Historical studies of social progress

16-20

Authors: BIRIOVA O. U.

The article is devoted to the research of the Cossack regiments. The historical conditions of settlement are characterized. The reasons of the creation of Cossack regiments in the territory of Slobidska Ukraine are investigated. The population and features of the administrative structure are analyzed. The areas of location Cossack regiments are considered.

27-32

Authors: ABAKUMOVA V. I.

After the national historiography had refused the Marxist paradigm there began a search of new methodology which consists of principles and methods of knowledge. The author of this article offers the vision of approaches of a man during transitive periods of history. The author is confident that the attempt to outline the key points of the problem will be useful for researchers varying periods of history. Please note that the development of history occurs rhythmically. This is like an alternate repetition of two phases named balance (stability) and variability (transitivity). The historian has to take into consideration the dynamic and pluralistic nature of the valuesʼ system in the study process of human in the transitive society. The historian of the transitive society has to take into consideration one important aspect. This is the nonlinearity of the development which is typical for the transitive society. It complicates the prediction of the global social processes. This is when the role of a chance gaining of fundamental importance. The focus of human factor in history may conceal some dangers. The first thing is that the search of causal connections which means evidences pointing to the nature and motivation of a particular social group which consist of individuals is a cause that probably destined to the wrong judgment. The second thing is that the research of people (country) in a definite period dispersed at the levels of specific individuals can turn to the history of the elite. In fact this is the voice of the elite recorded in historical documents. Also there can be the wrong investigation of the social group if it is based on the example of a man with a low social status. The historian shall take into consideration that the integrated understanding of the relationship of individual, social and universal in historical and social development is extra complicated. The original source of changes has to be found in the human. This fact has to draw the historianʼs attention to locally-civilized approach. The locally-civilized approach focuses one's attention on describing the uniqueness of individual cultural and civilizational complexes, on the explanation of the genesis' causes of this identity, reproduction and transformation. The preference of the locally-civilized approach leads to the fact that the transitive periods being between past and future, undergoing of the pressure are "the completely independent condition of the sociocultural systems those are differ from stable, inertial periods of the development". The consideration of each system as a unity of order and chaos is the prerogative of the synergistic approach. This methodological approach is based on such factors as nonlinearity, instability, unpredictability, alternative development, the greatest human responsibility for his actions in acute regimes functioning systems. At such time intervals human can stimulate the development of tendencies that are able to destroy the system. The synergetic combines the idea of evolutional approach with multiplicity of historical process and multidimensionality of history. The synergetic will be greatly important for the researches of the transitive periods of history because the feature of transitivity is an unpredictable behavior of systems in the periods of unsustainable development which has been clarified above. So if there is any rigid political system in the society which has been built with a help of strict hierarchy's principle can be completely ruined after even one not very important element is ruined too.

39-51

Authors: BELASHOV V. I.

In the article the author conducted a review of publications on history of the Oleksanr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University from the foundation to the present. The study is a characteristic of the current historiographical tradition and of sources on the university’s history. The task is to distinguish the types of historical works, which reflect the stages of HNPU development. Object is a complex of publications which reveal the content of the formation, development, reorganization, the current stage of the university, its teachers and graduates’ achievements who have made a significant contribution to the enrichment and improvement of pedagogical fields of science, culture and art. The source base of the problem can be divided into the following groups: 1. Official documents presented in reports on 1891 – 1913 years. They systematically reflected quantitative composition of teachers and students of the Institute and financial component of teaching institution maintenance. 2. Memories of graduates and teachers: O. D. Ovcharenko, E. I. and T. I. Poliarush and I. Shkap. They systematically reflected the daily lives of teachers and students in the 1910 – 1960's. Historiographical developments on the issue are represented by groups of works: 1. Monographic practices of local history, which reflects past and present of the institution (Belashov V. I.); 2. The one-man and group essays on the history of the Institute and methods of upbringing (V.V. Zaika, I. V. Moshyk, L. I. Zadorozhna); 3. Abstracts, messages, articles on the Hlukhiv University’s history and its famous students.

59-67

Authors: CHAPLYGIN V. Р.

peculiarities of its formation. The influence of Manichean, Scythian and other border cultures with the Slavic world in the modern mentality of Russians is shown. In Slavic folklore attention focuses on the antithesis of "Truth-Injustice". It can be summed up that a straightforward opposition of good and evil, the emotions the characters are in black and white characterized the original public consciousness of the Slavic ethnic group: either joy or sorrow. Such dualism in the original culture was common to all peoples. But the idea of synthesis polarity made its way firstly into elitist culture, and then became the property of the general population. However, the problem of overcoming the extremes in Russia delivered only in the end of XIX century. This search was not high demanded practice. After the October uprising of 1917 in Russia prevailed only one pole. At present, the formation of the middle culture begins, and this process will continue for a very long time because the socio-cultural division of society is not overcome. As a result modernization in present conditions is constrained largely because of the lack of support of the general population. The study of the nucleation of Russian centralized state around Moscow leads the author to the conclusion that even the beginning of the XX century in Russia had not developed a unified type of consciousness. Country at this time was a peculiar social phenomenon. On its territory there were enclaves of different types of civilizations. They were European, Islamic, Buddhist and others. Accordingly, there were different types of social consciousness. As a result, attempts to mechanical transfer to Russian soil the western type of public consciousness every year enhance its rejection.

80-85

Authors: MASLOV O. O.

Circumstances of death in November, 1943 on the 4th Ukrainian front of the general -lieutenant V. A. Homenko ordering 44 armies and his deputy on artillery of the major general of S. A. Bobkov are considered. Both dead are referred to category of irrevocable losses of the highest of the command commanding structure of the Soviet armed forces of the period of the 2nd world war at special circumstances. The source study analysis of earlier classified documents of military intelligence of Romania (1943), by won of counterintelligence of the USSR (1944) and memoirs of the Soviet military leader D. D. Lelyushenko is for the first time carried out. It is specified a number of mistakes and doubtful statements in these materials. The reasons which led to a tragic situation (carelessness, rashness of generals, lack of a continuous front line, etc.) are described. It is told about reaction of the Soviet military management to emergency, on character very rare for 1943 and the next years of war (disbandment of 44 armies), its conclusions after completion of investigation (a ban to military leaders, in positions the commander above personally to take the wheel of the car in areas of military operations, etc.) . On the basis of not published documents of archives of Russia (Moscow, Podolsk) for the first time made an attempt of writing of the scientific biography of S. A. Bobkov. It is emphasized that circumstances of death of generals remain up to the end not found out because of quality of the sources bearing on themselves an ideological shade. Questions and problems which should be solved for elimination of contradictions in the studied documents, full and comprehensive clarification of circumstances of death of generals are designated. It is indicated the need of publication of all documents on business which are stored in archives of Russia, and especially, protocols of interrogations of the German prisoners of war involved in a tragic case.

89-93

Authors: BROVKO A. H.

The article is devoted to Pavlo Stepanovichy Korobka who was the Ukrainian enlightener and a patron of art of the Chernihiv province. A vital way and public activity of philanthropist is probed in the article. It is shown P.S. Korobka’s publicly useful activity and his contribution to the development of native town Mrin. Exactly here It is here for his assistance an initial two-year college, Stone Virgin Church, Leonidiv handicraft school for boys, Ludmylivskyy female school, hospital, hospice, reading-rooms, fire brigade, teahouses, brickwork, weaving and weave-baskets workshop were built and equipped. Special attention is given to educational institutions – a trade school and Ludmylivskyy Girls School of Agriculture and Home Economics gardening, which provided training specialists in agriculture, which in turn made it possible to ensure adequate staff countryside and contributed to a more rational use of land resources and improve the financial situation of villagers. It is displayed their role and importance to the society of those times. Prominent place in the article is devoted to Ludmylivskyy Girls School. It is shown the internal rules of the school, the learning process; covers the history of the institution and a brief description of its activities.

99-112

Authors: KRYZHANIVSKYI V. M.

Materials for biographic dictionary "Research and educational staff of Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hluhiv National University in 1952-1991". The report reconstructs courses of life and science of research and educational staff who worked in Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hluhiv National University in Soviet time.

115-119

Authors: LATYSH Yu. V.

The article reviewed the book «Ukrainian Trotsky. Texts of Leon Trotsky Ukraine», which attempt to define the place of Ukraine in theoretical heritage L. Bronstein.