Turkish Journal of Forestry

94-101

Authors: Serdar CARUS, Yılmaz ÇATAL

In this study, diameter- height (d-h) models for afforestation Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stands in Ağlasun region were developed using the breast height diameter and tree height. The brutian pine stand is about 600 ha and was planted in 1975. This study, a total of 20 models, the data used were obtained from 52 sample plots were tested. The available data for the species were split into two sets: the majority (%80) was used to estimate model parameters, and the remaining data (%20) were reserved to validate the models. The performance of the two (n=7), three (n=10) or four parameter models (n=3) was compared and evaluated with six model performance criteria. According to the model performance criteria, the best results were obtained with Korf, Sibbesen and Meyer models, respectively. The similar results were obtained using independent dataset. As a result, regional diameter- height models were created for Calabrian pine.

110-118

Authors: Ramazan Özçelik, Ahmet Sarıtaş, Manuel Arias-Rodil

Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.) is one of the most important tree species in Turkey. Therefore, the information is necessary about growth and yield of the species for developing future management and planning strategies. The one of the essential building blocks in forest growth and yield prediction models is the equations for estimating individual tree volume. One of the most accurate and reliable approaches for estimating stem total volume and merchantable volume is the use of taper models. In this study, a taper model was developed by using nonlinear mixed effects modeling approach (NLME) using data from 170 trees felled in oriental spruce stands from Ardahan-Posof Region. An NLME approach accounted for within-and between tree variations in stem form. In the first stage, all possible combinations of expansion with random effects in one and two model parameters were tested, selecting then the best one. The inclusion of random effects was not enough to account for the existing autocorrelation between the residuals and then the variance-covariance matrix of the error term was modelled through a first order autocorrelation structure AR (1). In a second step, we evaluated the response obtained by calibration (which implies estimation of random effects for a new tree) based on upper-stem diameter measurements at different points. The selected mixed-effects model produced the best results both in fitting and calibration process. It was found that an upper-stem diameter measurement at 40-80% of total height was best suited for calibrating tree-specific predictions. As a result, model calibration should be considered an essential criterion in mixed model selection.

125-132

Authors: Selma YAŞAR KORKANÇ, Şeyda ÇİMEN, Fatma AKLAN, Ruhsar ARABACIOĞLU, Hakan KÖPRÜLÜ

Preventing soil degradation and soil rehabilitation is very significant issue in terms of soil and land management. In this study the effects of pumice, bituminous shale and organic material (poplar tree leaves) addition to different treatments (1. dose 10% and 2. dose 20%) on some degraded grassland soil physical and chemical properties was examined. Incubation period of the soil was three months. The experiment was performed with three replication. Moisture contents in pots were kept around field capacity with adding distilled water after weighing the pots in every 3 days. 12 topsoil samples (0-15 cm depth) was taken by using grid sampling method from a degraded grassland which is located in the South of Akkaya Dam in Nigde Province. Soil samples were sieved 2 mm and 10% pumice (P1), bituminous shale (BS1), organic material (OM1), 10 % pumice+bituminous shale (P+BS)1, pumice+organic material (P+OM)1, bitüminous shale+organic material (BS+OM)1, bituminous shale+pumice+organic material (BS+P+OM)1 and 20 % pumice (P2), bituminous shale (BS2) , organic material (OM2) were added to the each soil pot according to dry weight basis. Study results showed that soil additives was effected some soil properties. Aggregate stability increased 65 % in (BS+P+OM)1 treatment. The highest water holding capacity increasing was observed in (P+OM)1 treatment (69 %) compared to control pot. Total porosity increased highly in OM2 treatment pot. Soil bulk density decreased in (P+OM)1, (BS+P+OM)1, P2, BS2 and OM2 treatments pots compared to control. Soil organic matter increased in OM2 (39 %) and (BS+OM)1 (25 %) compared to control pot.

140-148

Authors: Gökçe GENÇAY, Kübra KARAL

Crimes such as neglect of duty and misconduct are actions committed by public officer or civil servant ending up with public nuisance and also are actions defined as criminal acts in the law. According to laws of the Republic of Turkey, forest engineers working in the state forest administrations are qualified as public officer and also have all rights, duties, responsibilities and authority granted to public officers. In this study it was aimed to examine the case studies as the defendant of crimes of official misconduct and neglect of duty of the forest engineers who served as public officers. For this purpose, cases in which the forest engineers subject to neglect of duty and misconduct while they are in charge of state forest administrations have been selected among the hundreds of high court decisions. 110 examples of the Supreme Court decisions obtained from the Electronic Law Database were grouped according to their subjects and then analyzed in detail. As a result of the assessment; the majority of cases related to neglect of duty of the forest engineers aroused from not to take a minutes down for forest crimes. However, crimes related to misconduct aroused from their willingness to undeserved individual gains from defendants or other persons by use of their positions and authorities. To reduce or even eliminate such incident cases, it is necessary that officers must know the rights, authorities, duties and responsibilities given to them, and that they do not meddle in actions that constitute the resultant crime.

155-159

Authors: Zehra ODABAŞ SERİN, Nisa ATEŞ, Arif CAVUNT

The leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) are used very common in the medicine. However, after the usage of leaves, stalks are useless. In this study, utilization of rosemary stalks in pulp and paper industry is analyzed. For this purpose, chemical and morphological properties were determined. Also, some derived values (slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, rigidity coefficient, mühlsteph ratio and F ratio) were found from the fiber properties (fiber length, fiber diameter, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter). Results were compared with other lignocellulosic materials. The stalks composed of 63.6% holocellulose, 36.4% α-cellulose, 26.9% lignin and 1.9% ash. Solubility values were 4.8%, 10.4%, 7.9% and 22.8% as for toluene-alcohol-acetone mixture, hot water, cold water and 1% NaOH, respectively. Fiber length, fiber diameter, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter were found 0.36 mm, 12.84 µm, 4.31 µm and 4.22 µm, respectively. The slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, rigidity coefficient, mühlsteph ratio and F ratio were determined in the order of 27.7, 32.87, 33.57, 2.04, 89.20 and 82.72%. According to these results the stalks of rosemary showed similarities with hardwood species with respect to holocellulose, α- cellulose and lignin. However derived values indicated that the stalks of rosemary is not suitable for pulp and paper production.