Turkish Journal of Forestry

1-10

Authors: Celal Taşdemir, Abdulkadir Yıldızbakan, F.Can Acar, Osman Polat

In the framework of the research project called “The Adaptation and Promotion of Some Paulownia Species” to the Conditions of Turkey; survival and growth of some species and provenances of Paulownia established in 1999 in Adana Ceyhan Forest Nursery were determined at the end of 2011. A total of 19 provenances of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud, P. elongata S.Y.H and P. fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl species, and fortunei x tomentosa hybrid were used in the experiment. According to the results; in terms of survival rates, a significant difference among provenances was determined and the survival rate (90%) of P. fortunei Guangxi- Guilin provenance was more than that of others. However, diameter and basal area per hectare, significant differences among provenances were statistically found in height. P.fortunei Guangxi- Guilin provenance had the highest height (13.29 m) and P. fortunei Hubei-Hunan ve P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin provenances had the largest diameter (25.95 and 25.04 cm, respectively) and basal area per hectare (34.01 and 31.12 m2/ha, respectively). As for the form of stem; there was a statistically significant difference among provenances in terms of "very smooth stem" form, while there was no significant difference among provenances in terms of "twisted and very twisted stem" form. P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin provenance had the highest rate (85%) of “very smooth stem" form. Although a significant difference among provenances was not found in point of the "twisted" and "very twisted stem" forms, P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin provenance had the lowest rate in the both stem forms (15.00 and 0.00 % ,respectively). In this context, P. fortunei-Guilin Guangxi provenance was seen to take place in the first order with a high percentage. In terms of crown form, in all three crown form (the perpendicular (not curved), curved and very curved crown), no difference was statistically found among provenances. P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin had the highest rate (25.00 and 71.67 %, respectively) with regards of the perpendicular and curved crown. In this respect, P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin provenance can generally be said to have the characteristics of the perpendicular and curved crown form. In conclusion; P. fortunei Guangxi-Guilin and P. fortunei Hubei-Hunan provenances appear to be more suited to the conditions of Ceyhan region in terms of the survival rate, height, diameter, basal area per hectare, and the quality of the stem and the crown form.

20-26

Authors: Ahmet Tolunay, Cemil Çavuşoğlu

State forest nursery enterprises (SFNE), while contributing to the sustainable development of forests in a way, it is necessary to use the available resources in the most efficient way. In this study, Fethiye State Forest Nursery that is located in Mugla Province in Turkey was selected. In the study, 1,000 field samples identified as bare-root production of brutia pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) seedlings was estimated to production time by using Critical Path Method (CPM). As a result, 1+0 aged 1,000 brutia pine seedlings production was estimated to be produced in 387 days in the study

36-41

Authors: Ergün Güntekin, Tuğba Yılmaz Aydın

In this study, fatigue strength of red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) wood was evaluated by applying 15 and 20 cycles per minute and 30% to 70% – 5 different load of static bending strength to small clear wood specimens. The study showed that fatigue life of Turkish red pine wood amounted over 1 million cycles when the stress level was 30 and 40%. In general, there is an inverse relationship between load level (S) and fatigue life (N). This relationship was modeled using nonlinear regression. Fatigue life of red pine wood can be predicted using the equation of Log (N) = A * log (S) + B. Since, fatigue tests are time consuming, only 15 and 20 cycles per minute frequencies were used in the study. By applying more and less frequent loading schemes, the fatigue behavior of red pine wood can be well understood.

50-59

Authors: Kadri Cemil Akyüz, Gizem Çamur, İbrahim Yıldırım

Companies must deploy resources and produce high performance products because increased competition and race to have the biggest share in the global markets. In this study, 23 companies which are “The Big 500 Companies of Turkey” and “The Second 500 Big Companies of Turkey” lists in the Istanbul Association of Manufacturers, was analyzed with the data envelopment analysis in the furniture and panelboard sectors. Total six variables were chosen as three inputs and three outputs for use in the analysis. The data obtained were evaluated with the DEAP 2.1. software package program. Technical efficiency of these companies was found for the CCR model and BCC model and then scale efficiency was obtained with this program. The number of effective companies was found six in the 2011 and 2012 years. References groups were created for the reactive companies. Lately equity capitals and active assets of the reactive companies were determined to use greater than target values, however sales and export values less than target values in this study.

65-74

Authors: Derya Sarı, Banu Karaşah

In the study, we conducted a visual assessment dealing with subjective and objective assessments in order to ensure the sustainability of prominent feature of the natural landscape with its unique characteristics of the area such as Hatila Valley National Park and contribute to the protection of visual values of forest ecosystems hosting different vegetation types. 9 images which contains the forest, streams and rock vegetation taken from the vista points of forest road along the route of the ongoing between 400-3000 m altitude in Hatila Valley National Park (Artvin) were used in visual assessment of this study. In the first stage of visual quality and assessment, we applied a survey using semantic differentiation techniques which contains 15 adjective pairs to landscape architects and graduate students of department of landscape architecture, a total of 75 people. In the second stage, fractal dimension of images and relationship between the fractal dimension and visual quality scores are calculated. In the third stage, which parameters to be effective on visual quality were determined by regression analysis. Consequently, forest vegetation (V2) and stream vegetation (V4) get the highest value in terms of visual quality scores were determined. We found that the average fractal dimension score (Db = 1.691) of the images get higher value and relatively recent trend between the visual quality scores and fractal dimension values of images. The findings of the study revealed that interesting, pleasant, lively, inviting, novelty, exciting, relaxing and color parameters were the descriptive parameters for vegetation types. Based on the different vegetation types, to determine the value of visual resources of the natural landscape and incorporate in landscape planning, management and design processes will help to increase the ecological, economic and aesthetic values of these areas in the long term.

82-85

Authors: Erol Akkuzu, Sabri Ünal, Özkan Evcin

As an historical process, wildlife educations in higher learning institutions have some differences in Turkey compared to those of the developed western countries. Especially, opening of the wildlife programs and departments has not received the necessary attention until recent years in Turkey. Wildlife education is given as associate degree, undergraduate and postgraduate levels in the Universities of Turkey. The number of associate degree programmes, named as “Hunting and Wildlife”, is increasing day by day within various universities. Departments of Wildlife Ecology and Management are mostly located within the forestry faculties. Only in Usak University, "Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management" is placed in the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences. In this review, the importance of wildlife education, its historical process in both Turkey and especially in developed western countries, its contribution to the economy, job opportunities, encountered problems and solutions were discussed.