Philosophical horizons

10-20

Authors: Kravchenko P.A., Blokha Ya. Ye.

The views of one of the most prominent Ukrainian thinkers, writers and public figures of the late XIX – early XX century Volodymyr Galaktionovych Korolenko on the problems of nationalism, the coexistence of nationalism, patriotism and chauvinism, protection of the homeland are reflected into the article. The author indicates, that while speaking in defense of the oppressed Ukrainian people, V.G. Korolenko stressed not only upon nationality of a person, but his ideological position as well for nationalism should not prevent each of us to see their own and others’ drawbacks and merits. Thinker also urged to realize that love for native country should be almost the most important value, and it must be protected by all means, otherwise anarchy can cover the society. Analyzing the concept «nationalism», «patriotism» and «chauvinism», which often can be heard in Ukraine, V.G. Korolenko calls to reject national dissension and remnants of chauvinism and build a society based on the principles of national and cultural interaction and mutual respect, humanity and ability to recognize own mental deficiencies, turning them into advantages. Ukrainian national idea for V.G. Korolenko was undoubtedly the highest spiritual authority and main engine of social and political movements. He realized that all political competitions, all aspects of social life, all activities of intellectuals should be based on national idea, the demands of which is the idea of struggle for national independence. Obviously, a great heritage of an outstanding thinker, journalist, human rights activist and public figure V.G. Korolenko should remain as a source of national unity of the Ukrainian people, who defend their right for independence in confrontation with external and internal enemies of our country.

31-44

Authors: Bondar I. A.

This article examines the phenomenon of polytheistic beliefs of the ancient Greeks as an attribute of the formation of the mentality of the nation - a spiritual phenomenon, ethnic identity color, national consciousness, people’s soul, which is formed by overcoming the contradictions between the individual and society. Spiritual community environment clearly reveals national character; it is deeply rooted in human existence, bordering on mass culture. In this regard, he stressed that the interaction of the Titans, gods, spirits and heroes in Greek consciousness took shape in the original perception of the world, clearly represented, not only in myths and legends, but also in daily life, living conditions, as well as dominants select specific kinds of arts. Ancient polytheism has a long prehistory; it is a mature, extremely complex and internally contradictory system. It is proved that the mythological world of the ancient Greeks had a function of r social life regulator, clearly reflected in the behavior of the individual and the polis community, because there has always been a palpable strong religious motivation. Based on the views of historians, religion and antiquity scientists, mythologists, culturologists of the ancient period of European civilization, the Greek held spiritual traditions in the context of the analysis of the influence of the polytheistic beliefs of the formation of the ethnic identity of the ancient Greeks. Formation and development of religious and mystical practices took place in ancient Greece by the synthesis conditions, among which is mainly determined by the following: absolute, spiritual-rational and sensiblematerial cosmology of the ancient Greeks; religious character of society; particular psychological make-up of the Greeks, which were inherent dialecticism and optimistic attitude; competitive nature of Greek culture, with its cult of glory and victory; personal creative activity of the individual. In addition, each of these factors causes the original influence on the formation of social and cultural mentality of the Greeks. The ancient Greek conception of the sacred and the profane are specific. The mentality of the ancient Greeks, their worldviews about the universe and its own destiny indicate common ground as the beliefs and prejudices in spiritual tradition. The systems view of the religious structure of the ancient polytheism gives us reason to isolate it in the following elements: beliefs, «theology», a cult, ritual practice. The features of Greek magic, religion, mythology, mysticism became clear. It is proved that as a result of their interaction arises specific subjective reality created by the imagination of the faithful, uniting the everyday and limit human existence. The unique freedom and democracy of the Greek mentality have allowed artists of Greece to create a new original art by developing composite archetypes and modeling technologies, which subsequently enjoyed European art for centuries.

51-60

Authors: Biletska V.V.

The article is analyzed the meaning of the concept «philosophy of the heart» of Hryhorii Skovoroda in the interpretation of Ivan Mirchuk. The scientist argues that the concept of «philosophy of the heart» is manifested in the philosophical and anthropological teaching of Ukrainian thinker, which is a detailed treatment of heart as the foundation of the spiritual life of the person. In Hryhorii Skovoroda understanding a person is the key to solve all problems of human existence. Ivan Mirchuk compares Hryhorii Skovoroda with the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates and reveals common ideological foundations of their philosophizing. Anthropologismof Ukrainian philosopher Ivan Mirchuk is characterized in three aspects. They are ontological, epistemological, moral and practical aspects. The most important one is the moral and practical, which is the justification of morality and distributing it both a word and the actions. The ontological aspect of Skovorody is presented by the concept of three worlds: the macrocosm, microcosm and symbolic world. Macrocosm is a real world of visible things and phenomena. In Hryhorii Skovoroda understanding microcosm is a specific person, with his/her internal, spiritual characteristics. The symbolic world of Ukrainian thinker is the impact of the Bible, which became the book of all his life. Considering it very thoroughly, philosopher tried to explain the contents of the book in its own way with symbols. The symbolic world of Hryhorii Skovoroda exists as a mediator between microcosm and macrocosm. Epistemological aspect of the anthropologism of Ukrainian thinker is harmonious interaction of the person with the macrocosm. Human life is the continuous process of self-discovery. So, Ivan Mirchuk focuses on self-knowledge and idea of «the something similar work» as key principles to achieve human happiness, which is the main purpose of life. It means that extrinsic human occupation annoys us and reduces our desire to live. Therefore, to be happy we have to avoid everything that would force us to go the wrong way. In this regard, every scientific knowledge should help people to know themselves, their identity, and be happy.

70-78

Authors: Ivanova N.V.

The paper analyzes the problem of anthropoesis (autopoiesis) as the process of self-creation of human. The author argues that the history of the humanitarian disciplines is «anthropoetic» because it explores the creation (production) of «human» in an individual. The idea of «anthropoesis» is a variant of interpretation of the essence of «human» because individuals become complete and complete themselves in social creativity and cultural activity. Modern discussions about human nature, consciousness and thinking have common roots – the classical philosophy and romantic life-view. They state the importance of creative thinking as anthropoesis, which exists at all levels of cognition and activity. The process of anthropoesis includes the history of mental reflection not only as hope about whom person wants and is able to become as a result of the formation, but also about whom she believes herself. The author argues that a belief as a meaning and significance of life appear thanks to the clear activity of will and of thinking. Between the process of self-creation of human and reflexive conditions of cognition, as it is indicated in the article, there is a close relationship. The idea of human self-creation as thinking reached the highest understanding in philosophy. The author focuses on the concept of «desire» («wanting», «volition»), which have been conceptualized in the period of Romanticism in the context of search of new generating bases, common to material and spiritual life forms. The process of their development depends on a person whose thinking first of all appears as an indicator of her intellectual, creative and cognitive abilities. In a particular sense, thinking person as a subject of cognition meets the specifications of a talent, has an ambition to have the title of an outstanding person. Therefore, the evolution of humanity, among other sources, is based on leadership, dominance, desire for power that can be called desire for perfection. Because of this circumstance people successfully «create» themselves as heroes, producing and sustaining myths about «great». For this images, available not only in politics but also in other spheres of social life, become purposefully «particulated». The essence of each socio-cultural phenomenon, as author indicates, whether theoretical or practical, becomes clear from the study of its history. Discovery, as well as intellectual practice, although belonging to the spiritual, also are more fully disclosed through the history and philosophy of culture as the process of creation. But thinking becomes a philosophy, after the reassessment of values. The latter is a manifestation of the concept of «will to power» and its implementation. Productive forming of thinking personality as an active subject of creative activity can occur in professional communities which can have loyal attitude to their opponents. Their task is to provide adequate attitude to problems being solved in an intellectual environment. The goal of thinking and creative individual, is a creation not of just culture, but of its meaning. Constructive role in this process plays thinking as the energy of the self-creation of personality.

88-97

Authors: Fediy O. A

Category «environment» has a lot of aspects. It is studied by various sciences, is used in everyday life. Speaking of the natural environment, we mean the «natural environment», which is the object of study of geography and has its own definition – «geographical environment». In the geographical envelope social and economic components that form a «socio-economic environment» are combined. In a simplified version the whole environment can be called as «living environment» of a person. With the nascence of living and thinking matter, the carrier of which is a man, there were some reasons to allocate «noosphere environment». Each person has his own inner world, so-called «internal environment». It does not occur by itself, but is formed mostly under the influence of «the environment», which is a holistic system of natural and social components. For religious-idealistic world view God is the creator of the visible and invisible world, the driving force of the internal and external environment of man. In this vision world is a «divine environment». Philosophers, geographers, biologists, ecologists study environment, and some of its aspects are considered by economists, historians and others. Recently many scientists have spoken of the necessity to form a single, integrated environmental science. This science appeared at the intersection of natural and socio-economic sciences. Its name is invayronmentolohiya. Environment is a financial system that is in dynamic balance. It is achieved due to close relationship and interaction of processes and phenomena during the long history of the development of the Earth and at all stages of the society. The world has an acute problem of interaction with the outside world, especially its natural component. It is connected with contradictions between human activity and the natural environment. This interaction has become crisis. The global problems of modern humanity set the task to find new ways of development, restructuring their relationship to the environment.

111-119

Authors: Golovina N. I

The article examines trends in total aestheticization of contemporary social reality. It is shown that the phenomenon of anesthetization is quite common sociocultural trend in the modern world. The process of aestheticization is defined as an extension of the sphere of aesthetic and transfer it to other areas of human life: science, production, life, religion, and art. The process of aestheticization in modern society affects all modes of human perception of the world, the deepest foundations of human nature. Aestheticism in this case is an objective and at the same time awareness of targeted social process of acquiring or enhancing the aesthetic qualities of all forms of social relations, including personal. Aesthetic beginning thus became a social phenomenon. The causes, forms and consequences of the acquisition of the social phenomenon of the aesthetic status, changes in social relations under the influence of the aesthetic principle are known. Revealed the relationship between the understanding of the nature of the aestheticization and understanding of aesthetic categories. This growing attention to what was included in the literal meaning of the term «aesthetic» – attention to the feeling of sensuality, intensity of emotional experience. It sensually aesthetic nature of values allows the person to carry out an assessment of reality, primarily from the perspective of beauty. Especially domination aesthetization had total impact on morale. The dominant categories of morality are not goodness and responsibility, but choice and pleasure. The above reasons anesthetization is the commodity of virtually all social relations, such as the displacement of rational orientation, information society. Determined ambivalence of aestheticization processes of contemporary social and cultural life.

132-141

Authors: Skoptsova O.M.

Analyzed the origin and evolution of forms of polyphonic performance as the image of the national musical thinking. The analysis of the literature on the subject based on the experience of leading researchers of folk-song and choral singing. Followed closely link the origins of traditional folk style polyphony of regional folk traditions of Ukraine, provided comparative analysis of these forms of folk polyphony. The general stylistic features of folk polyphony. Folk polyphony is part of Ukrainian song and performing traditions, characteristic expression of national identity. Ukrainian singing polyphonic nature is closely linked with the traditions of folk collective singing in his diverse local manifestations that have a direct impact on the formation and existence of different types of folk polyphony (octave two voices, tape, third parallelism burdonn style homophony, polyphony echoers, in three votes the tradition of Kant, etc.). Analysis of polyphonic songs to determine the overall style features: improvisational basis chant, variant development melodies subordination vertical horizontal movement of the melody, the formation of incomplete chords parallelism intervals, chords, a special relationship consonance and dissonance, dissonant harmonies custom solution, specific voice, role Infant and faltsetnoho pidholoskiv, melodically expressive bass voice, and the prevalence dvoholosnoyi tryholosnoyi texture that most clearly manifested in polyphonic songs.

153-160

Authors: Tsebriy I.V., Melechko S.V

The article proved that the legacy of Giuseppe Verdi was the highest flight of philosophy Risorgimento art, the embodiment of its basic ideals. Given the fact that the leading genre of Italian culture first half of the nineteenth century was the opera, the stage it became a platform for the expression of patriotic feelings and political beliefs of society. In this context, works by composers Giacomo Rossini, Vincenzo Bellini and Giuseppe Verdi represented the driving factors of the Italian liberation movement. The active factor was always personified the idea – some sole or group will, involved certain goals. Indisputable is the fact that modern Italy owes its birth a few contributions. It can not be. Only a few individuals are consciousness and will determine its age and history; because they are aware of the forces that actually have and using them to set in motion a single, truly active and productive force – their own will». Giuseppe Verdi opera work takes place in the current era and philosophy Risorgimento, transferring the means of musical expression and epic stories and poetic words fundamental ideas of political and cultural independence, freedom of religious choice, the revival of the former national values. Strength Concept Art, energetic fullness of dramatic action, availability of presentation, depth of musical language J. Verdi awakened the national consciousness of the masses at a time when Italian Music and Drama Theatre priorities defined cultural society. Decisive place and era of music Risorgimento not exhausted existing works today. One of the future directions of research problems consider creative legacy of Vincenzo Bellini in the context Risorgimento and study social movements in Italy the first half of the nineteenth century due to the influence of opera on the minds of the masses.

10-18

Authors: Kravchenko P.A.

The integration of innovative technologies in the body of social reality should be consistent with social purposes, values and meanings. It seems to be heuristically promising to compare information networks with the software. Similarly as the program “animates” the computer by giving it unlimited applicability measurements and networks extend social reality. In other case the social fabric will remain in a passive state. That is why social and cultural potential of global information networks should be understood not as available tools and knowledge of technologies, etc., but as a special kind of social relations that appeares based on innovation and communication technologies of globalized society to establish a balance of information and finding optimal ways of modern society. Information space – a part of social reality that directly affects the determination and correlation between parameters of social space and social time. Information space and accordingly global information networks are not virtual by their nature, functionality and potential. In fact, the purpose of virtualization is the diversion of society from public social and cultural potential of innovative network technologies, by turning the real needs and interests into the random, imaginary ideals, values and purposes. Therefore it is impossible to consider virtual space, which is designed by the mediation of modern media, online social networks (such as Facebook, VKontakte, etc.), gossip, online surveys and other methods, as a full equivalent or substitute of social reality. It can be an equivalent only if socio-cultural potential of global information networks is implemented. Socio-cultural potential of information networks is directly related to humanitarian innovations that are broadcasted with the help of information networks. Producing of humanitarian needs is caused by the protest movement that is triggered by uneven distribution of innovative and socio-cultural potential of the network architecture. However, innovation that is converted into common practice can lead to unpredictable and random consequences. The origin and need of humanitarian innovation is a sign of social system that is coming out of the state of dynamic equilibrium and growth of social entropy. Inconsistency of implementation between socio-cultural potential of information networks and their innovative capacity will inevitably provoke collapse of resistant social structures and establishing a rigid hierarchy, dimensionality, closure society. Keywords: architectonics, virtual reality, global social networks, information, information society, information space, communication systems, convergent technologies, social networks, society, value orientations, values

27-38

Authors: Stovpets O.V.

The paper analyzes (in social-philosophic scope) the problem of interconnection for such categories as «information», «knowledge», «innovations» regarding contemporary sociocultural realities. The comprehension of mentioned categories’ correlation is considered as essential and indispensable precondition for the Intellectual Property Institution research (in its understanding like a social institution). Selected problematic’s relevance is determined by the increasing weight and significance of intellectual property in the information age. The intellectual property institution has become an inalienable sociocultural attribute of post-industrial society. As social-philosophic attention focus involves the phenomena and processes of a social life that specify the whole mankind development, then a problem of intellectual property’s positioning and its correlation with another information types should be an object of socio-philosophic reflection. The purpose of this research paper is a socio-philosophic investigation of the nature and patterns of interrelationship for information, knowledge and intellectual property, analyzing processes of information’s subjectification (its transformation to “knowledge”) and knowledge’s objectification (their conversion to sociocultural information). Learning of interdependence of mentioned processes in various forms of cognition and communicative actions, existing in the natural environment and culture, may facilitate to clear perception of the role and meaning that intellectual property institution performs in contemporary society. Methodological grounds of the research are based on general scientific methods and ad hoc approaches (as particularly are dialectical and comparative-legal methods, systemic, attributive, cognitive and procedural approaches). Changing of information’s ontological status, ambiguity and diversity in methods of approaching to understanding of information concept, transformation of social stereotypes for information transfer etc., all of these require a primary research of the category “information” and extraction of its features. Making an attempt also to conceive the character of notions as “knowledge”, “innovations”, “intellectual property” and their correlation, we have to analyze each of them. Post-nonclassical science and philosophy development period allows to contemplate a multidimensional self-sustaining world, that evolves itself permanently. We used to think about multiplicity of instruments for reality description, about features of the open systems’ behaviour, about irreversibility of local impacts on the sophisticated combination of processes. These ideas are accepted as a certain self-evidence, but some investigators are convinced of illusiveness of such self-evidence. Various facts and events that occur in life, turn the pace and revise directions of changes. Different ways and patterns of perception of the complicated surrounding world varies gradually the very models of reality awareness, offering a lot of interpretations, insinuating and sowing doubts, organizing and destroying, and eventually, arranging a self-organization of being and consciousness. Post-nonclassical science gives an opportunity to understand that the world is no longer a clear and definite. The things seemed self-evident actually may appear not so evident. At the same time, it turns out that we are capable of cognition and intellection (acquiring knowledge about) even those things, we just had no imaginations of. Using post-nonclassical theories’ formalism we construct models of reality, but we know it’s only a mental conjectures, not a reality itself. Meantime self-organizing mechanism’s principles hide themselves from the searching looks, that seek for truth, quest for verity and are thirsty for obviousness. Phrases “information society”, “information age”, “information approach” etc. have become familiar and frequently used. It’s clear intuitively why the predicate “informational” is such often used. It remains to understand the nature of that an information is. A legal definition for information as “any data that can be saved on material object or reflected in electronic form” doesn’t give us any conception of information and shows nothing about its influence upon social development process. Therefore we should appeal to another approaches in research of mentioned phenomenon. We also may use the following definition: “The phenomenon of information is a multistage, irreversible process of structure formation in an open nonequilibrium system, beginning from a random memorized selection that system does, moving from chaos to the order, and ending with a purposeful action according to an algorithm or a program that corresponds to the semantics of choice”. The information is understood as a process consisting of certain stages. Thus, Intellectual Property Institutionin social-philosophic comprehension of interrelations amidst information, knowledge and innovations appears as heterogeneous, differently directed, multidimensional public institution that has a system-making meaning in respect of the contemporary postmodern- information-society. Keywords:Intellectual Property institution, knowledge, intellect, creativity, innovation, information, society.

49-57

Authors: Ivanova N.V.

The problem of forming of socio-cultural worldview in the system of medieval thought is analyzed in the article. The author focusesthat each world characterized and described in philosophy, has not always existed, and is created by social activity, culture and creativity ofphilosophers. In their productive activity which has natural cycles, existing knowledge about the phenomena of life (gods,the being of heroes, spirit and soul, music, nature, economy, etc.) get new sound using rules, regulations and categories. They belong not just to observed phenomena but, on the one hand, to designed, constructed ideal objects, andon the other – to new reality (ideas, logos, being, everything which exists). The new reality is consciously set in parameters of the new thinking. As a result, the world becomes structured, being thought anew. It consists of forms created by thinking of social life, each of which is characterized in the context of the relevant science and philosophy. This situation author considers through the example ofthe age of theocentric philosophy, through the analysis of medieval cycle of thinking. It is qualitatively different from the ancient cycle of thinking. The transformation of thinking usually starts with changing of social, economic, political and cultural spheres of reality and with the formulation of new problems that arise during the solutionof previous ones. But the essence of the transition to the new cycle is caused primarily by systemic crisis, through which every cultureruns. The analysis of the relationship of Christian values of medieval life shows their relationship with socio-political and cultural reality. Thanks to Christianity, in the Middle Ages conversion of the reality takes place. It is built in terms of life through allegorical interpretation of events of being according to schemes of divine worldview, which shows the eternal tragedy of Christ as man and as God. Christianity as a spiritual and moral-value phenomenon has played a decisive role in the transition from ancient to medieval culture, system of thinking and of social life. Moral merits of Christian philosophy as the «religion of love» made it the way of spiritual and practical perception of the world, the true philosophy aboutwhat the true salvationis. The latter was very important for human in his everyday life, because understanding of the inner world (ie, spirituality), takes the ethical form of personal specificity of humanity, humanity in general. Average believer from the epoch of Middle Ages to could not reach such wisdom. But this metaphorical image accurately conveys the sense of the eternal struggle of «good» and «evil», in which Christianity took part, and which was always desirable for person to participate in its sociality and thinking. This, as the author says, is humanistic and social focus of religious and philosophical thinking of the theocentric era. Key words:thinking, theology, culture, transcendence, philosophy, Christianity, morality.

68-79

Authors: Chorna L.V.

The article analyses the Ideal in the light of modern anthropological turning-point comprehension. Nowadays the Ideal interpretation is also topical theme for discussions of philosophy. Deep changes in cultural practices of contemporary globalist world don’t allow to reserve the Ideal within the old bounds of Modern. The purpose of article is to pass from general vision of Ideal to its interpretation within the limits of anthropological turning-point. The Ideal is analyzed in realities of modern cultural practices that influence on its forming. There is scientifically proved that Ideal as “eidos” is mythologized. Present myth is turning into a system of social rhetorical norms and text transformations; it becomes the rhetorical mechanics in lynguo-semiological context (context of discursive practices). In the sphere of newest mythology understanding, of newest system of verbal, linguistic, semiological predications of Ideal operating, the Ideal itself is changing. Jean Baudrillard defines it as simulacrum. There is occurred the symbiosis of tactile, visual and verbal synaesthesia, where the “image”, “gestalt”, “pattern” become a screen, a performance in virtual space of communication. The attention is focused on the constant of this complex visual turn, where everything is visualized and becomes a screen virtual reality. Image eliminates the object as material structure of universal corporality. It is precisely the corporality that was considered as a guarantor of human presence in the world. The image of the ideal body becomes a mental image. The article emphasizes that the visual turn favoured to the appearance of new cultural practices. New punk space, which is oriented on blurring of any boundaries: moral, aesthetic, political, it promotes the mimicry of ideals as regulators. The ideal is analysed in relation to the disciplinary practices of culture, the source of which is in the experience of corporality. It is considered in the new context that compensates for the lost body in the transcendental subject of classics. The article stresses that the Ideal loses its metaphysics of classics, gradually exceeds the limits of normative cultural texts and adapts marginal experience as an ideal. The cyber reality is formed, where you can acquire the ideal constants and create your virtual image. Visual turn from the place as an empty space, from the place where the only ideal is possible, gives rise to a phantom of total identity. The Ideal is turning from image of substance into verbalized construction. The “I” as an image that is mental and deprived of real somatic corporality, becomes a cyborg engineered, it lacks in the main thing - the finiteness of its existence. The article concludes that the Ideals are no longer the unity of the substantial qualities, as they were in classical concepts. They become normative vocabulary markers, markers of disciplinary discursive practices. Ideal becomes transformative-manipulative. The modern Ideal as a system presents a verbal and visual code as complementary. The paper concluded that the Ideal is functioning in the new context of modern anthropological turning-point. Key words:anthropological turning-point, the Ideal, cultural practice, Postmodernism, socio-cultural space

89-96

Authors: Tsebriy I.V., Openko V.V.

The analysis of the concept courtesy as a social and religious phenomenon of classical Middle Ages. Through the analysis of primary sources and philosophical and cultural literature, we are able to recreate the changing model of medieval society and relationships and etiquette in the middle of aristocratic status of the population, which replaced the early medieval model. Proved that Medieval culture defined mental development of Europe until the early twentieth century. Courtly love (fr. Amour courtois) – medieval conception of love, according to which the relationship lover man and his heart virgins likened the relationship between the vassal and his lord. Courtesy as a social and cultural phenomenon of classical Middle Ages had a great influence in shaping the minds of European consciousness until the early twentieth century. For the first time the concept of “courtly love” found in the poetry of the troubadours and palaces trouvère Aquitaine and Provence in the late eleventh century. The most important outlet for the formation of the ideal of courtly love made poet Ovid Roman Empire, whose treatise “The Art of Love” became ten centuries, an encyclopedia behavior enamored knight. The concept of “courtesy” and “courtly behavior” in the Middle Ages was complicated by Christian ideas about the cult of the Virgin Mary. So Beautiful maid, who had to serve a knight, and both became his spiritual image of love. In XII – XIII centuries the concept of courtly love and Medieval culture spread throughout Europe. The work of the German Gottfried minnesingers of Strasburg “Tristan and Isolde” – evidence of the impact of courtesy to all European countries. In England, the most significant monument of courtly culture was “Allegory of Love” Lewis. In Italy courtesy reached its highest rise in the XIII - XIV centuries in poetry “Sweet new style” poetic settings of the “New Life” Dante Alighieri, the sonnets to Laura Francesco Petrarch. In the “Divine Comedy” by Dante Miss Beautiful – Beatrice – is not only the “Platonic” mistress, but ecclesiastical leaders poet’s secrets Paradise. Thus, the outlet courtly ideal of refined behavior and manners, knightly service to the beautiful virgins expressed in a special combination fragile male and female beauty, subtle feelings and create a special “world of lyric lovers” reflected in the Gothic painting and art miniature XII - XIII centuries in art late Gothic XIV – XV centuries. Custodian courtesy and courtly culture was the palace of the Dukes of Burgundy. Echoes of courtly culture were all the rage at the “noble gallantry” XVII – XVIII centuries, the art of poetry in European Romanticism late XVIII – the first quarter of the nineteenth century. This problem is multifaceted and not limited to those studies have to date. In a further development it deserves: a study of the rules of etiquette “noble gallantry” XVII – XVIII centuries and determine where courtly culture heritage artists of European Romanticism late XVIII – the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Keywords: сourtly, phenomenon, troubadour, knight, “world Arthur”.

106-111

Authors: Saliy A.V.

On the basis of works by Polish writer and philosopher Jan Parandowski, the author examines the phenomenon of loneliness as a necessary context of the entire literary process. This is exactly how a specific understanding of the phenomenon of man and his/her uniqueness starts. Attention is drawn to a special role of historical realities, under which the pro-cess of formatting of existential problems in the new, post-war artistic world picture occurs. Especially when the typical antiwar pathos gradually begins to turn into existential one, shifting the emphasis on the fate of specific individuals, freedom of choice, need for perceiving oneself and the world around. The author tries to distinguish and define such concepts as inspiration and concentration in the creative process, which will directly depend on the experience of solitude, possessed by the artist. As a matter of fact, for Jan Parandowski himself it is obvious that without loneliness creator is capable neither of self-realization, nor of self-actualization. In this fact one can see the manifestation of the need for soli-tude and alienation of creative personality. In general, the following is unacceptable for the Polish thinker: the situation of presence of anyone else in those moments when everything will depend on his internal concentration, silence, and solitude, which is for him nothing else but mother of perfection. Keywords: author’s solitude, alienation of the individual, inspiration, cre-ative process, creative thinking

121-129

Authors: Kolokol V.A.

An article is devoted to the analyzing thesis of being inappropriate to set the natural and fundamental sciences against the social sciences as the common notion did. The conclusion is drawn to be possible to apply to the consistent methodology for these sciences. Natural sciences always had impact on the human world view. In the era of modern times the classical mechanics has formulated the principles of a mechanistic determinism. These ideas made an impact on the authors of the most known concepts in the philosophy of history. They considered civilizations as clockworks, which possess the determined scenario of development. In the 20th century the theory of relativity, opening a genetic code in biology and determined chaos in physics forced researchers to detect the general methodology. Synergetics, revealed at the end of the 20 th century, became a new paradigm for investigation of various sciences. The article presents the highlights of foundation for criticism of the most known concepts in the philosophy of history. Each concept, related to the philosophy of history, has got its weak spots. It is connected with the different empirical material, which doesn’t suit to the framework of this concept. The modern approach to the theory of Chaos allows speaking about 4 basic attractors, which govern an order in the Universe. These attractors are represented by dot attractor, cyclic attractor, attractor Toras and strange attractor. Authors on the reputed concepts in the philosophy of history distinguish civilizations within the cyclic attractor. Whereas their critics concentrate their attention on cultural phenomena, influenced by the strange attractor. It is concluded by the article that reviewing the history taking into account these four attractors would sufficiently complete the entire pattern. Key words:synergetics, attractor, bifurcation, philosophy of history

140-149

Authors: Shindaulova R.B.

This article analyzes the phenomenon of noohumanistic worldview, formulates its essential characteristics and estimates the potential of this worldview concept as a strategy in the context of the challenges which formulates the modern civilization. The central core of the “noohumanistic worldview” is the concept of “noohumanism”. The integral concept of “noohumanism” consists of the noospheric and humanistic components. The following features of noohumanizm were defined: civilization, globalization, systemic, worldview, personality-oriented, social-activity, axiological ones. They allow author to identify the main focus of one’s teaching projection, i.e., noohumanistic pedagogy as a productive new direction at modern education. The noospheric component of noohumanism also includes the scientific theories, such as quantum physics, which gives one’s own interpretation of reality which corresponds to this provision of the consciousness role. The natural science component of the noospheric component also includes some aspects of the hypothesis of the physical vacuum theory, other than those of quantum physics. The noohumanistic worldview is close to the ideas of critical humanism and humanistic universalism that focus on self-critical and responsible attitude of man to the universe and announcing the last one’s highest value. It is close to the classical humanistic worldview due to the focus on the achievement of values with their personal and social nature (the ideal of all-round harmonious development of personality), which includes natural conformity included into the educational field as a leading semantic component, self-knowledge and continuous self-education. The noohumanistic worldview is close to ecology-centered worldview in common installation on harmonious relations in the system “man-society-nature” based on the principle of co-evolution. The difference between them is that noohumanistic worldview along with ecology-centered component contains the noospheric, humanistic, natural science ones. Noospheric component underlines the psychological aspect: the noosphere is treated as a global universal psychological field, the main message is sent to the general idea −world-formed value of consciousness. On the basis of comparative analysis noohumnistic worldview with the close types of worldviews (noospherical, the natural sciences, humanistic ones) author determined its specific intrinsic attributes. As a result, the author defines noohumnistic worldview as an integral concept considered as a synthesis of trends in its components: ecology-centered, noospherical, humanistic, natural science. It was proved that noohumnistic worldview is mental, emotional and valued noohumnistic assimilation of knowledge, beliefs, skills, principles, expressed in a systematic and holistic outlook, which is an evolving concept of noohumanism-based skeleton, affecting an individual’s pattern of behavior. Keywords:noohumnistic worldview, noosphere, noohumanism, : ecology-centered worldview, co-evolution

162-173

Authors: Goncharova O.A., Taranenko G.G

The article deals with innovative activity as one of the most important components of modern cultural and educational space, based on the preservation and development of the creative potential and active life position of the personality. This space is characterized by the varied social conditions and is focused on the personality’s self-perception and readiness to meet new challenges. The authors have raised the issue of the creation of a new model of personality’s training to the innovative activity. This model is represented in the form of the scientific and methodological system, which takes into account the conceptual and methodological aspects of the readiness for the innovation. In the article the features of the innovative process are researched and the optimal forms of its implementation are analyzed. The authors have specified the efficiency of the existing standards of thinking of the personality while carrying out the innovative activity. The new approaches to the innovative development in the modern cultural and educational space are also mentioned. The article pays the attention to the features, which reflect the essence of the innovative activity. The main components of the innovative activity are identified. It is mentioned that the transition to the new standards and the introduction of the innovations into various fields will contribute to the personal self-development and therefore will harmonize his inner world and the cultural and educational space. It is emphasized that the research of personal innovative activity will be a result of smooth flow of innovative processes, the personality’s awareness of the sources and features of the implementation of various types of innovation classifications. Perfect management of the innovative activity in the modern cultural and educational space will also facilitate this process. The authors have proved that the successful implementation of the innovations depends on the efficiency of the innovative process. It will be possible if the aim of the implementation is formulated properly that allows personality to decide whether long-term use of innovation is appropriate or the implementation of the innovative ideas should be stopped. One more condition is the effective implementation of the innovations at all stages of its development and implementation. It also provides their logical and organizational connections and continuity, the correspondence of the innovations to the objective needs of social practice, to the professional, organizational, financial and other capabilities of those who implement these innovations. The consistency of the stages of the innovative process is also very important as the result of each stage is a prerequisite for the effective implementation of the following innovation. According to the philosophical and educational analysis of the innovative activity, carried out by the authors, the most important and essential factor that provides acceptable limits of the innovative activity is a system of values, which determines the efficiency and effectiveness of any innovation. The attention is paid to the fact that a modern person “who decides everything”, whose attitude and mental activity is based on the new standard of thinking, is the prerequisite for the success of modern innovations. Key words:innovative activity, cultural and educational space, personal self-development, specificity and structure of the innovative activity, harmonization of personality

184-191

Authors: Ignatyev V.A

The author comes from the assertion that the era of modernity has led to the erosion of religious culture. The consequence of the latter is to strengthen the syncretism of contemporary post-modern thinking. As a result of rational thinking it was replaced by a return to mythologem characteristic feature of which is logical in the background blur mystical and magical forms of thought that form the sacred simulacra. If such simulacra are starting to turn into a public-private, myths with fused into one political and religious factors. As a result, the ontological topology religion replaced ontical instrumentality. This results in a drastic destruction of religion than it does in the modern era. The roots of this relationship is the lack of philosophical and theological thinking of contemporary Orthodox culture. The crisis of thought at one time to Christianity led to the politicization of religion that, in the end, and shaped an entire era of atheism. In support of the idea of vitality syncretic thinking in modern conditions shows that with the beginning of the religious freedom of the late twentieth century. observed further politicization of Christianity from within. Since the introduction of the concept of «political hesychasm», which at the beginning of the XXI century has become transformed into the concept of «Russian World» – is none other than the religious simulacrum. As a conclusion it should be noted that the religious simulacra – quite tenacious forms of syncretic thinking that shows a lack of philosophical and theological thought and culture of the mental framework of dangerous socio-political conflicts. Keywords: religious simulacrum, syncretic thinking, hesychasm, the Russian world

203-211

Authors: Usanov І. V., UsanovаL. А.

The article analyses the anthropological problem of personal realization of human nature, which is caused by the way of its achievement. Ones double natural-ness defines opposite ways of personal identification. On one hand, the guide to the outside of the natural determinism and fatalism is a mask - пρόσωπον(lat. Persona, face, mask) which conceals and disguises the failure of withdrawn self-existence. Quite a different way and fundamentally new methodological approach are opened by the Christian Revelation, in which the man does not open his personal arrange-ment but it is opened to him. The mask is no longer a mask and disguise but be-comes the image detection of inner divine presence. So πρόσωπονreveals its se-mantic action and face mask changing face essential principle of existence. Thus, the human identity is the image of supernatural existence, made by typi-cal for the nature characteristics in individual performance on its own behalf One’s own position sets the focal distance that can fundamentally change the mythological space of its existence. The opinion of the world, the marginal posi-tion, disclosed in many philosophical constructs itself not given this world, though it means. Personality - is the distance, that expands the space of human existence on earth-heaven vertically or on horizontal of history between the past and the future, or in anthropological terms, external and internal, freedom and determinism. Keywords:Christian anthropology, identity, mask, image, marginal, symbol-ism, reverse perspective, self-identity

8-23

Authors: Kravchenko P.A., Melnik A.I

Post non classical methodology is based on the thesis of the problematic nature of operating by entities which were traditionally viewed as a large-scale subject of history and the media of historical sense (people, nation, state, etc.). They are too abstract to be real actors of history in terms of thinking and acting. The possibility of constructing of the global historical schemes, concepts is determined as doubtful. Some functions of ideological philosophy of history (racial, class which were dealt with efforts to develop global projects) were partially shifted to other areas of social and scientifi c knowledge, especially in theoretical sociology. The methodology of historical globalization came into being as well as “world-system” theory and historical projection of geopolitical ideas. The main characteristic feature and difference among these theories is the understanding of contemporary global and transnational processes in terms of retro perspectives of 500 years of the world history. The methodology of the historical globalistics turns round the historians from essentially humanitarian knowledge to social sciences. This direction of research occurs under the conditions of actualization of cultural-historical approach and the supremacy the concept of historical relativism. Eurocentric, linear and strictly deterministic concepts of traditional philosophy of history are denied in the article. The theories of cultural anthropology and synergy are prepared together with its methodological tools. Hence socio-historical existence again becomes existentially open to different possibilities Keywords: world history, geopolіtika, historical relativism, cultural anthropology, history and globalization methodology, postnonclassical philosophy, world-systemic teorіya Synergetics, sotsіalno isstoricheskoe-being, subjects of history, teoretichesskaya sociology, philosophy of history

35-40

Authors: Ludmyla Usanovа, Ihor Usanov

Based on the analysis of the processes of informatization of the society and the formation of a virtual communicative space, the authors reveal the mechanisms of their effects on human socialization. In particular, such characteristics of the network communication as anonymity, fragmentation, mosaic, frequency signifi cantly alter the space of identity, on the one hand, expanding its capabilities, on the other one, simplifying and unifying its forms. Key words: information technologies, communication sphere, network society, identity, multivariance

49-56

Authors: Kosenko V. D.

Formation of intelligence in each separate subject straightly depends on the social environment and social processes in society, historical development stage where it is, the experience of the individual, understanding the historical genesis of intellectuals bear the imprint of attitudes that has always formed in the concrete historical time-space. Because of this, intellectuals and intelligence is not only a product of reality itself, and there is the result of understanding social reality. Trying to consider intelligence as logical emergent from “intellectual” from humanity brings to it the intellectual elite, thus leveling its public importance. Intellectuals, in the sense of enlightened class, different ages and nations have common intrinsic features, independent of civilizational identity, but thanks to the concrete historical situation of domestic intellectuals formed their specific features. Intellectuals in the domestic culture, global replacement was the term “intellectual”, not just his counterpart, but a real alternative. Intellectual – concrete historical subject of social work, with established humanistic value system in which intellectual, ethical and aesthetic qualities serve in the integral combination, based on social practice unity of spiritual and sensual, whose work is creative and transforming himself society to meet the needs of humanity. The study of the phenomenon of intelligence grounded position that the basis for the modernization of Ukrainian contemporary social reality and reality is serving intelligentsia. Intelligence is the result of human interaction with objective reality which appears and is expressed in relation to the concrete historical social reality, expressing deep processes of interaction between objective and subjective needed and left in their dialectical unity, intelligence is a movement in the form of freedom, the most adequate, now possible, of a comprehensive strategy for human development. Keywords: intelligence, the phenomenon of intelligence, intellectuals, social development.

68-77

Authors: Vojnarovska L. I.

Philosophic and methodological strategies of the research of moral and valuable sphere of economic existence of a human are determined. It is shown that the conceptual dissatisfaction with the human condition in modern society due to the fact that it is rapidly changing society. It has almost ceased to be a “community of labor”, which grew a phase “consumer society” and began to transform rapidly into various forms of modern hedonism. It is argued that the neoliberal economy is oriented on profit, efficiency, competitiveness, dealt with in isolation from the broader social and human values such as justice, solidarity, social peace, dignity, security and welfare. In this regard, that is not only social tension that increases, but also an understanding that the current trends carry the term “dissolution” of society in the market. In this context, special attention deserves activities of theoretical thought directions that advocate the need for the orientation of society into “human economy”. It is established that in the economic knowledge a problem of social and value human life singled out into the concept of “economic rights”, which is the subject of “economic anthropology”. However, the concept of “homo economicus”, which is the basis of “economism”, leads to the destruction of areas of “transcendent,” “existential”, “moral”, “social”. It is alleged a need for rethinking the established system of values in the context of philosophical and economic knowledge. Keywords: philosophic and economic reflexion, philosophic and economic knowledge, value, moral, economic society, philosophic and economic knowledge, economic logic, economic anthropology.

88-98

Authors: Kravchenko D.M

The problem of definition and specific logical interpretation and value markers and their leading indicators (ID) personal identity Ukrainian. Based on the philosophical and cultural interpretation of what constitutes “personal identity” leading modern Ukrainian identity markers interpreted nationality (citizenship) and ethnicity. It is noted that the current socio-cultural identification processes in Ukrainian society take place in line with the social transformations and require significant individual efforts, as is a significant improvement of internal spiritual and moral and emotional qualities and moral values of each person. However, they are complicated choice of any cultural models for any period of time and doubts the authenticity of cultural traditions because of their adjustment to the interests of the masses. There is a need for socio-philosophical interpretation of the major features (markers and their components – identifiers) personal identification Ukrainian, which don’t contradict each other and contribute the splitting process identity. Identity (E. Erickson) is defined as a complex personality formation, which has a layered structure related to the three main levels of human nature: individual, personal and social. One of the current areas of study identity is its multi-partition and identify the leading marker. Defined as having two levels of identity – individual and collective. Individual level revealed through the personal and social aspects, the balance which provides the balance of identity sense, self-identity, according to the circumstances and possibilities. The parameters characterize identity as individuality, identity, community, integrity, solidarity, separability, value. Defining marker of national Ukrainian identity citizens have a positive perception of the nation, country and state. According to sociological studies in recent years, a positive trend change is the fact that most Ukrainian today proud of their country and consider themselves patriots. The last 4-5 years has seen an increase Ukrainian identifying themselves as citizens of Ukraine and «Europeans». Research civilizational identity markers Ukrainian defined as the prospect of further scientific research. Keywords: personal identity, identification, marker (indicator) identity, ethnicity, nationality (citizenship)

110-118

Authors: Skalatskaya H.V

The purpose of the article is to review the possibilities of the defi nition of fashion as a space, searching of the philosophical foundations for the analysis of fashion`s space. It was emphasized that multi-dimensional space allows using a physical concept of Aristotle for the analysis of the socio-cultural phenomenon of fashion, which is represented in physical space. The question is raised according to the failure of the defi nition “fashion” and the need for its consideration in a philosophical perspective. Discursivity of existing classifi cations of fashion’s concept in human discourse is shown. The main features of understanding of space in Aristotle’s concept which infl uenced the formation of this concept in the history of philosophy and physics are traced. The diffi culties are traced, which were determined by Aristotle in determining the place (topos), fi nding his family. The attention is focused on the strength, anisotropy, dynamism as the important properties of space. Aristotle`s understanding of the boundaries of existence of the object space is analyzed. The understanding of possibility of place comprises other place and to be itself in a certain place in the works of Aristotle, Roland Barthes, U. G. Legenky is traced. R. Barth`s position about correlation between the space of suit with the body, and fashion’s space is analyzed. It traced that, in accordance with the views of Roland Barthes, fashion makes adjustments to the space of suit with variability of its regulatory elements. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the space of fashion there is the dynamism of the space of suit. The vision of fashion of Ukrainian researcher U. G. Legenky as anthropomorphic space is analyzed. The possibility of expanding of categorical apparatus of philosophical study of fashion and suit with the help of the concepts, which are proposed by U. G. Legenky (spatial structure (centered, exchange, transcendence), the spatial transformation of tissue, “a dressed man”) is reviewed. The possibilities of application of the philosophical understanding of space for the analysis of fashion as an element of society are demonstrated. The author stresses that the space of fashion is capable simultaneously to be located in other space and accommodate any place (space). This layering of spaces is typical for social reality when the fashion infl uences and is infl uenced by other spheres of public life of the individual, and is experiencing internal changes (innovations, trends). It is proved that fashion is a space where new spaces are regularly formed (clothes, suit), the offset is occurred, which is related to the interaction between the structure and its constituent elements. The author concludes that the defi nition of fashion as space provides new opportunities of disclosure of its essence, because it acts as a general principle that unites its main properties (temporality, dynamism, dualism and others). Key words: space, place, dynamism, clothing, temporality, space fashion, space suit.

127-132

Authors: Yaroslav Blokha

The article exposes the values of religion in Ukrainian society. On the basis of the memoirs of a famous writer, social activist and human rights activist of the late XIX – early XX century. Vladimir Galaktionovych Korolenko, including his «Letters» for 1879-1921 biennium and «Diary» for the 1917-1921 biennium, the author concludes that this religion is a fundamental social values, as only true religion – the main factor in consolidating society, and the attack on it could lead him to moral savagery. Key words: religion, faith, value, value orientation, dogmatism.

144-151

Authors: Komaha L.G

The paper analyzes the process of changing the image and sense of science in the arguments of postpositivism. A logic of evolution of the concept of philosophy of science from a “paradigm” of T. Kuhn to set of competitive “research programs” of I. Lakatos. The article proves that science-centered tradition in philosophy of science a rationality carrier serves a science itself. Therefore, rationality is argued with special logic research of universal standards and procedures of knowledge justification, which is why it focuses on the canons of experimental methodology. Holistic adequate to the truths of knowledge and reality, image of science is created by a historical school of philosophy of science; its main subject of study is a dynamics of scientific knowledge. In historical meta-methodologies proclaimed that the task of philosophy of science is the reconstruction of the “internal” history of science as opposed anti historical interpretation of science in logical positivism. It is shown that from the perspective of a specific analysis of K. Popper, starting from critics verification (and more –inductivism in general), argues the rational development of science by “trial and error” with the elimination of falsified theories. “Alpha” and “Omega” of Popper’s methodology is a phenomenon of a theory as a set of universal statements and provisions, relating to all elements of the class. An important achievement of Karl Popper is the knowledge of the true meaning of two fundamental methodological principles– the principle of theoretical relativity and a principle of development of scientific knowledge. The concept of Kuhn on the role and importance of paradigm in ensuring of normal, cumulative development of science in the period between its noncumulative “jumps” – the scientific revolutions– was a compelling argument for a new methodological orientation in scientific knowledge. To further development of methodology of scientific knowledge, which was carried out by representatives of the philosophy of science, more important was the concept of I. Lakatos. He offers a new version of “sophisticated” falsificationism, but with a refusal of the “elimination of regulatory requirements hypotheses” that were not checked by experience. Thus, the logic and arguments of postpositvism significantly changed the direction of methodological research. Instead of the traditional argument on the importance of defining a subject and a method, a processing and a verification, the studies, that existing scientific schools and theories began rethink as research programs (paradigms), were put forward. The origin and evolution of these programs has been called into historical analysis and methodological reconstruction, including their desire to play “hard cores” and other components of the scientific performance evaluation in the context of the principle of “proliferation” Keywords: postpositivism, paradigm, philosophy of science, methodology, argument research program.

8-17

Authors: Kravchenko A.P, Moskalenko S.N.

The article examines the fate of the humanistic ideals by Karl Marx where a person is in the center. It is proved that «a dialogue», which is constantly going on between a person and nature, enriches both counterparts of the dialogue, «humanize» the nature and «naturalize» a person, and this endless dialectical process is directed to the harmony of» balance «,» humanism «and» naturalism «which were called as communism by Marx. Eventually it is hardly possible to look for common things between the Marxist philosophical system and the reality of life. As the reality was «alien» for perfect ins and outs by Marx, he decided to change the reality and began developing a scientific theory of the political transformation of the socio-political circumstances of the real life. Initial humanistic and existential philosophical position of Marx was actually buried under a deep layer of ideological, political, «naturalistic» and other strains. Therefore a Marxist philosophy came into being in the 80s - 90s of XIX century. But Marx did not find political ways of the revolutionary realization of the communist ideal and at the end of their life at the pages of the third volume of «Capital» which was then posthumously published by Engels had to recognize the futility and vainnes of this kind of research. The theory of communism as well as communism itself is considered to be problematic today. If a developed capitalist society changed into something like that which might be compatible with the Marxist idea of communism, it would not ever happened with revolutionary way but an evolutionary way as a single method of gradual transformation of one ianother. The real difference between socialist and bourgeois revolutions was much greater than that which is disclosed in the works of the classics of marxism. Keywords:democracy, dictatorship of the proletariat, capitalism, communism, class struggle, marxism, socio-economic formation, the proletariat, socialism, the socialist revolution, the production of commodities, market competition

29-39

Authors: Slobodyanyuk D.I.

The article is attempt to prove the statement about domestic tradition of inward human being’s life’s investigating (during its existent-period of XI th – the 40ies of XIXth c.) as one of the conceptual and theoretical sources of Pamphile Yurkevych’s philosophical-anthropological doctrine. The back-bone of the tradition, its cardinal principles and essential phases of becoming and progress from XIth to the 40ies of XIXth cc. were substantiated thoroughly. The conceptual connection of Pamphile Yurkevych’s philosophical-anthropological doctrine and theoretical heritage of the tradition’s representatives was revealed in succession. The key difference between Pamphile Yurkevych’s philosophical-anthropological doctrine and dominant anthropological concepts of XIX th century was properly distinguished due to comparative analysis. The thinker’s philosophical-anthropological doctrine is the most valuable component of his conceptual and theoretical heritage. The problem of human being is basic for the whole diverse creative work of P. Yurkevych. This fact is not casual; therefore anthropological problems have been being leading not only in European, but in domestic philosophy of the middle of the XIX th c. as well. There were a few concepts about human being’s provenance, essentiality, place and role in the world, elaborated at the philosophical anthropology of that time. The philosophical-anthropological doctrine of Pamphile Yurkevych has its peculiarity. It is the orthodox anthropological doctrine according to its content and form, basic principles of which were ascertained due to Bible and Christian thinkers’ works. The deep investigation of the philosophical-anthropological doctrine of Pamphile Yurkevych affirms the fact of Pamphile Yurkevych’s philosophical-anthropological doctrine’s other conceptual and theoretical sources’ existence. The domestic tradition of inward human being’s life’s investigation – from XI th to the 40iesof XIX th cc. – tends to be one of the fundamental. We are certain in the fact that Pamphile Yurkevych’s philosophical-anthropological doctrine is defective in its known aspect in case of this tradition’s absence as for domestic philosophical concept. Keywords: God, spirit, soul, inward human’s life, inner man, cordocentrism, moral choice, orthodox anthropology, freedom, heart, heart’s philosophy, happiness.

48-70

Authors: Kravchenko P.A., Melnik A.I

Non-classical analysis methodology of history comes from the fact that the position of the researchers are not considered to be absolute, as the sphere of their research is limited by research tools. Therefore the idea of plurality, additional description of reality and research methods due to the study of methodological support appears. Scientific objectivity is understood as an intellectual assent, the combination of multiple perspectives, but reflection of means and methods of knowledge– as a condition for achieving objectivity. But from historical part of view the past very quickly gains features of stable inevitability, so it negates any options of the development. The past is a given essence where there is no place for possibility. If we accept that the future is probable by its nature, hence it is also incredibly difficult to predict the future as well as to interpret the past. Differentiation of these scientific problems is connected with various scientific instruments. Post non classical methodology appears. Its distinguishing feature is constantly growing awareness of the idea that a science is a social institution and that is why the scientific pictures of the world predominantly determine the goals and values of scientific activity. The criterion of science is not the truth or justice but the efficiency which is determined by the objectives of economic and socio-political nature. The position of the researcher is treated as an integral part which is embedded in the structure of the object under consideration and the scientist is not only an observer, but also a part of the reality which is studied. The border between the subject and the object of cognition disappears. The subject together with its method is part of the object which leads to complete destruction of the idea about the existence of an absolute observer. The process of cognition at the same time gains the features of the process of reality constructing. In this study the researcher not only opens the content but designs it as well when extrapolating its practical understanding on the language of their science. Keywords:«time axis» existential history, human civilization, historical pluralism metaphysics of history, nonclassical methodology, pluralistic and cyclic approach, transformation, philosophy of history, the history of civilizational paradigm, cycling history

81-88

Authors: Chugay O. M.

The article reviews the theoretical doctrines, considering the challenges of globalization in the socio-cultural dimension. The studies determine the essential features of globalization and the prospects of its impact on the pace and direction of cultural and civilizational process. The debate on the effects of globalization affecting philosophical and ideological problems of the world order. The term «globalization» in the scientific revolution came rather late. It was first taken in 1983 by the American T. Levitt in an article in «Harvard Business Review». But it has gained popularity thanks to the work of the American sociologist R.Robertson. Since then, the term has been widely spread and has received use not only in the scientific knowledge, but also in public relations – politics, journalism and even in everyday life. Discursive analysis of the problem shows that historically the term has long been designated as the extension of a common culture, language, architecture and lifestyle at different times. But to our days its basic constructs defining the character of globalization were multilevel geopolitical factors, ranging from ancient Greece and Rome, Britain at the time of colonization, and ending of unidirectional US influence in our times. Researcher V. Voronkova notes that globalization – is a complex process that combines the interpretation of identities and differences of universalism and particularism. V.V. Lyakh believes that globalization creates unstable world in which transformation affecting all spheres of social and individual life. Jean Baudriyard holds the view that the West has become the dominant force and it is the destruction of other civilizations. A.Nazarchuk classifies the methodological approaches to the systematic study of globalization. In diversity literature two opposite directions are traced: some authors believe that globalization will give positive impact to stabilize social relations, while others believe that it is a preparing for a social revolution. Despite the different assessment of prospects, based of their criteria imposed rethinking the historical experience of socio-economic development of different eras. Key words:globalization, civilization, historical periods, theoretical doctrine, socio-cultural dimension.

98-106

Authors: Usanova L. A. , Nesterenko M. M.

The article deals with the implementation of gender-marked leadership qualities is investigated. It’s also examined the causes of gender asymmetry and its mechanisms, in particular horizontal and vertical segregation of the labour market. Horizontal gender segregation reflects the established division of professions and fields with «female» / «male» that is governed by rules, restrictions, and special exceptions. The consequence is not only the difference in the activities, but also the difference in pay and socio – economic inequality. Vertical segregation means uneven distribution of women / men for positions and statuses in the hierarchy of jobs. Such distribution reflects deep-rooted gender stereotypes regarding abilities and character of activity, in particular the separation of gender roles on instrumentalists and expressive ones. Mechanisms of career discrimination include the principle of «glass ceiling» that reflects the artificial barriers based on an established relationship or in the organization of the prejudices that hinder the promotion of qualified employees for management positions, which makes them inaccessible for women.The article also deals with the gender differences of representation of leadership qualities of the personality and attitude of public opinion to a leader – the woman. It is noted that there are different expectations and requirements for managers in the society depending on their gender, the nature of their activities, their qualities and behavior. The different gender activity is the motivation, priorities, professional identity, selection criteria career, job evaluation, and the labour statement . The General analysis of leadership characteristics leads to the conclusion that the traditional opposition of male / female qualities, the division into instrumental and expressive areas of activity inferior to their combination. In particular, among the leadership there are self-confidence and expressiveness; the vigor and external expressiveness; the influence and patience; intelligence and sociability etc. Gender analysis of leadership is not only detects problems of women, but also the conditions of successful implementation of both women and men. Keywords:leadership, gender stereotypes, gender segregation of the labour market, female, male.

118-125

Authors: Movchan М. N.

The article examines fear as an important part of human existence. Showing the level of fear for his intensity (anxiety, fright, dread, fear, horror, panic). Anxiety – objectless fear is caused by human imagination or thought about the possible adverse outcome. Anxiety unique to humans. Fright – intermittent be strong emotional experience, as a reaction to a sudden, unexpected danger. Dread – is the primary form of fear, resulting in indecisive assessing a situation that can cause fear. Fear – state that expresses the uncertainty in search of safety, which is due to real or perceived threat of biological or social existence and well-being, while providing for a certain time, the individual self. Horror – this fear is extremely large forces, accompanied by stupor (depression) persons. Panic (or panic) – confusion that suddenly covers a person or a lot of people and blocks will and ability to rationally assess the situation and make any resistance. Considered as a specific phobia phenomenon is directly related to human fear. Phobia – obsessive inadequate experience fears specific content. The necessary conditions phobias are: stability, intensity, irrational fear and obsession. Phobia in the human environment as much as most people, things, objects and phenomena. In person they can appear at any age (pochynayachy from early childhood). Keywords:levels of fear, anxiety, fright, dread, fear, horror, panic, phobia.

137-146

Authors: Lempіy A. O.

In the article the philosophical concept of personal identity proposed by the American philosopher Daniel Dennett. Based on the major scientific works of the philosopher, author of the study describes a specific «Multiple Drafts Model», which is offered as a replacement to a widespread Cartesian Ego centrism. The self-consciousness concept in philosophical system of the American philosopher is based on his own understanding of the nature of human mind. Being the opponent of idea of the soul and body dualism, Dennett suggests to refuse non-constructive mixture of mental and physical predicates on advantage of the functional approach to a consciousness problem. The principle of functional research of consciousness, in turn, assumes to use two methodological innovations – exterior intentionality and heterophenomenology. The first concept is connected with objective predisposition of the individual to any sort to action, which is set by surrounding conditions of his existence. The second describes a general philosophical project on achievement of objective knowledge about human consciousness that can be described bot only by means of intuition but also in terms of external contemplation. Dennett underlines, that a typical representation about selfhood is based on the statement that to any judgement, image or mental phenomenon there should be corresponded some «point of view». The point of view is a certain position in space of consciousness from which a person perceives and reconstructs a beheld phenomenon. Dennett asserts, that the presence of such «central place» of our mind is nothing more than an illusion because there is no unique reference point in our brain from which any thoughts and impressions would be systematized. Multiple Drafts Model, represented by the philosopher, is an attempt to deny the Cartesian Ego-centralized tradition by means of declaring selfhood as the center of «narrative gravity». Keywords: identity, consciousness, «Multiple Drafts Model», «Cartesian theater», narrative

157-183

Authors: Петро Кравченко, Ярослав Блоха

Протягом усього періоду існування на факультеті не переривається багаторічна традиція участі студентів під керівництвом викладачів у науково-дослідній роботі. Фундамент цієї традиції заклали перший ви-кладач історії і географії Полтавського учительського інституту М.М. Тарасов, а згодом – відомі професори-історики Д. І. Багалій, І. Ф. Рибаков (перший декан тодішнього історико-філологічного факультету), О. М. Васильєва, Н. Ю. Мірза-Авакянц та інші. У середині20-х років в інституті здобував освіту майбутній директор інституту історії АН України О. К. Касименко. У довоєнні та повоєнні роки тут працювали випускники вузу доценти П. І. Шебітченко, С. О. Данішев, М. І. Малич. Уславили інститут його випускники, учителі історії, Герої Радянського Союзу А. І. Дробаха і П.І. Клепач.

6-16

Authors: V.N. Shapoval

The article outlines the most important issues facing people in today’s society. These problems are caused, first of all, by gaining pace of globalization. Man nowadays is called a free being, as he was never in the history . However, a closer look reveals that it is nothing more than an illusion. Structure and function of modern society are largely determined by the media. The present state of society is called «revolt of the masses». Control the masses and maintenance of order in society is impossible without manipulating the mass’es consciousness, including the media as a medium. Moreover, the media took over the function of satisfaction the spiritual hunger that modern man has been suffering. However, the product that they enforce man, leads only to the devastation and degradation. Despite the artificiality of the modern world, there are realities which we are not able to ignore. One of the most concrete and inexorable of them is the death of everyone, who borned on the earth. Awareness of this fact makes a person’s life deeply tragic and partly even absurd. Man can not live in a posture of absurdity and nonsense. One of the most important way of his continuous spiritual activity is filling the world by meanings. This process can be based on a mythological, philosophical or natural science foundation. However, it is absolutely necessary both for the individual and for society as a whole. Problems of modern society are growing faster than their solutions. Finding a way out of the crisis has been gone on by «creative minority», while masses or «uncreative majority» causes these problems. Outcome seems in the way of forgetting the harms and contradictions, to forget what divides and find common ground that unite individuals and nations. In the face of impending economic, demographic and environmental disaster a task to find the means and the chances of survival of humanity should become a priority. Keywords: man, information, consciousness, spiritual necessities, manipulation.

27-35

Authors: L.A. Usanova , I. V. Usanov

The prerequisites of changes methodological tools of humanitarian cognition and the formation of modern historical narratives are considered. The idea of variety of historiography discourses diversity is analyzed using the example of gender analyses of history. The features of the problem field in «gender history» and features of «women’s writing», which are representing a woman as the author and a woman as a subject of history are investigated in the article. Modern social culture transforms change either imagination about the world and human being or the way of its comprehension. New dimensions of culture being reproduced, give the new methodological approaches where non capital and variety become prominent in spite of structuring and certainty, which are typical for mechanistic, the constructivist view to the world. The aim of this article is to research a methodology of gender analysis of history. There are tasks for its realization: to consider theoretical backgrounds of changes in methodological principles in historical writing, to analyze the content of gender approaches in history and the specific of «women history». The historical material doesn’t testify about the typicality of events and algorithms of its research, but about their uniqueness and variety of types of its historical development. Here takes place a turning from the single meta narrative to the variety of them, reorientation from the idea of « exact« prediction of the future to the idea of its variability the idea of Antihistoricism. The language and discourse, which are recognized as main factors of creating a social reality, get a special status in this research. The themes, that provide another view to the history, in particular, the women’s point of view, are getting a special value. Gender history is an attempt to perceive a woman as a participant of history, not only as an object of it. It allows to reproduce not only one general view of the past, but the reality that had been seen, lived and written by women. This approach allows to refute a row of constant stereotypes. To prove that earlier got knowledge about the past isn’t «only and full» in case that there was not a woman with her ideology, the value system that differs from the men’s one. And to prove that display of gender in history (stereotypes, norms and identity) are not universal but culture-determined by different political histories, socio-historical characteristics, traditions, ruling practices in relations between sexes. The change of historical discourse needs the change in the language style, destroy of constant approaches, which are traditionally associated with man’s writing. Researchers define some features: consistency, structures, hierarchy of content. As women’s writing is characterized with detalization, specification, shifting attention from the concrete event to the «backgroung» which created and mediated it from the pass-through Idea to multivariate test. As a conclusion, we need to note that becoming of gender analysis of history has shown that the dyhotomical thinking should be the main principle of the new method of reconstruction of the past. It means the ability to look at one event or phenomenon from different points of view – men’s and women’s And to find either differences or similarities. Keywords: historical narrative, gender methodology, «women’s writing», «women’s history».

46-56

Authors: Ye. I. Raspopov

This article considers the main approaches and understanding of contemporary immortality a deep philosophical and anthropological problems. This problem has a wide range of research through which you can isolate different ways of interpretation and interpretation of all that is included in the concept of «immortality». Treatment immortality there from the standpoint of the religious world view, scientific and historical and philosophical generalizations, despite the large number meta-narrative generalizations immortality possible variations, the problem of death and immortality is needed to study the aspects of social life, cultural and religious and spiritual. Because of the dichotomy of «life – death» problem immortality reveals itself most deeply. Most often scientific immortality understand natural basis of the possibility of radical extension of life up to the achievement of biological immortality, the search for optimal socio-economic models of social order, consisting of immortal individuals. Immortality raises outlook as well as individuals who wish to obtain physical immortality and believe that this achievement is quite possible scientific means and believe that immortality is a boon to all mankind. Given current trends scientific world view, immortality closely correlated with research in the natural sciences, whose ultimate goal is to develop methods of radical life extension. Nowadays, as the only way «scientific immorality» developed in the US, where it was formed from the mid 60›s XX century within the movement supporters «cryonics biology». Of course, a significant role in the emergence of the US, and the whole world immortality played a «Russian biocosmizm». One of the most important places in today›s Nature - research and philosophical - the humanities to the problem of achieving immortality. One indicator of this shift may be the institutionalization movement supporters immortality, reflecting the presence of a significant number of individuals with high levels of awareness, which is inherent desire to save himself. Many believe that the problem of the immortality of man reveals himself through the problem thanatology - death. Proponents and researchers religious world view at everyday world based on faith, as the main core of religion insist on believing in the existence of the «afterlife» after death and immortality possible. But before that is taking place in mythology definite ideas based on sense-shaped components of the concept of «thanatos». The author shows the close relationship problems immortality and religious outlook. Actually, the idea of immortality in religion closely reflected the formulation of the problem in the scientific worldview. However, the principles of solving this problem were different: science was based solely on empirical evidence and rational basis. Therefore, based on comparative analysis and meta-narrative approach exists to illustrate the relationship of natural scientific concepts and importance of religious ideas immortality. But somehow in spite of such a huge number of generalizations possible variations immortality problem of life, death and immortality is needed to address the problem in terms of social life, cultural and religious and anthropological. Keywords: adoration, athanasia, suspended animation, biocosmizm, gerontology, obstruction, immortality, thanatology, uvenology, «homo immortalis».

70-80

Authors: V.A. Ignatyev

Scientific actuality of the problem is based on the fact that there are controversial views on hesychasm from academic classical philosophy and theology standpoint. This is the subject of our analysis. The primary purpose of the research is seeking for reasons of contradictory attitude to hesychasm as between followers of practical hesychasm and reception of domestic academic sphere’s representatives as among narratives of theorists of the Eastern religious and philosophical discourse. Negative or at best indifferent attitude to Hesychasm as well as to Palamitic doctrine still exists in philosophical and theological discourse. This is explained by the influence of Western classical philosophy, originated from the Aristotelian philosophy. Western European Christianity reproduced Aristotelian Essentialism in the form of Thomism, increasing primacy of entities and normativeness of discourses. This created philosophical and theological conditions for the negative perception of Hesychasm in the fourteenth century, equating vigorous theology with heresy of Messalianism, Pelagianism or Semi-Pelagianism. Therefore open criticism of Hesychasm was started first by Catholics and later by Lutherans which formed anti-Palamitic argumentation. On the other hand the decline of Byzantium did not lead to adequate deepening of Palamitic theology discourse. Hesychasm is still insufficiently researched and internally contradictory philosophical and theological discourse. The main difficulty is that Hesychasm was developed in theological discourse, based on the content and form of theological discourse of the fourteenth century. But if vigorous theology was considered from the standpoint of dogmatic question, theological issues in the 20th and early 21st centuries has the specific of “anthropological turn”. It means that theological idea meets with philosophical anthropology. It sets up quite complex dialogue of controversial methods, semiotic systems of non-classical paradigm of philosophizing that began to form general philosophical and cultural field study of the Hesychasm phenomenon not only religious, but also a wide philosophical, cultural aspect. Domination of the classic abstract metaphysical intellectual paradigm that emerged on the absolute rationalism, is one of the main reasons of Hesychasm’s historical underestimation. And although classical discourse of Logocentrism has started to form during Modern times, but its metaphysical source was associated with Aristotelianism, which was the basis of medieval Western philosophy. Non-classical metaphysics was also formed in the early Middle Ages or period of Patristic. Neo-Platonism was non-classical element of philosophical and theological paradigm in Christianity. He laid the vigorous discourse as an alternative to Logocentrism. Despite general norm in modern philosophy to consider the Eastern paradigm as a variant of Neo-Platonism, we think that Christian Personalism formed entirely new philosophical and theological tradition, which we propose to call as Nonclassical one. Finally we can say that contradiction of narratives in religious and philosophical discourse of Hesychasm shows the incompleteness of Palamizm’s system. Internal polemic of Palamizm indicates that this doctrine is still living and it must receive further development in the theological and philosophical discourses in the context of Post-classical philosophical paradigm. Keywords: Hesychasm, Palamism, neo-palamizm, discourse, logocentrism, personalism, the classical paradigm, the non-classical paradigm

96-104

Authors: I. Tsebriy

Analyzed through a combination of philosophy of Zoroastrianism and Islam encyclopedic chronicle the history of Iran’s distinguished Humanist tenth century Abulkasim Firdousi, The relationship Avesta religious beliefs, the Bible and the Koran, revealed major areas of research on the problem of mythological, philosophical and poetic value chronicle “Shah-nameh” in the history of the peoples of Southwest Asia. In no single scientific point of view on religion prominent Iranian humanist who lived in the Islamic era. He professed traditional Zoroastrian values. Therefore, the author aims to analyze the correlation zoroastiyskyh traditions and artistic heritage of Islam in Abulkasym Fіrdowsi (934-1020). As was fitting for the ancient tradition of the Persians and Tajiks, Fіrdowsi father gave his son a decent education, he was fluent in two languages literary (Farsi and Arabic), Pahlavi learned culture, history, mathematics, astronomy and architecture. Brought up in the spirit of respect for their historical roots, young Ferdowsi admired folk epics, legends and myths, Zoroastrian Avesta, Pahlavi was reading books. The people he became known as “Khakim” (Sage). The author of “Shah-nameh” is now recognized by the international community “the best poet in the history of Islam.” Fіrdowsi was a Muslim. Despite the sincere patriotism and love for the history and culture of ancient Iran, he lived with faith and devotion to Allah Islamic tradition. At the beginning of “Shah-nameh” fine poet in verse form about his religious beliefs. When we read today immortal work “Shah-nameh”, we can see that Ferdowsi was aware Bible knew the first and second books of Moses, represented the biblical six days of creation, and also recognized the Arab era. Dying in poverty and oblivion public philosopher hoping that time will put everything in its place and its epochal work will be remembered with great gratitude. Fіrdowsi without friendship describes attack Arabs and death Iranian army, and cowardly murder of the last Shah of Sassanid dynasty Yezdyherd III. Despite the fact that for three centuries before the birth of the Iranian philosopher and poet Islam became the dominant religion in Iran, most of the region’s population continued to make indigenous peoples. They contemptuously treated the Arab culture.“Shah-nameh” and to this day is invaluable encyclopedia of the history of ancient Iran, where a poetic form set outphilosophical, moral, religious and aesthetic views not only Fіrdowsi, but worthy people of his era. The image of an educated, morally perfect man, reproduced in “Shah-nameh”, despite the fact that the millennium has passed, still attractive today. Great work and poetic chronicles his particular style of poem later became the subject of imitation. However, none of the poets could write a work of this magnitude. We followed it working out Zoroastrian culture as it permeated through. This description Avesta and customs, vision mobed-Iranian priests act of creation of the world and place it in human aspirations for truth and goodness, conviction lies and revenge, chanting generosity. However, for the prominent Iranian philosopher and typical ethical values of Islam: the recognition of the leading role of Muhammad, the great prophet of their own supplies to the Islamic world, the use of Arabic chronology and more. This problem is poorly understood at present and requires deep analysis. Promising directions in its research consider the following: coordination bases Zoroastrianism and Islam in modern Iran, and research issues of war and peace in the creative interpretation Abulkasіm Fіrdowsi. Key words:Zoroastrianism, Islam, tradition, values, Pahlavi.

114-125

Authors: Yu. V. Linnik

The article is devoted leadership of Metropolitan Volodymyr (Sabodan) in the formation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate. The events covered in the article there in the late 20th century - early 21th century. The importance and need for research on this subject is dictated by science and religious studies contemporary needs orthodoxy. The author tries to describe Metropolitan Volodymyr as Primate, as individuals, as Ukrainian. Article unique in that some of the events in his life, character traits Vladyka appears complete picture of Metropolitan personality from the big letter. The researcher does not try to justify his actions in Vladimir and actions, instead by a task leaves of young scientists. He implies that the other choice was not in the Vladyka. The most important idea that permeates all research - the nature and spirit of Vladimir. Step by step, thought by thought and by proving that Metropolitan - Ukrainian and patriot his homeland. In just 22 years, he built genuine Ukrainian church. Church with pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian sentiments. He managed preserve the integrity of the church. Even during the celebration of the anniversary of the Baptism of Kievan Rus in Kyiv, he kissed with dissenter Filaret (Denisenko). This symbolic kiss could mean the union of Orthodox churches in the future and reconciliation between the UOC MP and UOC-KP. All the affairs Vladimir devoted to God and Ukrainian people. The last years of his life he was very ill, infirm body was strong spirit. He dreams of a single autocephalous Orthodox Church and has everything in his power despite of policy of the Russian Orthodox Church. Doubtless that during its chairmanship of the church is the heyday of the church. Opening religious schools, increase parishes and monasteries increase, of course, is to his credit. Apparently, in addition to its characteristic features, he had to implement everything on time. It should be mentioned that Vladyka supported along with other heads of churches, Ukraine’s desire to be in the European Union by signing despite the Church - Mother of the UOC-MP did not support his step Vladimir. We always envelops Unfortunately, when life get away from the people who made the world better, who just loved life, Motherland and Ukrainian people that their daily actions and deeds, showing an example to others. The greatness of this man can fully comprehend only over time. Despite the fact that soon after ordained Vladimir could not keep the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the split, he managed brilliantly to minimize its effects and contribute to the consolidation of the Orthodox community. Patriarch Filaret has created a situation that made it impossible for the peaceful coexistence of two streams of Orthodoxy, but it is worth remembering that the split took place primarily at the level of the Church hierarchy, while the Ukrainian Orthodox community was his hostage. And Filaret and Volodymyr tried to build a national church, only Vladimir, unlike Filaret had to do under the constant supervision of Moscow and pressure canonical restrictions, which are self-proclaimed patriarch has not acted. Nevertheless, the UOC-MP became a national phenomenon. We will remember Metropolitan Vladimir as head of the church and just our compatriot, whose life and activity is a model for every Christian and Ukrainian. His asceticism and devotion causing immense respect and made it is important not only for us but also for future generations. Metropolitan Volodymyr Ukrainian Orthodox Church cherished and professed Christian values that the vast majority of Ukrainian lives. Like the Metropolitan Vladimir preserving and multiplying treasures of our Ukrainian Orthodox spirituality, Ukraine will develop a European, civilized, cultural and spiritual country. Keywords: Ukrainian оrthodox сhurch, metropolitan Vladimir, autocephaly, peacemaker, pastor.

135-146

Authors: A.P. Kravchenko , P. M. Moskalenko

Only in love and due to love a human being becomes a person. A man without love is defective, deprived real life and deep emotional feelings and unable either to act efficiently or understand appropriately other people and himself. Escaping from loneliness we are seeking protection with other people. And only in case we profess love for people, we can attract them and gain their confidence. This is the way we can explain our love to other people. Though we can love not only a human being. To love our nature is very important for us. But love for nature doesn’t mean love for its beauty. Certainly, there are a lot of beautiful things in nature i.e. trees, flowers, birds and animals. Love for nature means love for your country, and it is patriotism. Patriotism has a lot of varieties. The first one is love for your home place: the place where we grew up, our old friends and familiar faces and landscapes, smells and sounds. Love for our home place is associated with our lifestyle. It’s love for a local dialect and rarely it’s love for a mother tongue. As I see it, it is called love for our Ukraine. Even plants and animals love their land: many trees and flowers attach to their land, air and water, and they immediately fade, dry and change if they are transplanted. Cranes, swallows, swans, storks and other migratory birds come back from beautiful countries to their cold native land, to their shabby nests. Many animals would rather allow to be killed than to leave their native areas, their homes or food, and if they are forcibly pulled out from their habitual conditions and moved to other lands they can die because they are homesick. There is another type of love to your native place – it is special relation to the past of your country that dwells in people’s mind (Kyivan Rus, Zaporizian Sich), great deeds of our ancestors: Severyn Nalyvayko and Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Mazepa and Pavlo Polubotok. This past obliges us, it is as if it offered us some guarantee, and that’s why we can’t betray it. Thus, love is one of the deepest aspirations of human spirit. Among other things L. Feuerbach mentioned that in love “ you can’t be happy if you don’t make happy another person even unintentionally… The more happiness we give to other people, the happier we are.” There are three perspectives in person’s mind: he learnt lessons from the past, creates ideas in the present and predicts the future. Consciousness transforms person’s love into wonderful, exciting memories and allows it to embrace the complete happiness and gives flickering hope for new enjoyment in future. Love has never existed as completed feelings at the moment of its realization. And that’s why love is always exciting memories and happy expectations. Keywords: motherland, desire, dignity, trust, woman, ideal, love, beauty, love, pleasure, platonic love, respect, necessity, aspiration, wonderful, nature, values, honour, man.

157-165

Authors: Yu. Yushchenko

In the article inspects the problem of the status of philosophy in higher medical educational establishment, substantiated a value of philosophy in the process of ideological and professional formation of future doctors and disclosed important aspects of its interaction with medicine. Recently in Ukrainian society a question of whether in fact there is a real need for compulsory study of some social and humanitarian subjects in high school has been widely discussed. Such disciplines include culturology, sociology, political science, philosophy, religious studies, and history of Ukraine. According to the author, nowadays, the prestige of medical profession is impossible without basic competences, extensive practical training, faithful performance of professional duties, required by medical and healthcare professions, and the appropriate level of philosophical culture. In higher medical education institutions students study philosophy as a fundamental humanitarian discipline to master the basics of the world-view culture and skills of abstract thinking, which correspond to current requirements and are necessary minimum for creative thinking, ability to critical analysis of ideas, views, opinions of independently thinking individual, a physician, citizen and scientist. The article states that the philosophy remains the only comprehensive subject that students consider unnecessary in current educational environment. Thus, the formation of positive attitude of students to study philosophy has become challenging issue nowadays. Nowadays the philosophy is becoming more democratic, tolerant to preciseness and starts to participate actively in the formation of responses to the historical “challenges” of the epoch. It is acquiring the status of thinking habits of individual of modern society, bringing it closer to an adequate understanding of complex realities of the environment it lives in. Current development of medicine advances special demands to physician’s philosophical culture. Philosophy is no longer interpreted as a secondary discipline in training of highly educated medical personnel. It is becoming a necessary component of self-determination in modern drama and complex world. Furthermore, this leads to significant update of its didactic function in the process of conceptual and professional formation of a physician of the 21st century. Physicians, who are seeking for new ways to advance medical science and improvement of their professional activities, are always feeling in need of philosophical knowledge. Conclusions. Mastering the basics of philosophical knowledge helps student to become professional expert with the ability to think widely and deeply and act independently. The philosophy promotes creative thinking, helps in the study of clinical disciplines, serves as the basis for perception of new ideas, and uses the acquired knowledge to solve the specific tasks. Consequently, new approaches and mechanisms for forming a positive attitude to the study of philosophy, as well as the need to change existing stereotypes in the society should be found in the process of training of medical students. Keywords: high education, medicine, philosophy, quality of professional training, the educational process.

175-205

Authors: Петро Кравченко

Славетна історія історич ного факультету Полтавського національ-ного педагогічного університету імені В. Г. Короленка була започатко-вана заснуванням Учительського інституту та Історико-філологічного факультету в Полтаві