International Journal of Research and Review

1-6

Authors: Prabhakar Kotte

Micro Finance has been recognised and accepted as one of the new development paradigms for alleviating poverty through social and economic empowerment of the poor with special emphasis on empowering women. Microfinance, by definition, refers to the entire range of financial services rendered to the poor and including skill up gradation, entrepreneurial development that would enable the m to overcome poverty. Various Self Help Promoting Institutions and Non-Government Organisations have been recognized as an entity in the micro finance concept specially in providing credit plus services. NGOs, which were initially confined to the social aspects of development, were enlarged to help the poor and weaker sections of the rural society in their economic pursuits. The Self Help Promoting Institutions are agencies which help the poor to organize themselves into groups, help them in their organizational, managerial and financial matters and in upgrading their skills and in some cases, in countering pressures from vested interests. There have been a wide variety of Self Help Promoting Institutions in the SHG movement in the country ranging from government agencies to the NGOs, Farmers Clubs, banks and Individual Rural Volunteer.

11-18

Authors: Dr. G.M. Purani

As the rationalizing and aging personnel of such a leading state- owned public sector unit is facing tough competition with the rivals especially in the area of cellular services, its marketing activities can be examined in relation to product fair play of the organization because product success have power to allow marketers to gain competitive advantage. This study aims to examine the relationship between persuasive combination and product fair play in context to Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Vadodara. The survey questionnaire was administered to prepaid cellular service users of BSNL. The findings reveal on positive relationship among different dimensions of preferment combination and product fair play of BSNL as one of the cellular Service providers (CSPs) in Vadodara.

31-38

Authors: Dr. G.M. Purani

The study goals to measure and relate the actual preference and superficial expectation level of prepaid cellular services users in Gujarat Telecom Circle. In this study 235 respondents were randomly considered for investigation in civic area of Gujarat State by consisting the variables like; superficial quality superficial value, perceived expectations; repurchase likelihood, Customer complaints and price tolerance. Our research model is based on American Customer Satisfaction Model (ACSM) the collected data conclude customers’ high level of perceived expectations, superficial quality and superficial value. The findings also conclude on positive attitude of highly satisfied customers on repurchase likelihood and willingness to pay more money to sustain the services where as customer complaints are negatively correlated with customer satisfaction in Gujarat Tèlecom Circle. In conclusion, the findings suggest that customers have high expectations that are fulfilled by the mobile phone services providers to some extent in Gujarat Telecom Circle.

43-53

Authors: Neha Chandrakar, Jaya Lalwani, K.K. Sahare, Smriti Bandhu

Background & Objective: Postoperative pain relief is a major concern for reducing postoperative morbidity. Patient controlled analgesia is a better technique for pain relief and for avoidance of drug overdosing and abuse. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is commonly assumed to imply on-demand, intermittent, IV administration of opioids under patient control (with or without a continuous background infusion). Tramadol and nalbuphine are two potent analgesic drugs with different mechanism of action in the central nervous system. Tramadol is a weak opioid agonist and is used in mild to moderate pain relief. Nalbuphine is a newer opioid drug with antagonism at μ receptor and agonism at κ receptor. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy and side effects of these two drugs in PCA for postoperative pain relief. Method: 80 patients ASA I and II, 40 patients in each group undergoing major abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia were allocated in these randomized, controlled, double blind study. They received either 10 mg tramadol or 2mg nalbuphine through PCA pump at complaint of pain. Pain assessment was done with visual analogue scale (VAS). Pain and sedation assessment was done at 30min, 3hrs, 6hrs, 15hrs, 18hrs, 21hrs, and 24hrs in postoperative period. Adverse effects and time of its occurrence, hemodynamic parameters, and respiratory rate were assessed for 24hrs. Vital parameters were monitored hourly for 24 hours. Result: VAS score decreased with time in both groups. Mean VAS score at starting of PCA was 5±0.75 in Tramadol group and 4.775±0.69 in Nalbuphine group. The difference was not statistically significant. (p>0.05).After 30 mins mean VAS score was 3.8±0.79 in Tramadol group and 2.95±0.64 in Nalbuphine group. Both groups VAS score decreased with time but more in Nalbuphine group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Sedation score decreased throughout the study period. But mean sedation score was significantly more in nalbuphine group. Nausea was observed in 15% and 4% respectively in Tramadol group and Nalbuphine group. Vomiting was observed in 6% and 0% patients respectively in Tramadol group and Nalbuphine group. No other side effects were seen. The comparison of side effects between the two groups was statistically significant.(p<0.05). Conclusion: I.V. Nalbuphine bolus administered through PCA is better for postoperative pain management after major abdominal surgery.

58-68

Authors: Samuel Lakew

The Purpose of this study was to assess factors that affect active learning method in Debre Markos University specifically sport science department Students. This study was delimited only on second and third year students of Debre Markos Sport Science students. It is believed that inclusions of a large population size in the study could have a great value so as elicit more credible information. However, while the process of the research it was limited on a limited number of participants. The researchers included 50 students (from second 20 and third year 30) and 10 instructors of sport science department by using simple random sample techniques. An effective teaching method requires the use of different instructional methods and pedagogies to the difference individual needs of the learners. Active and teaching involves the use of different strategies which are helpful in maximizing opportunities for interaction. In this findings however, the study revealed that the majority (74%) of instructors employ lecture methods so frequently. Therefore, instructress use teacher cantered a method which is lecturing and the probability of students to interact/participate in different activities is low. The result of study revealed that the awareness instructors towards active learning and its contributions respond was found to be high. But there are numerous problems that tackle them to implement in classroom such as large class size, passiveness of students, lack of recently revised and updated books, lack of resources to fully implement furthermore, from this result it can be deduced that most of the instructors are still with an ideology of teacher cantered approach. To minimize these problems heads have to discuss with concerned body. It is advisable that continuous and extensive orientation should be offered to the instructors, on both theoretical and practical aspects of ALM, so as to enhance their awareness and gradually shift their tendency from teacher dominated to learners focused toward instructional approach.

74-77

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

In the rapidly growing manufacturing sector, the economizing of the processes is being seen as important area for cost effectively. The heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, nickel etc. needs to be removed from wastewater. The precious metals like gold, platinum, silver etc. are used in electronic industries, mobile and computers. The electronic waste and waste jewelries, catalyst industry waste and catalytic converters contain considerable amount of platinum. The platinum removal and recovery is necessary from ecological and economical point of view. The current review summarizes research and studies on platinum recovery from liquid and solid waste.

82-84

Authors: B. Syam Sundar, Vissa Shanthi, Nandam Mohan Rao, Bhavana Grandhi, Ankita Goel

Filariasis is a major public health problem. It is a parasitic infection most commonly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. The clinical picture of the disease depends on duration of the disease, infection in the human host and worm load. We present an unusual case of testicular filariasis who presented with scrotal swelling.