CONCORDIA DISCORS vs DISCORDIA CONCORS

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Authors: Yusuke KANAZAWA

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Authors: Liubov ZHOLUDEVA

Eugenio Coseriu‘s theory of language variation and change that singles out the main parameters of language variation (diachrony, diatopy, diastraty, diaphasy) has been successfully applied by a number of Italian linguists to describe the restandardization of the Italian language. What is now called ―Neo-Standard Italian‖ is, in fact, the modern variety of Italy‘s standard language that has become more versatile, expressive and widely usable than the traditional Standard Italian due to the development of the lower part of register spectrum (diaphasy axis) and a higher tolerance to variation in diatopy and diastraty. The Italian school of linguistic thought completed the Coserian system of dia- terms by another one, namely, ―diamesia‖, that stands for the distinction between oral and written language. In the Italian historical linguistics, the Coserian theory of language norm and variation allowed to explain the reemergence of certain language features, now considered typical of Neo-Standard Italian, attested in Old Italian texts but later avoided in writing and labelled as substandard. Among other Coserian concepts recurrently discussed and cited by modern Italian linguists one can mention the distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary dialects, the idea to juxtapose functional language and historical language, and the concept of language architecture. Coseriu‘s functional approach to language studies, which views language as integral part of human life and cultural milieu, has resulted fruitful and largely congenial to Italian linguistics that traditionally avoids the extreme structural approaches and favors complex, well backgrounded studies taking into account the historical and sociocultural factors.

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Authors: Victor LARA BERMEJO

The future tense and the conditional are said to convey evidential meaning in most Romance languages. Whereas the former expresses conjecture, the latter is used to mark reportativity. However, the evidential readings of both tenses could be a very recent semantic extension at a vernacular level, since they are still frequent to express time and modality in nearly all the vernaculars. This study aims to show the geolinguistic and dialect distribution of both tenses along the 20th century in order to determine whether the future and the conditional were already evidential one hundred years ago or they have become so during the last century. Furthermore, I will also show the likely directionality for these tenses to become evidential and I will discuss whether there is a language that has worked as the focus of the Romance evidentiality. In doing so, I will not only apply the Coserian variables of diatopic and diaphasic restraints, but I will compare the differences among the dialects and the norms that rule all of them, analysing the systemic behaviour that favours the future as well as the conditional for marking evidentiality.

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Authors: Wolf DIETRICH

In spite of the scarce number of papers Coseriu dedicated to problems of functional syntax (Coseriu 1979, 1989), they fully agree with his general conception of semantics, especially grammatical semantics, and Wilhelm von Humboldt‘s notion of ―interior linguistic shape‖. In this paper, Coseriu‘s principles of functional syntax are discussed with regard to publications on ergativity. It is argued that ergative languages are not, first of all, characterized by a specific case marking on nouns, but by a specific behavior of the verb and verbal categories such as voice. Phenomena of syntactical swift in Tupi-Guarani languages will also be described. First and second person pronominal objects in transitive verbal constructions are not allowed. Nominalized existential clauses are used instead.

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Authors: Giovanni GOBBER

Between 1965 and 1982 Eugenio Coseriu published a series of investigations on word formation processes. In a functional perspective, he developed an innovative proposal, which moved away from traditional models and was not adequately taken into account in lexicological studies, neither in those of his time nor in those of later years. In this contribution, I intend to resume the fundamental aspects of this model, which maintains its validity and originality: in Coseriu's theory of word formation the three levels of the system, the norm and the usage interact strictly, so that both the reasons of the system and the creativity of the speakers are adequately taken into account

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Authors: Maria GRAJDIAN

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Authors: Lolita ZAGAEVSCHI CORNELIUS

This paper considers some aspects of metaphor as a creative process at the level of text, based on E. Coseriu‘s integral linguistics of text and the theory of metaphor developed by M. Borcilă on the basis of integral linguistics and inspired by elements of Lucian Blaga‘s views on metaphor. We apply the typology of metaphors as outlined by M. Borcilă in an approach based on integral textual semantics, with an initial distinction between metaphor in language (I) and metaphor in text (II), followed by a distinction between two types of metaphor of textual ‗sense‘: signifying or linguistic (IIA) and trans-signifying or trans-linguistic (IIB). Based on the ideas of ‗text constitution‘ and ‗sense articulation‘ we propose that some trans-linguistic metaphors in Blaga‘s novel Charon‘s Boat (Luntrea lui Caron) may function at different levels of ‗sense articulation‘: (a) as elements of ‗text constitution‘ (as ‗individual‘, ‗local‘ metaphors), and (b) as textual devices or strategies of ‗sense articulation‘.

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Authors: Clemilton Lopes PINHEIRO, Juzelly Fernandes Barreto MOREIRA

In the conceptual apparatus of Eugenio Coseriu‘s text linguistics, the relationship between the theory of surrounding fields and the practice of text procedures when constructing meaning is well marked. This leads us to understand that the surrounding fields guide the entire text, giving meaning to it, which is objectified by the text procedures. Seen in these terms, the analyses of surrounding fields and text procedures work in conjunction in the hermeneutics of meaning. In this work we propose an analytical device in which surrounding fields and text procedures are utilized to interpret meaning in texts. Furthermore, we expanded the analytical scope of the verbal text for the multimodal text. In order to exemplify the device application, we analyzed a multimodal text: a Calvin and Hobbes comic strip by cartoonist Bill Watterson. This research, thus, aims to contribute to the implementation of the task of transmission, systematization and expansion of Eugenio Coseriu‘s work.

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Authors: Marina KOSSARIK

Romance linguistics was one of E. Coseriu‘s primary fields of research; all along his life Coseriu illustrated and tested his theoretical concepts using Romance languages as a touchstone. Likewise, one of Coseriu‘s early predecessors, the Spanish Renaissance philologist B. de Aldrete, came up with a number of innovative ideas concerning the historicity of language, regular changes in phonetics and transformations in morphology, divergencies among closely related languages, etymology, sociolinguistic factors (such as language contacts and cultural integration) in linguogenesis, the importance of early written texts for documenting language change, as well as other concepts, and used the example of Romance languages – the Ibero-Romance ones in particular – to support his theoretical insights. B. de Aldrete‘s treatise (1606) is also an early example of the scientific practice of citing previous research and giving references to numerous sources.

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Authors: Cristian PAȘCALĂU

Integral linguistics resides on an inner, fundamental truth that has to be revealed and justified. The leap from intuition to reflexivity is subtly designated by Eugenio Coseriu in terms of ―grain of truth‖ (which implies knowing and understanding a theory from within, in order for researchers to be able to emphasize its strong points, its sustainable cores of knowledge, and, at the same time, its weak points). All disciplinary fields are governed by the limits of their concept, therefore contemplating them needs to be done on philosophical grounds. In this respect, we revisit Coseriu‘s doctrine regarding linguistics as a science that states man as its central point of reference. We aim to discuss one of the most challenging ideas Coseriu developed in this respect, namely that human consciousness emerges through language and unfolds intuitive knowledge, as opposed to the biological perspectives that derive consciousness from instincts, perceptions or sensory representations.

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Authors: Crina LEON

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Authors: Daniela HĂISAN

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Authors: Vlad ISTRATE

George Orwell writes that „if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought‟ (Orwell, 1946:8). This remark only leads to a vicious circle where those who control language are in fact in charge of our thoughts, of what we think and in charge of the manner on how we have to react to our reality. This paper aims to analyze the procedures that are used to control and undermine people‟s freedom and also the importance of the meaning of the words that were used for such an endeavor. If the destruction of words is „a beautiful thing‟ (Orwell, 2015:65) and if every aspect of our life and common memory can be altered, we‟ll have to ask ourselves what exactly is considered to be real and what is fiction. The answer to this question is not only philosophical but also scary for a fragile immature human intellect: reality only exists in one‟s mind and nowhere else, meaning that all we can see, feel, touch, smell and hear is somehow part of our imagination and our experimentation of what we perceive as being real. By exploring this Orwellian labyrinth of changing words and meanings, we can find out what consequences we can expect when we change past events and coin new meanings for the same old words.

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Authors: Marta Raluca ISTRATE

Unable to deny the fact that social media influences the way we interact nowadays across different languages, people have to face and accept that it also changed language itself by inventing new words and combining the existing new ones. The present article explores the linguistic changes and the adverse effects social media has on grammar and spelling, making difficult the understanding of a written message which does not use capitalization, apostrophes, commas etc. Taking into account the fact that half of the online content is in English, which makes it the most common language of the Internet flowing into daily usage, this paper focuses on the creation of new Pidgin phenomena which bear different names across cultures, such as Franglais, Spanglish, Denglish or Romglish.

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Authors: Zeynep SARIKARTAL

Throughout the hostile political transformation that began in 2013 in Turkey, a number of massacres and mass murders remained untraceable. The Curfews period of December 2015- February 2016 in South-Eastern Turkey was a time of collective violence in multiple forms, among which Cizre Basement Massacres are the most known. Some social media material shared from the basements in the region, such as phone calls by representatives of the Kurdish party, caught international attention and provoked artistic as well as political responses. In this article, I will first provide an overview of the key events during the Curfews period, then analyze the artistic work of Songül Sönmez, with whom I have worked during the conceptualization of the sound work of her installation Forensic Body (2015-2020). Based on one-to-one discussion and participant observation, I will then discuss her witnessing and her creative process regarding these serial events of mass violence.

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Authors: Ciprian POPA

In the difficult time of the coronavirus pandemic, there has been an invasion of Anglicisms in the vocabulary of the Italian language aiming to describe the new reality. The brevity and the conciseness of English words prevailed over native Italian words, taking linguists by surprise. If in some situations the richness of the Italian vocabulary imposed the native word to the detriment of the English loanword, in other cases the latter was preferred. If the main vector that imposes the neologism is as a rule the speakers‟ use, in this case the Anglicisms were imposed by mass media repetitiveness, which had as a result a mass diffusion in a fairly short period of time. Accounting for Anglicisms invading the Italian vocabulary during the pandemic is also the fact that English has come to be viewed the supreme lingua franca in the field of scientific research.

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Authors: Elena-Simona NĂSTASE

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Authors: Vlad ISTRATE

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the methods which are used to mislead the public perception towards reality. I will discuss and try to determine the nature of the relationship between the language we use and the reality we create through words. The close examination of words, the correlation of different advised opinions and the study of particular aspects in language will become dominant features in this study. The linguistic relativity or the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has as a primary concern the fact that the spoken language has an important and immediate impact upon the speaker.

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Authors: Monica-Geanina COCA,

This paper investigates Romanian neological phraseologisms used euphemistically, which are analysed from the viewpoint of the sources and fields of use in Romanian. Our approach started from a few theoretical observations regarding the semantic possibilities of neologisms, with special reference to the expressivity of the phraseological neologisms with euphemistic value. The first part of the paper deals with the stylistic markers of phraseological euphemisms, as well as with the internal and external strategies through which phraseological neologisms were borrowed into Romanian. Occasional phraseological neologisms pertaining to the journalistic discourse have then been made the major focus through the analysis of the combinatorial techniques within the euphemization process. The second part of the paper analyses the phraseological representation of inherently euphemistic neologisms, generated by the taboos referring to character flaws, reprehensible behaviour, social condition, as well as the stylistic markers of some phraseological neologisms with euphemistic value pertaining to scientific terminologies like economy, medicine, and the military.

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Authors: Ionela STARPARU

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Authors: Corina IFTIMIA

In the present paper we compare Saint-Exupéry‘s Le petit prince with Mike Osborne‘s movie The Little Prince from the perspective of certain modern teaching strategies, which we consider to be ―anti-pedagogical‖ at best. The aim of this essay is to point out that nowadays‘ education, be it parental or institutional, hence child/student-oriented, is going in a wrong direction and, worse even, leading to traumas. One of the multiple causes is that literature plays an ever less significant role in the process of education..

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Authors: Gina MĂCIUCĂ

Inspired by the semantically equivalent series E talk one’s head/arm off – G sich ein Loch in den Bauch [= belly] reden – S hablar por los codos [= elbows] – R a i se duce gura [=mouth] la urechi [=ears; peripheral constituent] – I fare una testa [= head] di qualcuno cosi, the approach at hand is intended to complement the prevailingly language-based one and take the analysis to the more complex, languacultural level, with the aim of bringing idiosyncratic patterns of forma mentis in individual languacultures to bear on semantic selection of core constituents in interlingually synonymous idioms, and, while allowing for such factors as sheer frequency, contextual pragmatic clues, salient cultural practices or perceived gaps, also attempt to explore and account for similarities and contrasts both intra-languaculturally (i.e. within language families) and inter-languaculturally (i.e. across language families). The major focus of the present contribution – which merely broaches the topic at issue in this first research phase – is on ear and its interlingual synonyms as featured by idioms of English, German, Italian, Romanian and Spanish extraction.

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Authors: Raluca-Nicoleta BALAŢCHI

The field of Translation Studies has been constantly enriched with concepts and methods of study borrowed from various other disciplines in the province of humanities. Interdisciplinary approaches that link together psychology and translation are more and more often included in researches on translation phenomena. Though psychoanalytical studies are less frequent, they shed a revealing light on concepts that are considered key-notions in Translation Studies, e.g. the notion of rhythm. Drawing on Irina Mavrodin‘s work as research corpus, the present study focuses on the the well-known Romanian translator and Translation-Studies scholar as author of essays, i. e. of ‗subjective‘ writings. One of the concepts ventillated by Irina Mavrodin, which, as we suggest, can be turned to good account in the fresh light of psychological approaches, is the writing hand.

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Authors: Lavinia IENCEANU

The major focus of the present contribution is on the constantly shifting patterns produced by the persona-shadow interaction as part of the individuation process which the protagonist is undergoing in Héctor Abad Faciolince‘s novel Asuntos de un hidalgo disoluto, as well as on the archetypal values attached to the shadow aspect. With the latter viewed not as a generator of, much rather as a complement to the anti-self, or, better put, as a haven for fertile forces lying dormant, our research is delving deep into both the novel‘s social-historical context and Don Gaspar‘s inter- and intrapersonal relationships, in an attempt to tear off his mask and expose the multitude of facets which he makes a huge effort to hide. What we actually see is a most bizarre blend of uranian and chtonian traits, perpetually torn between centripetal and centrifugal tendencies, assimilation and dissimilation, censorship and unboundedness, denial and acceptance, inferiority and superiority, self-effacement and self-assertion, which simply baffles the reader when, in abruptly giving up his desire to rise to fame, Don Gaspar first gives in to his compulsion to be reduced to anonymity and, as a last resort, to sheer nothingness.