including internet connection and other applications using the same router. It is important to note which applications can negatively affect streaming and cause issues such as poor-quality videos and buffering. This paper investigates the impact that various applications that use TCP long-lived flows have on streaming and its effect is compared to applications that use UDP flows. The aim is to determine which type of flow affects adaptive streaming the most. This investigation is carried out with the use of the TAPAS (a Tool for rApid Prototyping of Adaptive Streaming) player. Live experiments were conducted at a household bottleneck link with a client player, a TCP or UDP application. We show that UDP flows disrupt adaptive video streaming to a greater extent when compared to TCP TLL flows.

4884-4890

Authors: Hamdy.H El-Sayed, E.A. Zanaty, Samy S. Bakeet, Elham M.Abd-Elgaber

In recent years, researchers have focused on wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Because there are a lot of applicationswe used. The wireless sensor network consists of many small sensor nodes that contain a small and self-charged battery. Sometimes it is possible to change the power source of the node battery but sometimes it is impossible to do so, and this varies depending on the nature of the network environment so, the wireless sensor network may be destroyed over time. This makes the process of increasing the lifetime of the wireless sensor network a major challenge for researchers. There are a lot of WSN protocols to improve the lifetime of WSN, one of these protocols and some of its modified versions. In this paper, LEACH is used to investigatewireless sensor networks (WSN) byevaluating LEACH, LEACH-C, LEACH-B (balanced leech), MOD-LEACH, I-LEACH, and Multi-hop LEACH. Moreover, The LEACH, LEACH-C, LEACH-B (balanced leech), MOD-LEACH, I-LEACH, and Multi-hop LEACH are implemented by MATLAB to achieve simulation results. The performance evaluation is shown in more charts to prove the performance of these protocols.

4896-4914

Authors: Lakshita Agarwal, Chetan Singh Negi, Jalaj Sharma, Sunita Jalal

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a technology that is emerging in today’s world and it is mainly used for changing the state of the network by breaking the older version of it and by separating the network’s control layer from the layer of the routers and switches. It also introduces the ability to program any network in any given situation and it is also promoting the logical centralization of the network control. SDN makes it easy to introduce and create new inventions in a networking system, simplifies the network management and makes net- work evolution easier. In SDN, the control plane and the data plane can be separated with the help of a well-defined programming interface between the SDN controllers and the switches. The Controller Placement Problem (CPP) is one of the most important tasks that have to be done in the Software Defined Networks. CPP affects all the desired aspects of a decoupled control plane, for example the option of state distribution, the fault tolerance capacity and also the performance metrics of a network. In latest researches, we will study about the introduction of a novel method named Garter Snake Optimization Capacitated Controller Placement Problem (GSOCCPP) to obtain the near-optimal minimal propagation delays in the Capacitated Controller Placement Problems.

4919-4924

Authors: U. Chaitanya, Hansika Garapati, S.Priyanka Raj

The advent of modern human computer interfaces has seen a considerable progress in Hands-free Human Computer Interaction (HCI) solutions. This project focuses on developing a methodology to facilitate computer cursor control for people with physical disabilities such as Quadriplegics and amputees. The proposed methodology takes real-time video input from the user using OpenCV and performs face recognition. The 68-point landmark algorithm is used to locate the various facial features which can be used for cursor control. Opening/closing the mouth based on Mouth Aspect Ratio (MAR) indicates activation/deactivation of the cursor control. The nose tip is used for controlling and moving the cursor in all 4 directions by moving the head left, right, up and down. Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) is used to detect eyes and eye flickering. Left and right eye blinks indicate left and right clicks respectively. Squinted eyes indicate scrolling of pages, which is beneficial while working with PDFs and other such documents. The proposed system requires very basic requirements like webcam and a few Python libraries such as OpenCV, Numpy, imutils, dlib and PyAutoGUI. Thus it would help the physically disabled users to efficiently use the computer, thus eliminating the need of a physical mouse interaction.

4931-4938

Authors: Md. Faruk Abdullah Al Sohan, Afroza Nahar, Md Sajid Bin-Faisal

Wireless Network consists of several sensors and data communication among them in a cluster basis. This report focusses on the comparison and description of several Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) routing protocol with the reason of their energy efficient routing activity. In wireless network implemented with sensors, it is required to develop an energy efficient routing protocol for making the lifetime of the network longer. The comparison of these protocols with the base LEACH and then identifying the advantage and some issues regarding energy efficiency is the core concern of this work. After comparison and description of the LEACH protocols, a new approach is proposed along with the workflow of its routing activity and cluster head formation to make a more energy efficient LEACH approach in the future days.

4816-4820

Authors: ZHANG Han-wen, HU Ying*, ZOU Yong-jia, WU Cheng-yu

Sign language as the main communication channel for deaf and hearing people, plays a very important role in daily life. With the rapid development of the field of deep learning, the field of sign language recognition has ushered in new opportunities. Aiming at the small number of sign language samples and low detection accuracy, an American sign language detection method based on Resnet-18 and data augmentation is proposed. First, the sign language picture is adjusted to 64×64 size using the filling method, and then the data is augmented by methods such as chromaticity change, rotation, and noise addition to increase the diversity of data samples and improve the robustness of the detection method. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the sign language recognition method based on Resnet-18 can reach 99%, which provides a new method for sign language recognition.

4827-4832

Authors: Naglaa Saeed Shehata*, Mona Nasr, Laila El Fangary, Laila Abd EL hamid

The world's third most serious and lethal cancer rankings are colon cancer. Like cancer, the most important stage of early diagnosis is. Deep learning has become a leading learning tool for object detection and its successes in advancing the analysis of medical images have attracted attention. Convolutionary neural networks (CNNs), which play an indispensable role in the detection and potential early diagnose of colon cancer, are the most popular method of deep learning algorithms for this purpose. In this article we hope to take a look at the progress of colonic cancer analysis by studying profound learning practices. This study provides an overview of popular profound study algorithms used in analysis of colon cancer. All studies in the fields of colon cancer, including detection, classification as well as segmentation and survival prediction, will then be collected. Finally, we will conclude the work by summarizing the latest deep learning practices in analysis of colon cancer, a critical examination of the challenges and proposals for future research.

4839-4844

Authors: Dr. S. R. SURESH

In earlier days, the customer retrieved library materialized structured information are difficult due to enormous database acted in particular location. This paper deals the privacy and security concern includes threats, attacks, data integrity, data leakage, data availability, loss of control, vulnerability and flaws during distribution of services, resources and information. This technique verifies customer verification and validation between cloud clients and cloud providers. Storing the library information system in digital manner is essential through cloud technologies. As an outcome, library consumers can access resources from outside of physical library using cloud methods. This proposed method enforces the use control and access log technique to reduce the data leakage, improve the efficiency and user privacy of the confidential information. It evaluates the several challenges and issues of cloud such as user authentication, data availability, data confidentiality in a cloud environment. This paper depicted the various investigation reports and reviews of various researchers on electronic digital information based library and its resources by cloud methods and storages. This system provides a scheme of a cloud storages functional construction for building knowledge based digital library. Client’s confidential data are stored in global data center storage and numerous local data centers through redundant array of independent disk method in this cloud environment that leads to recovery from the user control and data leakage. This new innovative flexible system delivers the combination of methods like multi-level security with data availability on dissimilar storages, encryption and decryption technique with customer verification and validation method. The electronic digital library resources and services create novel development in scheme of multiple storages with respect to information access and distribution of confidential data in cloud. The multiple cloud storage architecture for digital electronic library offers data handling, speedy transmission of information and linking of communication among library patrons and cloud providers. It will endorse the maturity level from official level members to higher administrate that meet user request and identify the defensible development of knowledge based digital library system. This capable digital library system maintains the cloud computing environment with better performance evaluation. This functional structure progressively established electronic digital library knowledge management by means of user participation. This digital library using multiple cloud storage implementations creates well organized data integration, reduced cost, accessible any-where at any time of services and resources, scalability, elasticity and portability. Furthermore, cloud security and privacy enquiries know the ability of the adaptable digital library system using cloud computing techniques and extent abundant effectiveness with protected cloud environment.

4855-4860

Authors: Ms. Manpreet Kaur, Dr. Sarpreet Singh

Cloud Computing is proving as an emerging research area in the arena of information technology (IT). The three main services offered by the cloud are IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS. Internet-based technology that emphasizes its use and follows a lead model. The most serious problem in computer computing balances the load across the network. This is how, the heavy load is evenly distributed over the network areas so that no single node is overcrowded. The main purpose of neutralizing the load is to make better use of resources that improve system efficiency and reduce resource utilization that reduces carbon emissions. The content of the paper emphasizes mainly the idea of several load balancing methods used in cloud computing. This paper contributes to the analysis of the problems of the existing loading algorithm and provides comparisons between these algorithms on the basis of various quality metrics such as reliability, performance, energy-saving feature, rating, and more.