Historical studies of social progress

16-20

Authors: BIRIOVA O. U.

The article is devoted to the research of the Cossack regiments. The historical conditions of settlement are characterized. The reasons of the creation of Cossack regiments in the territory of Slobidska Ukraine are investigated. The population and features of the administrative structure are analyzed. The areas of location Cossack regiments are considered.

27-32

Authors: ABAKUMOVA V. I.

After the national historiography had refused the Marxist paradigm there began a search of new methodology which consists of principles and methods of knowledge. The author of this article offers the vision of approaches of a man during transitive periods of history. The author is confident that the attempt to outline the key points of the problem will be useful for researchers varying periods of history. Please note that the development of history occurs rhythmically. This is like an alternate repetition of two phases named balance (stability) and variability (transitivity). The historian has to take into consideration the dynamic and pluralistic nature of the valuesʼ system in the study process of human in the transitive society. The historian of the transitive society has to take into consideration one important aspect. This is the nonlinearity of the development which is typical for the transitive society. It complicates the prediction of the global social processes. This is when the role of a chance gaining of fundamental importance. The focus of human factor in history may conceal some dangers. The first thing is that the search of causal connections which means evidences pointing to the nature and motivation of a particular social group which consist of individuals is a cause that probably destined to the wrong judgment. The second thing is that the research of people (country) in a definite period dispersed at the levels of specific individuals can turn to the history of the elite. In fact this is the voice of the elite recorded in historical documents. Also there can be the wrong investigation of the social group if it is based on the example of a man with a low social status. The historian shall take into consideration that the integrated understanding of the relationship of individual, social and universal in historical and social development is extra complicated. The original source of changes has to be found in the human. This fact has to draw the historianʼs attention to locally-civilized approach. The locally-civilized approach focuses one's attention on describing the uniqueness of individual cultural and civilizational complexes, on the explanation of the genesis' causes of this identity, reproduction and transformation. The preference of the locally-civilized approach leads to the fact that the transitive periods being between past and future, undergoing of the pressure are "the completely independent condition of the sociocultural systems those are differ from stable, inertial periods of the development". The consideration of each system as a unity of order and chaos is the prerogative of the synergistic approach. This methodological approach is based on such factors as nonlinearity, instability, unpredictability, alternative development, the greatest human responsibility for his actions in acute regimes functioning systems. At such time intervals human can stimulate the development of tendencies that are able to destroy the system. The synergetic combines the idea of evolutional approach with multiplicity of historical process and multidimensionality of history. The synergetic will be greatly important for the researches of the transitive periods of history because the feature of transitivity is an unpredictable behavior of systems in the periods of unsustainable development which has been clarified above. So if there is any rigid political system in the society which has been built with a help of strict hierarchy's principle can be completely ruined after even one not very important element is ruined too.

39-51

Authors: BELASHOV V. I.

In the article the author conducted a review of publications on history of the Oleksanr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University from the foundation to the present. The study is a characteristic of the current historiographical tradition and of sources on the university’s history. The task is to distinguish the types of historical works, which reflect the stages of HNPU development. Object is a complex of publications which reveal the content of the formation, development, reorganization, the current stage of the university, its teachers and graduates’ achievements who have made a significant contribution to the enrichment and improvement of pedagogical fields of science, culture and art. The source base of the problem can be divided into the following groups: 1. Official documents presented in reports on 1891 – 1913 years. They systematically reflected quantitative composition of teachers and students of the Institute and financial component of teaching institution maintenance. 2. Memories of graduates and teachers: O. D. Ovcharenko, E. I. and T. I. Poliarush and I. Shkap. They systematically reflected the daily lives of teachers and students in the 1910 – 1960's. Historiographical developments on the issue are represented by groups of works: 1. Monographic practices of local history, which reflects past and present of the institution (Belashov V. I.); 2. The one-man and group essays on the history of the Institute and methods of upbringing (V.V. Zaika, I. V. Moshyk, L. I. Zadorozhna); 3. Abstracts, messages, articles on the Hlukhiv University’s history and its famous students.

59-67

Authors: CHAPLYGIN V. Р.

peculiarities of its formation. The influence of Manichean, Scythian and other border cultures with the Slavic world in the modern mentality of Russians is shown. In Slavic folklore attention focuses on the antithesis of "Truth-Injustice". It can be summed up that a straightforward opposition of good and evil, the emotions the characters are in black and white characterized the original public consciousness of the Slavic ethnic group: either joy or sorrow. Such dualism in the original culture was common to all peoples. But the idea of synthesis polarity made its way firstly into elitist culture, and then became the property of the general population. However, the problem of overcoming the extremes in Russia delivered only in the end of XIX century. This search was not high demanded practice. After the October uprising of 1917 in Russia prevailed only one pole. At present, the formation of the middle culture begins, and this process will continue for a very long time because the socio-cultural division of society is not overcome. As a result modernization in present conditions is constrained largely because of the lack of support of the general population. The study of the nucleation of Russian centralized state around Moscow leads the author to the conclusion that even the beginning of the XX century in Russia had not developed a unified type of consciousness. Country at this time was a peculiar social phenomenon. On its territory there were enclaves of different types of civilizations. They were European, Islamic, Buddhist and others. Accordingly, there were different types of social consciousness. As a result, attempts to mechanical transfer to Russian soil the western type of public consciousness every year enhance its rejection.

80-85

Authors: MASLOV O. O.

Circumstances of death in November, 1943 on the 4th Ukrainian front of the general -lieutenant V. A. Homenko ordering 44 armies and his deputy on artillery of the major general of S. A. Bobkov are considered. Both dead are referred to category of irrevocable losses of the highest of the command commanding structure of the Soviet armed forces of the period of the 2nd world war at special circumstances. The source study analysis of earlier classified documents of military intelligence of Romania (1943), by won of counterintelligence of the USSR (1944) and memoirs of the Soviet military leader D. D. Lelyushenko is for the first time carried out. It is specified a number of mistakes and doubtful statements in these materials. The reasons which led to a tragic situation (carelessness, rashness of generals, lack of a continuous front line, etc.) are described. It is told about reaction of the Soviet military management to emergency, on character very rare for 1943 and the next years of war (disbandment of 44 armies), its conclusions after completion of investigation (a ban to military leaders, in positions the commander above personally to take the wheel of the car in areas of military operations, etc.) . On the basis of not published documents of archives of Russia (Moscow, Podolsk) for the first time made an attempt of writing of the scientific biography of S. A. Bobkov. It is emphasized that circumstances of death of generals remain up to the end not found out because of quality of the sources bearing on themselves an ideological shade. Questions and problems which should be solved for elimination of contradictions in the studied documents, full and comprehensive clarification of circumstances of death of generals are designated. It is indicated the need of publication of all documents on business which are stored in archives of Russia, and especially, protocols of interrogations of the German prisoners of war involved in a tragic case.

89-93

Authors: BROVKO A. H.

The article is devoted to Pavlo Stepanovichy Korobka who was the Ukrainian enlightener and a patron of art of the Chernihiv province. A vital way and public activity of philanthropist is probed in the article. It is shown P.S. Korobka’s publicly useful activity and his contribution to the development of native town Mrin. Exactly here It is here for his assistance an initial two-year college, Stone Virgin Church, Leonidiv handicraft school for boys, Ludmylivskyy female school, hospital, hospice, reading-rooms, fire brigade, teahouses, brickwork, weaving and weave-baskets workshop were built and equipped. Special attention is given to educational institutions – a trade school and Ludmylivskyy Girls School of Agriculture and Home Economics gardening, which provided training specialists in agriculture, which in turn made it possible to ensure adequate staff countryside and contributed to a more rational use of land resources and improve the financial situation of villagers. It is displayed their role and importance to the society of those times. Prominent place in the article is devoted to Ludmylivskyy Girls School. It is shown the internal rules of the school, the learning process; covers the history of the institution and a brief description of its activities.

99-112

Authors: KRYZHANIVSKYI V. M.

Materials for biographic dictionary "Research and educational staff of Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hluhiv National University in 1952-1991". The report reconstructs courses of life and science of research and educational staff who worked in Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hluhiv National University in Soviet time.

115-119

Authors: LATYSH Yu. V.

The article reviewed the book «Ukrainian Trotsky. Texts of Leon Trotsky Ukraine», which attempt to define the place of Ukraine in theoretical heritage L. Bronstein.

14-17

Authors: GRYBENKO O. M.

In this article the author pointed out of the features of the judical system structure at the time of Ukrainian revolutionary parliament. After creating the General Secretariat of Legal Affairs,the Ukrainian Central Rada decided to get down to reformation of the judical system.First of all,it was necessary to start creating a higher legal authority.On November 1th,1917, the socialist revolutionary M.Tkachenko became a commisioner of legal affairs. On November 7 th,1917,the name "general commissariat of legal affairs" was replaced by the "general secretariat of legal affairs". The judical system of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UPR) was divided into judical appelate chambers.The jurisdiction of the Kyiv Appelate Court applied to the territories of Kyiv,Poltava,Chernihiv,Volyn,and Podillia provinces;the Kharkiv Appellate Court-to the territories of Kharkiv and Katerynoslavsk provinces; the Odesa Appelate Court-to the territories of the city of Odesa, as well as Kherson province and Dniprovsky district of Tavria province. According to the modern researcher O.M.Myronenko, the judical system of Ukraine was subordinate to the central power,"During the first months after the revolution ,the judical system in Ukraine was hardly different from the one in the other territories of Russia, where the Temporay Government abolished the court martials, the rural "special presences" and the positions of zemsky chiefs, renewed the activity of the courts of peace, which had been abolished in Ukraine in 1889,and made the legal authorites complaint with the first edition of "Legal Institutions 1864",expect for Odesa and Kharkiv". The elections of judges were held by means of secret ballot. The candidate,who won the majority,was considered to be elected, expect for those cases when it was necessary to win 3/5 votes of the present members of the Ukrainian Central Rada. Key words: The General Secretatiat of Legal Affairs, The General Court of UPR, the appelate court, the prosecutor, the ministry of legal affairs, nationalization of the legal system, the military, the revolutionary military courts, the police, the free Cossacks, the Prosecutor's office.

23-30

Authors: SYDOROVYCH O. S.

Based on comprehensive analysis of decisions, resolutions cooperative congresses and meetings, review the terms of their conduct investigated the contribution of these gatherings in solving urgent problems of the cooperative movement and consumer cooperatives in particular left-bank Ukraine. Consumer society faced with organizational and legal problems since the birth of the cooperative movement in the region. These issues should pay attention to several key that troubled co-operative society. The first thing to remember inadequacy of the legal procedures for establishing the consumer society, the introduction of so-called "normal statute" in 1897 did not deprive the founders of consumer societies be heavy procedure of " chain of command". Also on the beginning of twentieth century was an acute problem of combining purchases societies and creation of associations of a higher type, such as consumer associations. The creation of such unions needed a careful coordination and preparatory work which could be launched only at congresses. Equally was important the problem of the interaction of consumer societies other type of cooperatives, especially with credit. Cooperators were disturbed withthe sale of goods to external customers (not members of the cooperative). Namely: was it applicable to external customers as well as to charge bonuses to members of the cooperative. Not less acutewas problem of instructor helpbecause inexperience of leaders rural consumer societies often leded to mistaces in the work. Therefore the cooperative congresses helped in sharing the experience and developing necessary recommendations for solving the issues of the cooperative movement. It has been determined that those were the congresses and conferences, which served to the cooperative community of the region as a platform for exchanging experience and decision-making, necessary for steady development of the consumers’ cooperation of the studied region. Thus, the cooperative congresses and conferences, which were taking place during the studied period, can be divided into two categories – the common Russian and the regional ones. At the congresses of the former category – the Moscow one of 1908 and the Kyiv one of 1913 – the participants considered the issues of the consumers’ cooperation of the whole country, including those related to the development of the consumers’ cooperation in Left-Bank Ukraine; while the regional congresses were concentrated on the problems of building the consumers’ cooperation in this region. The resolutions of these congresses were of a very great importance, because they pushed the cooperative resources of the region to the right direction. Holding of those congresses promoted tight unity of the cooperative community of the region in solving the vital issues of building the consumers’ cooperation.

38-43

Authors: VERHUNOV V. A., HLAZUNOV H. O.

The National Scientific Agricultural Library of the National Academy of Agricultural Science of Ukraine is a unique institution with is foundation dating back to the crucial years of 1920-ies – 1930-ies. The Soviet government, while implementing the collectivization and industrialization policy, wanted to create a new "face" of the country. As part of the new course was the creation in 1931 as part of the Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Central Industrial agricultural library. Formation and development of the Institute during 1935 - 1964 years is close connected with life of Alexandr Fedorovich Korneyev. He was born in 1886 in the working class family. During 1917 ‑ 1932 years in the Soviet Union he makes a quick career from food Bohoslav Commissioner to the prosecutor USSR People's Commissar of Justice, member of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of National Economy. O.F. Korneyev was a man of his time that`s why he receiveded a higher education in Institute of Marxism during the 1924-1929 years. For almost thirty years his life was associated with Central Agricultural Library. Even for his leadership since the second half of 1930 the library began to produce summary and bibliographic collection "Review of Foreign Literature of Agriculture economy "(in 1952 were published 52 issues). From the Great World War II O.F. Korneyev moved to Soviet Kyrgyzstan. While the library remained in the occupied Kharkiv and not only avoided being destroyed, but was successfully functioning during the years of occupation. With restoration of the Soviet authority, the agricultural library became headed by the "old" administrator. The institution quickly restored its previous scientific potential, and by the year of 1944 its staff comprised 23 people, including 7 scholars and 9 workers specializing in library management and production. In the middle of 1955-ies, the Central Scientific Agricultural Public Library (CSAPL) became an important book depository for specialized literature in the agricultural area, comprised of 250 thousand copies. During 1956 – 1962, CSAPL was part of the trade structure of the Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Science. At that time, O.F. Korneyev raised a question of building new premises for the stock of the agricultural library.For the sake of justice it is worth mentioning that this idea was accomplished by his successors. In 1964 78-year-old O. F. Korneyev was discharged from office.

52-58

Authors: MASLOV O. O.

A work is an important part scantily explored by political and ideological motives of Soviet historiography problems irretrievable losses of the generals’ corps of the Armed Forces of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of the topic is in the context of the ongoing counting casualties of Ukraine 1939 ‑ 1945 years. Values of human life in the Soviet military actions, the contribution of the Ukrainian people in the defeat of Germany, character causes, scale and consequences of the loss of senior officers of the Red Army. Covered all the main categories of losses. It is told about 21 person killed in action as a result of impact of battle (firing) means during the Kyiv defensive operation, the battle of Kharkiv, the battle of Kursk, and a lot of other mainly strategic operations; about two people murdered by the Germans in captivity and two people shot due to political reasons in the USSR and afterwards rehabilitated (they did not participate in military actions), two people, who committed a suicide (to avoid being captivated), three people, who died of disease (two ones were from the effective armed forces), and one person, who died in an accident. Found on the basis of the exponential base commanders documents (personal affairs, accounting and service records of cards) and the Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense Military Education (Moscow) and the Central Archives of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Podolsk, Moscow region). In the scientific circulation introduced the figure of losses Ukrainians generals ‑ 31 person, but about the vast majority of them first learn how about Ukrainians. When considering the causes of losses drawn attention to the fact that a number of commanders could escape death if not for the political exercised by engagement, military incompetence of J. Stalin . Some commanders died due to their own inadvertence. Attention is paid to the question of national identity of an outstanding commander, the general of army I. D. Cherniakhovskyi, which has been actual for Ukrainian and Jewish people for the last 70 years. On the basis of the documents from Ukrainian and Russian archives, the version of his Jewish origin, set forth by certain scholars of Israel, the USA, Western Europe and Ukraine, is totally disproved. It is especially underlined that the determined cause of loss of Ukrainian generals is not final, because the plan of further research, dealing substantial bureaucratic barriers, in the archives of Russia, where the main array of documentary materials on the studied issue is concentrated, has been developed.

63-74

Authors: BAKALETS O. А.

Monuments of material culture left over from ancient peoples who inhabited the territory of the Bar’s land of Podillya are important historical sources. Scientists can objectively examine the major stages of formation and development of human civilization on the territory of Ukraine and our region in particular. The author make an attempt to analyze over 40 Tripol , Cherniakhiv , Gothic settlements, Scythian burial mounds, a number of archaeological monuments discovered by archaeologists and ethnologists, historians in the Bar area at different periods , placed in the founds and exhibitions of Bar District Historical Museum and other institutions of Vinnytsia Oblast . The territory of Bar district is rich in archaeological monuments which appurtenants to VI millenia BC - VI century. BC A substantial contribution into studying archaeological monuments of Barschyna was made by the following famous Podillian archaeologists: Y. Sitsinskyi, V. Zahoruiko, V. Prylypko, P. Khavluk, I. Zaiets, D. Hopak, S. Ryzhov, B. Lobai, B. Mahomedov, V. Kosakivskyi, V. Shumova, V. Voskolup, L. Vynohorodska. During the 20th – beginning of the 21st centuries, almost ten archaeological expeditions were working in the territory of the region. They were organized by the Vinnytsia State Regional Museum of Local-History, the Institute of History, Ethnology and Law of the Mykhailo Kotsubynskyi Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University and the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine. The results of these studies are reflected in the scientific reports of expeditions, regional, district and city periodicals, collections of Vinnytsia Local-History Conferences, in the materials of the 1st International Conference "Bar. Land of Bar in the Light of Centuries" (2008). According to our calculations, in the land there have been registered 40 settlements of ancient people – tumuls, 6 settlement of the age of Buh-Dniester neolith (6th – 5th millennia BC) (villages of Kosharyntsi, Kuzmyntsi, Mizhlissia, Malchivtsi, Vereshky and Martynivka), 12 Trypillian settlements of the age of aeneolith (4th – 3rd millennia BC) (villages of Yaltushkiv І,ІІ,ІІІ,, Bryhydivka, Mankivtsi, Komarivtsi, Khodaky, Voinashivka, Pylypy, Polove, Haiove and Kolosiivka), 5 ones of bronze age (2nd – 1st millennia BC) (villages of Vasutyntsi, Symenky, Seferivka, Barski Chemerysy, city of Bar), 5 settlements and 4 tumuli of the pre-Scythian (8th – 7th centuries BC) and Scythian period (7th – 3rd centuries BC) (villages of Komarivtsi, Kolosiivka, Haiove, Ukrainske and Ivanivtsi). Numerous findings settlements of Еastern Slavs, descending to Cherniakhivska, Velbarska and Komarivska cultures of 2nd – 5th centuries AD, revealed along the rivers of Moschanka, Ladova, Riv and their tributaries near the villages of Mytky (tract "Zoloti Kluchi"), Harmaky, haiove, tract "Barske", Mankivtsi, Yaltushkiv, Seferivka, Verkhivka, Kuzmyntsi, Huli, the city of Bar (Kaptsanivka). The fragments of pottery items in the expositions of the Bar District Museum are the evidence of the most popular trade of the local population – creation of the molded table and kitchen ware; and the presence of foreign ceramic dishes, made on a throwing wheel, as well as Roman coins – denarius, sesterces and asses are evidence of active exchange of goods between the local inhabitors and the Byzantine cities of the Northern Black Sea Coast as well as the Roman Empire. Among the museum exhibits, the presence of scores of silver, bronze, copper, brass and iron jewelry from Cherniakhivske and Gothic settlements of 2nd – 4th centuries AD is evidence of presence of skilled blacksmiths and jewelers in our land.

88-94

Authors: KRYZHANIVSKYI V. M.

This article deals with first memoirs’ publishing of Polyarush family about intelligent life in Hlukhiv during 1960-th.

99-101

Authors: KOVALENKO Yu. O.

Short articleis devoted to the work of the author within the archaeological site locations battles of World War II on the territory of the Chechen Republic (Russia) in autumn 2013

107-115

Authors: HYRYCH Ya. M.

The articles deals with the analysis the quality and quantity of three International scientific conferences for young scientists and students "Hlukhiv scientific readings" (2011 – 2013)