LARHYSS Journal

11

Authors: EZ-ZARHOUNY D., HBAIZ E.M., LEBKIRI M., LEBKIRI A., RIFI E.H.

The present work is within the scope of the valuation of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Bouznika (Morocco) via the culture of a mark and garden plant: red beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The culture was carried out on two different soils: Soil Maamora and Bouznika (close to STEP). The results obtained show that: - The increasing contribution of wastewater in irrigation plant influences significantly on all agronomic parameters studied. So, the best gains in terms of fresh weight of hypocotyl were obtained from 75% of wastewater. The recorded peak values are of the order of 32% and 29% respectively on Maâmora and Bouznika soils. - Good vegetative growth of the plant in the soil of Maâmora is due to the difference in structure of the two floors. Nevertheless, there is an increase in the number of altered leaves.

12

Authors: CHIBANE B., ALI-RAHMANI S.E.

In semi-arid area, the groundwater recharge (GWR) is a very complicated process, because of several factors: lack of data and complexity of land. Proper management of the groundwater resources needs an organized approach to develop a new model for estimating the GWR, runoff and real-evapotranspiration. To do so, we have based our approach on two hydro-climatic parameters (temperature and precipitation). The results obtained by our formula are compared to the results provided by the analysis of the hydrological water budget (HWB). The objective of this research article is to test the reliability of the model by five criteria: Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Coefficient of determination (R2) and the Arithmetic mean error (AME). In this study, we demonstrate for a semi-arid region that a method, to the moderate data requirements, can be used and can represent a system of understanding useful for the management of groundwater without application of complicated models.

15

Authors: BOUAOUINE O., KHALIL F., CHTIOUI H., ZAITAN H., HARRACH A.

Electrocoagulation is among the techniques commonly used for the treatment of discharges of leachate from landfills. The present work shows the results obtained during the processing of leachate collected at the landfill of the city of Fez by the process of electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes. The influence of operating parameters of electrocoagulation (electrocoagulation time and settling time) and the physic-chemical properties of the liquid effluent before treatment (initial pH, initial turbidity) was studied. The goal is to achieve complete precipitation of the pollutant. The process efficiency is measured in terms of turbidity, sludge production, metal pollution, absorbance and color removal. Treatment with aluminum electrodes with a voltage of 12 V and a current density of 38 A/m2 allows a significant discoloration and turbidity removal of 98% after 3 hours of settling while producing a sludge volume of about 1.1 Kg/m3. It is therefore clear that the time for electrolysis, the settling time and the energy consumed play an important role in the treatment by electrocoagulation. Regarding the analysis of metallic elements, the results showed that a substantial removal of the metallic elements in particularly elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn.. The Treatment with aluminum electrodes is very suitable for the removal of Cr, Zn, Ni and Fe, respectively 79%, 86%, 89% and 90%.

15

Authors: BAHLOUL GUERBABI F.Z.., FARHI A.

Timgad ancient Thamugadi, is located in the plain at the foot of the Aures Mountains, 35 km to the east of the city of Batna. Colony founded by order of Trajan in the year 100 AD by the Third Augusta legion. City famous for its urban planning and architecture. Water supply remains a major concern that a city must resolve to enable its survival and expansion. Water supply systems and drainage of Timgad are remarkable. The revetment of the streets still keeps traces of a water supply system and there is an underground networks rainwater and wastewater. Water was valuable, the Elders used to take it from the phreatic layer and exploited from springs far from the city and from surrounding wadis, or they just collected rainwater. These waters were collected and stored in basins and tanks, to be redistributed to different pipes according to the intended use. Water was distributed through three networks: the first was for public fountains, the second to the baths and the last for rich mansions. Major water consumers, the baths were often the source of supply of water.

16

Authors: OUAHCHIA C., HAMAIDI-CHERGUI F., HAMAIDI M. S., SAIDI F.

The scope of the present study is the evaluation of water quality of the surface water from the Boukourdane Lake dam. The drinking water resulted from the Sidi Amar treatment station, tanks and water from consumers in Tipaza area, based on microbiological and residual chlorine analysis. Total Coliforms, fecal Coliforms, fecal Enterococci, spores of the sulphite-reducing Clostridium, Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae were determined. It was found that residual chlorine was not present in permissible limit in some samples. To provide good quality water to consumer, it should be protected from microbial contamination by maintaining the water supply network.

17

Authors: BHOURI KHILA S., DOUH B., MGUIDICHE A., BOUJELBEN A.

Cereal crops have always been an essential component of Tunisian agriculture. Nevertheless, cereal production is still insufficient to meet population needs mainly due to inadequate rainfall and seasonal moisture deficits. In addition, the productivity of cereal crops may be affected in the future as a result of climate change and possible decline in available water resources. The assessment of potential future impacts of increase in greenhouse gas emissions on agricultural productivity is required to help stakeholders in agriculture to implement suitable adaptation measures. This study provides a synthesis of the literature dealing with the effects of water stress on the productivity of durum wheat crop grown in semi-arid climatic conditions. Moreover, it aims to highlight the possible combined effect of elevated CO2 concentration and high temperature on the productivity of the durum wheat.

18

Authors: EL MOUKHAYAR R., BAHIR M., CARREIRA P.

Morocco is classified as an arid to semi-arid country with a population according to 2013 estimates of 35 million inhabitants and a growth rate of 1,4 %. Efficient use of Morocco’s scarce water is becoming increasingly important as the urban population grows. This study concerns the groundwater recharge in the Kourimat basin and describes a combined methodology for groundwater recharge estimation in Morocco, through the isotopic and hydrochemical approaches. Groundwater samples from Essaouira basin, east Morocco, falls along the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL), and below the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL), suggesting that the waters have been recharged under a different climatic regime, different from today. Water isotopic composition shows low evaporation of precipitations during infiltration. Depletion in heavy isotopes is the characteristic of mountain rainfalls or of a climate colder and wetter than present at the research area. Carbon-14 activities (30 – 60 pMC) indicate a long residence time. Tritium levels in the groundwater of the Kourimat Basin are below the detection limit (<1.5 TU). Five groundwater samples in South-West of Essaouira city, presents tritium content between 1 and 3 TU.

19

Authors: DE LASME O.Z., YOUAN TA M., BAKA D., ADOPO K.L., LASM T., OGA M.S.

San Pedro area covers 6,912 km2 at southwestern Côte d’Ivoire. Its rural population returns to use surface waters for domestic and agricultural needs because of many drillings previously established were damaged. This study aims to contribute best knowledge of quantity and quality groundwater from basement aquifers of this area. Database includes monthly temperatures, rainfalls, outflows and groundwater samples. The calculation of pluviometrical indexes through reduced centered data led to identify climate variability. Recharge of aquifers was calculated by hydrological balance following Thornthwaithe and GR2M methods. Hydrogeochemical properties were determined through the calculation of ions exchange indexes and chemical classification with Korjinski and Riverside diagrams. During last three decades (1977-2007), climate variability presented consecutively humid, dry and humid periods. Aquifers recharge was evaluated to 701 m3/ hectare and 1008 m3/ hectare respectively through Thornthwaite and GR2M methods. Surface and groundwater levels are influenced by climate variability. Groundwaters are healthy for drinking water and agricultural irrigation. Hydrolysis of primary silicate minerals is the major process of groundwater mineralization. Groundwaters develop stability with kaolinite. During interaction between groundwater and surrounding-rocks, waters exchange their ions Mg2+ and Ca2+.

27

Authors: YOUAN TA M., YAO K.A.F., BAKA D., DE LASME Z. O., LASM T., ADJA M.G., KOUAKOU S., ONETIE Z.O., JOURDA J.P.R., BIEMI J.

Study area of this research is the Department of Oumé which is localized at center-west of Cote d’Ivoire, precisely on the paleoproterozic rock formations. This study aims to map potential zones where implantation of drillings will yield great flows for drinking water supply. Database used for this research was constituted by satellite image from RADARSAT-1, cartographical illustrations, drillings and hydroclimatical data. Criteria analysis was useful to lead this study. This method firstly consisted to generate some indicators of ground waters potentiality, accessibility, and exploitability through weighting accumulation. Secondly, these indicators are considered such as criteria and gathered following the technical of aggregation by coding. Results obtained by this way revealed that more than half of the whole studied area (60%) has a good potentiality of ground waters but accessibility of them (65%) is poor. Only 40 % of available groundwater can be easily exploited. Thus, some potential zones where implantation of drillings will yield great flows cover about 58% of the studied area. These results contribute to best knowledge of ground waters from this region. They can be used as a guide to orientate groundwater capture in the department of Oumé.