Turkish Journal of Forestry

195 - 200

Authors: Ozan GÜNEŞ, Bülent YAŞAR

This study was conducted in 2017-2019 in Aydın province in order to detect armored scale insects that are harmful in park and ornamental plants. As a result of the determinations, 9 species belonging to the Diaspididae family were identified. These species are; Aonidia lauri (Bouche), Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus), Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock), Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus), Leucaspis pini (Hartig), Parlatoria oleae (Colvée), Pseudalaucaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti), Unaspis euonymi (Comstock). In this study, Ceratonia siliqua with Comstockaspis perniciosa, and Viola sp. with Lepidosaphes ulmi found on them are new record hosts in the world. Also in Aydın province, Populus sp. with Chionaspis salicis and in Turkey, Aonidiella aurantii, were detected for the first time on which Hedera helix.

215 - 223

Authors: Halim ŞAHİN, Yasin KARATEPE

The present study aimed to show how the vegetation structure in the southern part of the Gelibolu (Gallipoli) Peninsula (south of the Eceabat-Kabatepe Highway) is formed according to the site characteristics. For this purpose, 100 sample areas each with a size of 400 m2 were taken. Proportions of the trees, bushes and perennial plants in the sample areas were assessed according to the Braun-Blanquet method. In order to determine the general soil characteristics of the study area, topsoil samples were taken at 0–30 cm depth level from 51 sample areas and the bedrock type was determined. Analyses were made on the soil samples for soil reaction (pH), lime, organic carbon, total nitrogen and texture. Additionally, coordinate, elevation, aspect and slope determinations were made in each sample area. For assessments,in consideration of geographical characteristics and especially topographic structure, the study field was divided into 6 different districts, and the vegetation structure was examined at these 6 districts. As a result of study, 61 different plant species were determined, and it was found that especially topographic structure and aspect were very influential on the distribution of these species. The influence of aspect can be explained by the effects of insolation and prevailing wind on field moisture. The study also determined that individuals of the species in wind-exposed areas and especially in areas close to seashore were often shorter and deformed compared to those in areas sheltered from wind. This can be explained by the fact that where the Mediterranean climate is dominant, plants reduce their above-ground parts for avoiding exposure to physiological drought because strong winds trigger transpiration.

231 - 242

Authors: Nilufer YAZICI, Nergiz KOÇER

Water is one of the basic elements of human sustainability in the world. Throughout history, people have lived their lives with water and wanted to realize their settlements around water resources. Man owes his existence to water. Water resources are important not only for human beings, but also for the survival of all living beings and the habitable environment on Earth. Problems in water resources, which are vital for all living things, often arise when water resources are exposed to environmental influences. Today, water sources polluted and decreased due to negative effects from both natural and artificial environment are in a higher priority than ever. In this study, a survey was conducted with a total of 400 people on a face-to-face basis to determine the water consumption attitudes and behaviors of people living in Kırklareli province. With this 31-question questionnaire; their gender, age, educational background, occupation, how many years they have lived in this province, their monthly income status, their preferences in drinking water use, their water consumption behaviors and their use of water. As a result, it was concluded that individual approach, awareness, satisfaction and expectations directly affect water consumption.

254 - 259

Authors: Hasan DEMİRCİ, Emel ORDU

Turkey has a great number of karstic caves which are unexplored and have unknown microbial diversity. The biodiversity characterisation of these caves has not yet been systematically studied from the molecular point of view. Çal Cave in Trabzon, Turkey is one of the important karstic caves. In the present study, a metagenomic approach was used to explore the microbial diversity of Çal Cave for the first time to assess the potential of gene sources. Detailed taxonomic profiling was defined by sequencing all environmental genomes instead of a specific marker gene such as 16S rRNA which only targets prokaryotes. Taxonomic analysis revealed that the Çal Cave soil sample was represented as 98% Bacteria, 2% Eukaryota, 0.3% Archaea, and 0.01% Virus. Results showed that, the 31 distinct bacterial phyla represented in the Çal Cave soil sample were dominated by Actinobacteria (65%) and Proteobacteria (31%). The most dominant bacterial genus was Streptomyces. Among the 2% Eukaryotic population, the largest phylum was Ascomycota and it was mostly represented as Sordariomycetes. It was determined that 77% of Archaea was Halobacteria. The most abundant class of viruses dwelling in Çal Cave was Caudovirales. 91.61% of total readings could not be classified into any specific kingdom. Overall, classified and unclassified data verify that there exists vast microbial biodiversity in Çal Cave which could not be identified with classical microbiology techniques, and this microbial diversity provides a promising gene source for novel enzyme and bioactive compounds to be used in biotechnological applications.

267 - 278

Authors: Murat ÖZEN, Hasan ALKAN

In this study, it is aimed to determine the satisfaction levels of customers who purchase products from Isparta Regional Directorate of Forestry. The research data were collected with the help of documentation analysis, observation, interview and questionnaire. The survey studies were carried out with 59 companies that purchased a significant part of the products produced by the regional directorate. The data obtained was evaluated according to the Expectancy Disconfirmation Model. According to the research findings, the top three issues that the customers are most satisfied with are; The physical suitability of sales venues, the suitability of tender times and the kindness of salespeople. The first three dissatisfied issues are; The problem of standardization in stacks in warehouses, the high loading unit costs in the warehouses and the products offered for sale are not as neat as desired.

294 - 303

Authors: Aşkın BOZKURT, İ̇smet DAŞDEMİR, Kısmet Kubra KALKAN BALCI

The majority of the number of employees in terms of poplar wood processing industry enterprises in Turkey are micro and small-scale enterprises. They generally operates in a atelier style. The satisfaction of the poplar wood industry business employees by the work done by the company is of great importance in terms of the continuity of both poplar wood using industry and poplar culture. This study aims to determine the main factors affecting job satisfaction of enterprises employees processing poplar wood in the Sakarya, Samsun and Bursa provinces, to control the difference of job satisfaction according to some features (age, gender, marital status, education, position, total service time), to reveal the relationships between some features of enterprises employees and job satisfaction levels and to reach the findings to increase the levels of job satisfaction. Thus, contributions will be made to increase the productivity of labor, to increase the productivity, profitability and performance levels of the enterprises, to the continuation of the poplar industry and the poplar that provides raw materials to this industry, to the efficient and productive use of resources, to increase employment and thus to ensure sustainable development. The research data were obtained from a survey conducted in the Sakarya, Samsun and Bursa provinces in Turkey. In the first part of this questionnaire, there are some questions created to determine the features of the employees such as age, gender, marital status, educational status, position and total service period. In the second part, there are 25 questions Job Satisfaction Scale prepared according to the 5 point Likert scale in order to determine the job satisfaction of the employees. The questionnaire forms were applied to 475 enterprises employees randomly selected in 2017-2018 via face-to-face interview method. Factor Analysis, Kruskal-Wallis H-Test, Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to evaluate the data. As a result of analysis; the most important factors affecting the job satisfaction of the employees were put forward as (1) Wage, promotion, working conditions and intention to pursue existing work, (2) Executive approach, individual autonomy, success and appreciation. Additionally, it was determined that the total job satisfaction of the employees varies according to age, education, position, total service time. As a result of the study, some suggestions were made to increase the job satisfaction of the employees working in poplar wood in the Sakarya, Samsun and Bursa provinces.

318 - 323

Authors: Ahmet Ali VAR, Mehmet DEMİR

The effects of hot-cold bio-oil treatment on properties of wood material from pine species are not known. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of hot-cold bio-oil treatment on oil uptake, density and moisture content properties of Brutia pine wood. This study used castor oil (Ricinus communis L.), flaxseed oil (Oleum linii), mixtured oil (castor oil + flaxseed oil) and Brutian pine sapwood (Pinus brutia Ten.). The wood samples were treated with hot oil (110 ºC ± 2 ºC) for 6 hours before cold oil (23 ºC ± 2 ºC) for 2 hours. Then, the oil uptake, density and moisture content of treated and untreated wood samples were measured. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program (p0.05). The results showed that hot-cold bio-oil treatment had a significant effect on oil uptake, density and moisture content of Brutia pine wood; and there were significant differences among these effects at 95% confidence level. Such treatment increased the treated wood density between 40.38% - 78.85% compared to untreated wood, while it reduced the moisture content between 93.44% - 96.72%. It was measured the highest density in linseed oil treatment, and the lowest density in castor oil treatment. Flaxseed oil treatment gave the lowest moisture content, while the highest moisture content was measured in mixed oil treatment. Mixed oil treatment increased the moisture content compared to others; increased the density compared to castor oil; reduced compared to flaxseed oil. Accordingly, the moisture diffusion may have been prevented. Because the porosity and penetration in Brutia wood have been limited with reduced the moisture content and increased the density.

332 - 343

Authors: Ayşe Esra HAKVERDİ

Forests have been one of the most important sources for humanity throughout history. Sustainable management of this vital resource and moving it into the future is one of the most important issues today. In this study, the Criteria and Indicator set in the 2008 Sustainable Forest Management report prepared by the General Directorate of Forestry was compared with the 2018 National Sustainable Forest Management Criterion and Indicator set. As a result, it is seen that new indicators were added to the 2018 Criteria and Indicator set, some indicators used in the first starter set and the 2008 report were included in the sub-indicators category (additional indicator that facilitates the interpretation of the data on the main indicators and access to the main cause) in the 2018 set and the scope of the new set was extended. In the first set, it is seen that the General Directorate of Forestry included the indicators that it excluded from monitoring due to the fact that it did not fall within its scope, and that the scope was expanded by adding indicators such as monitoring the effects of global climate change, carbon stock, dead wood and certified forest.