Journal of Coastal Life Medicine

932-934

Authors: Nader Hajizadeh, Najibeh Shirzad, Ali Farzi, Mojtaba Salouti, Azra Momeni

Objective: To investigate the ability of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from East Azarbaijan, Iran in bioremediation of resorcinol. Methods: Resorcinol biodegradation was evaluated using spectrophotometry and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Results: This isolate was able to remove up to 37.12% of resorcinol from contaminated water. Reusability experiments had confirmed the biodegradation process which produced seven intermediate compounds. These intermediates were characterized by gas chromatographymass spectroscopy technique. The products of resorcinol biodegradation were apparently 1, 4-cyclohexadiene, nonadecene, 2-heptadecanone, 1-isopropyl-2-methoxy-4-methylbenzene, hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, phenol and 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl). Conclusions: The findings revealed that Pseudomonas sp. is able to degrade resorcinol. Because of being an indigenous organism, this isolate is more compatible with the climate of the northwest region of Iran and possibly will be used for degradation of other similar aromatic compounds.

944-948

Authors: Muhamad Firdaus, Setyawati Soeharto

Objective: To evaluate hypoglycemic, free radical scavenging and improving antioxidant enzymes activities on diabetic-induced streptozotocin rats by Sargassum polycystum (S. polycystum) extract. Methods: The seaweed extract was obtained by maceration, concentration and freeze drying, respectively. Acute toxicity was investigated on 25 rats. Forty eight of rats were used to study anti-stress oxidative of extract and divided into eight groups, where the first and fifth group were normal and diabetic control. The normal and diabetic treated groups were administered orally with extracts of S. polycystum for 28 days. The blood glucose and body weight of rats were observed each week. The blood was obtained for determination of malondialdehide, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, respectively. Results: Extract of S. polycystum revealed no mortality and it was grouped as relatively nontoxic substance. The normal rats revealed difference statistically to the diabetic rats. The diabetic rats treated extract showed decreasing of blood glucose level and increasing of body weight. The diabetic rats were treated with 450 mg/kg of extract showed the higher oxidative stress augmentation than other diabetic treatments. It was caused free radical scavenging and induction of antioxidant enzymes activity by brown seaweed extract. Conclusions: The extract of S. echinocarpum reduce oxidative stress on diabetic-induced streptozotocin rats and demonstrate as candidate of antioxidant diabetic substances.

953-954

Authors: Ali Yousefi, Mohammad Naser Ghorbani, Sadegh Salehi-Guilandeh

Objective: To access the emerging ectoparasites associated with shrews in Hamedan Province of Iran. Methods: We have captured bicoloured white-toothed shrews [Crocidura leucodon (C. leucodon)] using the live traps in April 2014. Ectoparasites collected by brushing the skins were removed and preserved in 70% ethanol containing 5% glycerin, and subsequently they were sent to the parasitology laboratory and processed. The fleas isolated from infested specimen were cleared in 10% aqueous potassium hydroxide, dehydrated in ethanol, cleared in xylene, mounted in Canada balsam and identified using reliable keys. Results: In general, eight fleas (one male, seven females) were collected from C. leucodon in Hamedan Province, Western Iran. The fleas were identified as Leptopsylla algira costai Smit, 1955. Conclusions: Fleas are medically important because they transmit a wide variety of diseases to their hosts. In addition, this aricle reports Leptopsylla algira costai for the first time in new host (C. leucodon) and new geographical region (Iran).

961-964

Authors: Tasmia Rahman, Samira Karim, Zubair Khalid Labu

Objective: To justify the folkloric use of Swietenia mahagoni (S. mahagoni) seeds, 90% ethanolic extract and their aqueous and organic partitioning substances were evaluated for their possible antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial potentials in vivo. Methods: Crude ethanolic extract of S. mahagoni seeds were subjected and partitioned into fractions using solvents at different polarity. Antimicrobial and antidiarrheal activities were evaluated and subsequently outcomes were corresponded with the conventional standard drugs. Results: The antidiarrheal activity was assessed using mouse model, where unfractionated ethanolic extract significantly reduced, the number, onset, rate and weight of diarrheal episodes. This fraction showed the limited number of defecation episodes of 27.0% and 40.9% at dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively and reference drug, loperamide, showed 53% at a dose of 50 mg/kg. All extract fractions exhibited the significant potential to kill or subside the growth of known Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract and their aqueous and organic fractious revealed the seeds of S. mahagoni (Linn.) have the potential to be used as a remedy for diarrhea and known pathogenic microbes which ensured the folkloric use of the seeds of S. mahagoni.

969-973

Authors: Mathalaimuthu Baranitharan*, Shanmugam Dhansekaran, Kadarkarai Murugan, Kalimuthu Kovendan, Jayapal Gokulakrishnan

Objective: To decide the larvicides, ovicidal, pupicidal and repellent activity of Melissa officinalis (M. officinalis) chemical compositions against important mosquito Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) (Diptera: Culicidae). Methods: A chemical constituent of 24 compounds was identified in the oils of M. officinalis compounds representing to 98.73%. A total of 25 3rd instar larvae of An. stephensi were showed to a variety of concentrations (30–300 mg/L) in laboratory by means of utilizing the standard procedure portrayed by World Health Organization (2005). The larvae were exposed for 24 h and mortalities were subjected to probit analysis. The ovicidal activity was strong-minded against An. stephensi mosquito to a variety of concentrations ranging from 15– 90 mg/L under the laboratory circumstances. The repellent activity of M. officinalis chemical compositions tested at concentrations of 0.75 and 1.50 mg/cm2 was evaluated in a net cage (45 cm × 45 cm × 40 cm) including 100 blood starving female mosquitoes of An. stephensi using the methods of World Health Organization (1996). Results: The LC50 and LC90 values of citronellal compound against An. stephensi larvae were 85.44 and 159.73 mg/L, respectively. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal action was observed 48 h post-treatment. Similarly, the citronellal compound and other compositions were found to be mainly effective against eggs of An. stephensi. Citronellal compound exerted 45, 60, 75 and 90 mg/L against An. stephensi, respectively. The repellent activity of citronellal compound was contained to be mainly effective and the maximum action was observed at 0.75 and 1.50 mg/cm2 concentrations giving 100% protection up to 210 min against An. stephensi. Conclusions: This current study was undertaken to evaluate the larvicidal, ovicidal, repellent potential of compounds from the M. officinalis essential oil against An. stephensi. This is initial statement on the mosquito larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activity of M. officinalis chemical compositions.

980-982

Authors: Mohammad Salehi, Abdolmajid Ghasemian, Seyyed Khalil Shokouhi Mostafavi, Farshad Nojoomi, Mohammad Karim Rahimi

Objective: To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESKAPE pathogens from Neyshabur, Iran during 2013–2015. Methods: A total of 345 isolates including 62 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), 38 Enterobacter spp. (including 14 Enterobacter agglomerans, 6 Enterobacter aerogenes and other 18 Enterobacter spp.), 123 Enterococcus faecium, 78 Klebsiella pneumonia, 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 34 Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was conducted with Kirby Bauer method. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software using F- and t-tests. Results: Among S. aureus isolates, the highest resistance was observed against nalidixic acid (81.35%) and cefixime (74.50%). Thirty-three (53.22%) S. aureus isolates were cefoxitin resistant (methicillin-resistant S. aureus). The majority of Enterobacter species was resistant to amikacin (100.00%) and cephalotin (66.60%). Most Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (89.43%) and amikacin (83.33%), but vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates were not detected. Moreover, among Klebsiella pneumonia, the highest resistance was observed to nalidixic acid (20.98%) and cotrimoxazole (28.39%). Furthermore, all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to cefotaxime (100.00%) and majority to nitroforantoin (88.80%). Acinetobacter baumannii isolates showed the highest and the lowest resistance to cefotaxime (100.00%) and cefixime (88.71%), respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens from northeast region was low, but majority of them exhibited high rate of antibiotic resistance to common used antimicrobial agents.

1000-1007

Authors: Kanika Patel, Raghav Mishra, Dinesh Kumar Patel

Herbal plant materials have huge potential in the field of medicine, nutraceuticals, perfumery, beverages, fragrances, cosmetics and dyeing industry. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (family: Apiaceae) (C. asiatica) is a very popular medicinal herb in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, India and other parts of Asia. Gotu kola, Brahmi and Mandukparniin are the synonyms of C. asiatica which is mainly used for improving memory power. The pharmacological importance of C. asiatica is mainly because of triterpenes such as asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassoside and madecassic acid, etc. C. asiatica is mainly used for the treatment of mental fatigue, anxiety, epidermal wound, eczema, leprosy, asthma, psoriasis, ulcers and vein diseases. Asiaticoside is a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin having anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties and further it also possesses wound healing, antiulcer and anti-hepatofibrotic activities. It improved cognitive impairment in diabetic condition because of the decreased oxidative stress. Quantification of asiaticoside in C. asiatica has been done by several methods which were mainly based on high performance liquid chromatography methods using different compositions of mobile phase sand detection systems. In these days scientists are trying to discover novel medicine from natural sources for the development of better drugs. In this review we have collected information of asiaticoside in respect to its medicinal values, pharmacological activities, extraction, isolation, and other analytical aspects. So the present review will be supportive to the scientists who are trying to develop some novel medicines from asiaticoside for the better health prospects.