Jangwa Pana

54-66

Authors: Samuel Asdrubal Avila & Yuly Andrea Ayala

With the emergence of the Cauca Regional Indigenous Council (CRIC) in Colombia, during the 1970, as the land reclamation process in Cauca began, and supported by Colombian laws that grant autonomy for indigenous groups in education (elementary and middle school and higher education), “educación propia” or authoctonous education (that acknowledges ancestral native knowledge) became a fundamental issue for the indigenous communities of Cauca. In the municipality of Silvia-Cauca, there is a clear example of this. Since 2011, the construction of an indigenous university began, which is open to all people who wish to become part of it no matter their origin. The following article describes how ALA KUSREIK YA- Misak University seeks to build its own educational system to serve as a platform for recovery of the knowledge, identity and culture of the Misak people, and how, to achieve this purpose, the Misak have been intervened both the architecture of the university, as well as the contents that it offers,their worldview and thoughts about being Misak, based upon the principles of hearing, seeing, thinking, and doing.

76-89

Authors: Sandro Alberto Díaz-Boada

Contemporary documentary cinema continues to seek innovative ways to produce subjectivities. This paper centers around the Danish documentary film The act of killing (2012) made by two American filmmakers —Joshua Oppenheimer and Christine Cynn—, along with a third one, who does not disclose his/her identity appearing in the credits as Anonymous. The way in which a process of investigation conducted in Indonesia, a territory swarmed with impunity, can expose before the international community several decades afterwards the effects of a genocide that was orchestrated by huge economic and political forces and carried out by executors such as Anwar Congo,Herman Koto, gangsters and paramilitary groups who up to today have ties with the current democratic regime, is here commented and analyzed. The documentary film is reviewed noting violence devices and the continuity between violent acts and their representations and imagery in mass media and sometimes in artistic productions such as film and television programs. One of the questions raised has to do with the role of victims in the documentary,since they seem part of a backdrop while perpetrators are visually given a huge power.

103-111

Authors: José Luis Sañudo-Ospina

The Colombian state is about to close one of the worst chapters in its history: the war against FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) that has lasted for more than five decades. After more than three years of discussions,the parties have settled on important agreements such as the de-escalation of the armed conflict and transitional justice mechanisms. It is thus time for the State to use constitutional and legal means to incorporate the agreements into the national legal system. President Juan Manuel Santos has called for a plebiscite as the means to legitimatethe peace agreements. As a surprise to many, the plebiscite did not obtain the votes needed for its implementation, leaving it’s future in uncertainty. The government is now considering other alternatives, such as pass it through congress, call for an open council meeting and even call for a new plebiscite. The main aim of this article is to analyze the mechanisms of constitutional reform existing in the Colombian legal system to validate the Havana Talks. Some concepts, and constitutional and legal regulations will be studied and various mechanisms of citizen participation and constitutional reform will be contrasted that may help to achieve the government expectations with the peace process.

122-130

Authors: David Rodríguez-Silva & Daniela Casas-Sosa

In this article, an analysis is made of a selection of short stories by Puerto Rican writer José Luis González (1926- 1997), all of them dealing with the theme of Puerto Rican migration at the middle of the 20th century. As an introduction, there is an overview of the historical, social and political background that led to migration in Puerto Rico. Later on, causes and consequences of internal migration, that is to say, from the countryside to the cities, are presented. In the case of external migration, working conditions, economic stability, quality of life and identity of Puerto Ricans in the United States are also discussed. Finally, the discrimination suffered by immigrants in big cities through “cultural racism” —a concept that explains the creation of an imaginary around the Puerto Rican community, which facilitates the formation of a cheap labor force hiding the true causes of their marginalization in education and employment fields— is addressed. In the conclusion, it is highlighted the importance of studying the works of José Luis González towards an understanding of the aspects that make up the phenomenon of migration and its effects and impact, not only in the Caribbean, but in the world at large.