Centro Agrícola

5-12

Authors: Josiel Rodríguez Cabrera, Andy W Cortiza Mora, Carlos A Pereira Marín, Ahmed Chacón Iznaga, Sirley Gattorno Muñoz, Oralia Rodríguez López, Alianny Rodríguez Urrutia, Rafael Jiménez Carrazana, Pedro Nemesio Torres Artiles

Soil samples were collected and analyzed using the VIS/NIR spec troscopy technique to determine the organic matter content of a Cambisol at the “Alvaro Barba M achado” agricultural experimental station, located on the campus of the University “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas. Traditional chemical analysis methods were applied, and a portable spectrophotometer was used in the visible (379-780 nm) and near infrared (780-1702 nm) ranges. Both datasets obtained were correlated by usin g multivariate statistical analysis techniques. The chemical analysis results showed there was a low percentage of organic matter content in the sampled soil. Spectral analysis showed a peak in the soil spectra around 1350 - 1430 nm range, due to the presence of water particles and other components. The mathematical model obtained describes the organic matter percentage from the linear combination of the reflectance percentage for each wavelength, where dependence was significant by 88 %.

19-24

Authors: Licet Chávez Suárez, Alexander Álvarez Fonseca, Ramiro Ramírez Fernández, Sucel Infante Fonseca, Luis Licea Castro, Blanca García Rodríguez, Aida García Alcánta ra y Milvia Fonseca Arias.

This research was done at Jorge Dimitrov Agricultural Research Institute in November 2011. The objective was to study the effect of salinity on the relative water content (RWC) and the concentration of pigments in plants of three varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): HOL-17 HOL-35 HOL-74, using a saline soil (CE 5.2 dS.m-1) and a non-saline soil as control. The Relative Water Content (RWC) was determined by the method described by Yamasaki and Rebello and the concentrat ion of pigment by the methodology of Lichtenthaler and Wellburn. The results indicated a significant decrease in the RWC in the saline treatment, in the three studied varieties compared to the untreated (the control) variety. The content of chlorophyll b was affected in the three varieties under saline conditions, while HOL-17 and HOL-74 varieties exhibited a significant increase in the concentration of carotenoids, which suggests a protective mechanism of chlorophyll photooxidation induced by salt stress.

35-39

Authors: Yaquelin Puchades , María La O , Omelio Carvajal , Joaquín Montalván , José Rodríguez , José Mesa , Eida Rodríguez

Sugarcane mosaic disease is amongst the world’s most important diseases affecting sugarcane worldwide. The objective was to assess the environmental conditions of the sites where the test for SCMV resistance is done. Multi-environment trial Data were analyzed using a Principal Components Analysis Eighteen sugarcane genotypes s were evaluated from the main testing sites in Cuba (Jovellanos, Florida, Mayarí ). The information of the climatic conditions was recorded at local weather stations. The assessment of the sites was done by analyzing the main components. Results showed that the testing sites were different from one another, and proved that the environment strongly influences on the mosa ic symptom manifestation. PCA was an excellent procedure to assess the testing sites for SCMV resist ance

49-53

Authors: Karina Carrera-Sánchez, Hugo Mosquera, Luis Manosalvas, Michel Leiva-Mora

Local development at indigenous communities from Ecuadorian Amazonía, may develop their potentialities and improve families’ incomes. In sector San José, cantón Mera, province Pastaza (Ecuador), the induction of square shape in G. angustifolia stems was studied using an adjustable metallic mold during three time intervals (15, 30 and 45 days). Square shape in stems of G. angustifolia was observed once metallic mold was used in shoots proliferation stage with 50 cm of height. It was obtained a 60.93 % of perimeter of stem with plane surface and six induced nodes. Metallic molds affected in approximately 55% the elongation of induced nodes, limiting stems normal length. By means of the induction of square shape in stems of G. angustifolia, members from farmer’s communities may develop agricultural production and commercialization to generate micro-enterprising and improve their life quality.

61-68

Authors: Ana Boudet Antomarchi, Tony Boicet Fabre, Radame Oduardo Castillo

A field experiment was done from January through March 2013 in areas of the Estación Territorial de Investigaciones de Granos ‘Jucarito’, in the municipality of Rio Cauto in Granma. The objective was to determine the effect of soil drought condition on the yield and yield components of six varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. The variety were evaluatted in two conditions of humidity: irrigation in all vegetative growth and three establishment period irrigation and irrigation withholding at the beginning of flowering phases till the end of vegetative growth (Terminal drought). A split plot design in randomized blocks was used with 3 replications under 2 irrigation treatments and 6 subtreatments corresponding to the varieties used. Several indicators were evaluated: average number of grains per pods, average weight of the grains per plants, weight of 100 grains, average number of grains per plant, average number of pods per plants, average of width and length of pods and the yield. The data were analyzed using the Statistica version 8.0 to perform analysis of variance (ANOVA), and where the indicators used showed significant differences, a Tukey’s multiple comparison tests was applied to p < 0.05 . The results showed that yield and yield components significantly decreased in soils under drought stress conditions, associated with the production of grain and pods in the six varieties of common beans.

75-81

Authors: Ruth Irene Arias Gutiérrez, R. González Sousa, Angelina Herrera Sorzano, Reinaldo Demesio Alemán Pérez

A social and economical diagnosis was made in the Amazonian Kichwa region (Napo and Pastaza Provinces) for the ellaboration of a sustainable development strategy. Six communities from Anzu river valley, on the eastern slopes of the central Andes in Ecuador, were studied. The quantitative methodology consisted in surveying the residents, managers of the six communities and the heads of 64 households, scattered around five rural parishes. The measured social and economic indicators were annual dependence on local forest and cultivated resources in percentage; the indicators of education, health services and housing conditions for a proposed strategy in order to enhance a sustainable local rural development in the Ecuadorian Amazonian indigenous communities under study. Qualitative and quantitative methods were appropriately used. There are high rates of illiteracy in the communities. Kichwa families depend on local resources. The difference between the satisfaction degree of mestizo and Kichwa families is related to its population weight. There are high illiteracy rates in Boayaku, Union de Llandia and 24 de Mayo. Primary education is low in the communities, and secondary education is very low in all communities. A proposed strategy for sustainable agro-ecological community development is made.

91-93

Authors: Jorge Luis Ayala Sifontes y Yusuany Pérez González

Short communication on: First report of Green prodenia, Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in Cuban net house systems