Journal of Coastal Life Medicine

589-595

Authors: Dereje Tewabe Kokebe

Objective: To know spatial, temporal distributions and some biological aspects of commercially important fish species of Lake Tana. Methods: Distribution of fish species in Lake Tana was studied from November 2009 to October 2012 based on samples collected every other month using gillnets of 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mm stretched mesh sizes. Labeobarbus species, Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, and Varicorhinus beso are commercially important fish species and form 68%, 18%, 14% and 0.5% of the pooled experimental fish catch. There was significant variability among years and sampling sites of both temporal and spatial aspects; Mann-Whitney U tests were used for pair wise comparisons of sites and years. Results: The composition of Labeobarbus spp. and Varicorhinus beso shows significant decline. On the other hand, the composition of Oreochromis niloticus did not change, but Clarias gariepinus increased by 100% by catch composition. The most likely explanations for the total decline in abundance of fish species are the increase of the illegal commercial gillnet fishery targeting their spawning aggregations in the wetlands and river mouths, and the increasing trend of the degradation of spawning and nursery habitats both in the lake and major tributary rivers of the catchment area. Conclusions: There should be a need for urgent development of a management plan focusing on ensuring sustainable utilization of a resource by fishing effort, gear mesh size and gear type restrictions, and controlling the spawning grounds from different types of human encroachment and designing closing seasons and spawning grounds during the breeding seasons of different fish species of Lake Tana.

601-605

Authors: S.M. Mustafizur Rahman, Biplob Basak, Siddhwartha Kumar Basak, Md. Rushna Alam, Md. Mohsin Ali, Mohammad Mahfujul Haque

Objective: To explore the growth performance of low-cost mobile hatchery produced silver barb (Barbodes gonionotus) fingerling comparing with typical one, field laboratory complex hatchery. Methods: Assigning Treatment I and Treatment II stoked with low-cost mobile hatchery and field laboratory complex hatchery originated fingerling of silver barb in plastic circular tank. Results: The average weight gain (g/day) of fish was 0.18 and 0.16 g, length gain (cm/d) 0.03 and 0.02, gross yield 0.09 and 0.08 kg/tank per month, net yield 0.03 and 0.01 kg/tank per month respectively in Treatment I and Treatment II. The growth of low-cost mobile hatchery produced silver barb was higher (P<0.05) although SGR (%/d) was 1.63 and 1.89 and FCR was 2.57 and 2.55 for Treatment I and Treatment II, correspondingly and survival was 100% in both cases. In case of economic efficiency, total operating cost were BDT 68.91 and 67.41, revenue BDT 107.35 and 89.30, net profit BDT 38.44 and 21.89 and BCR 1.55 and 1.32 respectively in low-cost mobile hatchery and field laboratory complex hatchery produced fishes. Conclusions: The fry from both origins showed more or less similar growth performance and none of them was superior. Considering the economic feasibility in both cases, it is assumed that the intensive culture of silver barb is possible at field level.

609-613

Authors: Suhaila Qari

Objective: To determine the effect of prior heat shock on the CTMax of differently acclimated Portunus pelagicus (P. pelagicus) as well as the time course of the changes in CTMax post heat shock. Methods: Crabs P. pelagicus were held in laboratory aquaria in tanks, which were supplied with filtered and aerated seawater. Crabs were acclimated at 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C for 3 weeks before their CTMax was determined. The CTMax was recorded for each crab as the median temperature during the 5 min period when a crab was not able to right itself, the average CTMax was calculated. The effect of heat shock on subsequent CTMax was measured. Crabs were heat shocked at temperature 1 °C lower than the CTMax for 20 min, followed by either 0.5 h, 1 h or 1.5 h recovery at 20 °C. The same procedure was repeated at other acclimation temperatures (25 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C). Results: Temperature acclimation of P. pelargicus from 20-35 °C progressively increased the CTMax. Acclimation at 35 °C the CTMax was 42.66 °C, whereas acclimation at 20 °C the CTMax was 39.8 °C. In P. pelagicus acclimated, at 20 °C the CTMax values after heat shock were significantly higher than crabs in control for 30 min, 1 h and 1.5 h after heat shock. In the 25 °C and 30 °C acclimated crabs, the CTMax values after heat shock were significantly higher than control only in 30 min and 1 h after heat shock. No significant differences in 35 °C acclimated crabs between control and heat shocked crabs were found after recovery for 30 min, 1 h, or 1.5 h. Conclusions: Heat shock caused significant rises in the CTMax, however, this increase was progressively reduced with longer recovery times at the acclimation temperature. For 20 °C acclimated crabs, the increased CTMax was still evident after 90 min, but for 25 °C and 30 °C crabs, the response was over after 90 min. Heat shock of 35 °C crabs was problematical, the CTMax gave no increased thermotolerance. It must be concluded that the combination of a high heat shock temperature and CTMax determinations were too damaging.

617-624

Authors: Liliana Noemi S ánchez Campos, Fernando D íaz Herrera, Ana Denisse Re Araujo, Ricardo Alberto Gonzalez S ánchez, Marcial Leonardo Lizárraga Partida, Manuel de Jes ús Acosta Ruiz, Alexei Fedorovish Licea Navarro

Objective: To examine the immune responses of Litopenaeus vannamei after different treatments with a hot water extract of Macrocystis pyrifera (M. pyrifera) and a subsequent challenge with Vibrio campbellii (V. campbellii). Methods: A total of 184 adult white shrimp that were infected with V. campbellii (1伊106 CFU/ shrimp) were immunostimulate by the hot-water extract from M. pyrifera via either injection (10 µg) or immersion (350 mg/L), the experimental controls were injected with either saline solution or V. campbellii (1伊106 CFU/shrimp). The bacterial DNA depuration rate, antimicrobial activity and total hemocyte count were evaluated in hemolymph samples at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h postinfection. Results: Injected shrimp (10 µg M. pyrifera extract) demonstrated the best clearance of bacterial infection, with 82% survival at 72 h post-infection (cellular response). Hemolymph from the immersed organisms had the best antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli growth; specifically, the most efficient antimicrobial activity was observed at 24 h post-infection. Both types of immunostimulated shrimp had similar total hemocyte counts at 24 h post-infection (1.63- 1.59 million/mL); however, after 72 h, injected shrimp had higher total hemocyte counts than immersed animals (2.59 v.s. 0.56 million/mL). Conclusions: The injection of the M. pyrifera hot-water extract facilitated a more efficient response to V. campbellii infection due to the stimulation of the hemocytes of the shrimp. In other words, the cellular immune response was more efficient to eliminate bacterial infection than the humoral response in shrimp.

632-637

Authors: Mohan Gopi, Nagarajan Balachandran Dhayanithi, Karuppaiah Nanthini Devi, Thipramalai Thankappan Ajith Kumar

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant property of purified bioactive compound from sponge associated bacteria Bacillus species. Methods: The potential active compound was subjected for assay of total antioxidant activity, α,α-diphenyl-α-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity and total reducing power. Further, the 16S rRNA gene sequence was carried out to identify the sponge symbiotic bacteria. Results: The results showed linear increase of total antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, H2O2 scavenging activity and total reducing power. IC50 value of the active compound for DPPH activity, H2O2 scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity was recorded as 15.025 μg/mL, 23.73 μg/mL, and 41.70 μg/mL respectively. The potential strain was identified as Bacillus species from GenBank database (GenBank Accession number JX985748). Conclusions: The present study has reported the antioxidant property of purified bioactive compound from sponge associated Bacillus species. The report will be helpful to pharmaceutical and antioxidant researchers for further studies.

645-650

Authors: Zaki Uddin Ahmed, Seheli Sejuti Bithi, Md. Minhazur Rahman Khan, Md. Mofazzol Hossain, Suriya Sharmin, Satyajit Roy Rony

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the fruits of Calamus tenuis Roxb. Methods: The preliminary phytochemical group tests were done, which revealed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid and steroid. The dried fruit was extracted in soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. Antioxidant potential of each extract was evaluated using total phenol content, total flavonoid content, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, 1 ,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant capacity determinations. Results: The extracts were found to possess moderate to high amounts of phenolic and flavonoid contents. In cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assay the extracts showed moderate reducing power which increases with concentration. Scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical was found to rise with concentration with lowest IC 50 value for methanol extract, which was confirmed by total antioxidant activity test that shows highest (95 mg/g of extract) in ascorbic acid equivalent for methanol extract. In Brine shrimp lethality bioassay the methanol and petroleum ether extracts were found to be toxic to Brine shrimp nauplii, with LC50 of 25.53 µg/mL and 28.07 µg/mL respectively while the LC50 of the reference vincristine sulphate was 1.32 µg/mL. Ethyl acetate extract was found to be moderately cytotoxic showing LC50 of 47.79 µg/mL. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the fruits of Calamus tenuis Roxb possess antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. Moreover, phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid and steroid, which may be responsible for the observed bioactivities.

656-661

Authors: Satyavani Kaliamurthi, Gurudeeban Selvaraj, Ramanathan Thirugnanasambandam

Objective: To document the hypoglycemic and wound healing plant species especially halophytes and associates were carried out in the coastal village of Kodiyampalayam (Southeast coast of India). Methods: The data were collected during the month of December 2011 to November 2012 with personal interviews and group discussion of local coastal fisher women community and traditional practitioner. Results: The results indicated the traditional knowledge of 33 medicinal plant species, photographs, vernacular name, habit, active part and their mode of action. Among these, Citrullus colocynthis, Coccinia grandis, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera cylindrica, Excoecaria agallocha and Andrographis paniculata were discovered in huge number. Conclusions: This study concludes medicinal uses of halophytes and associates in the coastal area. It will be needed scientific validation for development of novel therapeutic agents.

665

Authors: Sora Yasri, Viroj Wiwanitkit

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