Journal of Coastal Life Medicine

344-349

Authors: Hasna Kadri, Sondes Marouani, Mohamed Nejmeddine Bradai, Abderrahmen Bouaïn, Eric Morize

Objective: To investigate the length distribution, sex ratio, length-weight relationship, age and growth of Raja radula in the Gulf of Gabes. Methods: The age and growth characteristic of the rough skate (Raja radula) inhabiting in the Gulf of Gabes (Central Mediterranean Sea) was determined. A total of 1 250 specimens were sampled. According to the marginal increment band its growth was annual. Results: The growth parameters were derived by using the von-Bertalanffy method and were separately evaluated as follows: TL∞=97.2 cm, K= 0.15 y-1, to= 0.35, and W∞= 5.28 kg, and TL∞= 76.4 cm, K = 0.22 y-1, to= 0.16, and W∞= 3.77 kg, for females and males respetively. The maximum age was 12 years for females and 10 years for males. Conclusions: Results from this research will provide a starting point to develop a management plan for the rough skate in the Gulf of Gabes. Further investigations are necessary to quantify the impact of the existing regulations on the population dynamics and recruitment patterns of this species in the region.

357-361

Authors: Seyed Ali Johari, Mohammad Reza Kalbassi, Il Je Yu

Objective: To investigate the effects of powdered silver zeolite (SZ) on the in vitro growth of the fish pathogen Saprolegnia sp. Methods: The antifungal activity of SZ was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations using two-fold serial dilutions of powdered SZ in a glucose yeast extract agar at 22 °C. The growth of Saprolegnia sp. on the SZ agar treatments was compared to that on SZ-free agar controls. Results: The results showed that SZ had an inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth of the tested fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration of SZ for Saprolegnia sp. was also calculated at 600 mg/L, which is equal to 0.06 percent. Conclusions: SZ is a potential good candidate to replace teratogenic and toxic agents, such as malachite green in aquaculture systems.

367-375

Authors: Rajasekar Thirunavukkarasu, Priyadharshini Pandiyan, Kumaran Subaramaniyan, Deivasigamani Balaraman, Sakthivel Manikkam, Balamurugan Sadaiyappan, George Edward Gnana Jothi

Objective: To isolate bioactive molecules from marine seaweeds and check the antimicrobial activity against the fish pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Fresh marine seaweeds Gracilaria edulis, Kappaphycus spicifera, Sargassum wightii (S. wightii) were collected. Each seaweed was extracted with different solvents. In the study, test pathogens were collected from microbial type culture collection. Antibacterial activity was carried out by using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was calculated. Best seaweed was analysed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The cured extract was separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Fraction was collected from TLC to check the antimicrobial activity. Best fraction was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS). Results: Based on the disc diffusion method, S. wightii showed a better antimicrobial activity than other seaweed extracts. Based on the MIC, methanol extract of S. wightii showed lower MIC than other solvents. S. wightii were separated by TLC. In this TLC, plate showed a two fraction. These two fractions were separated in preparative TLC and checked for their antimicrobial activity. Fraction 2 showed best MIC value against the tested pathogen. Fraction 2 was analysed by GCMS. Based on the GCMS, fraction 2 contains n-hexadecanoic acid (59.44%). Conclusions: From this present study, it can be concluded that S. wightii was potential sources of bioactive compounds.

382-388

Authors: Samaresh Samanta, Tapas Kumar Das, Amalesh Choudhury, Susanta Kumar Chakraborty

Objective: To record the fractional components of lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acids of Lingula anatina (L. anatina), a Precambrian intertidal benthic brachiopod, giving emphasis on -ω series group especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alongside assessing their biotransformation within the population and mangrove-estuarine associated community. Methods: Different biological samples after being collected from three contrasting study sites viz. SI, SII and SIII at Talsari (Longitude 87 °5′ E to 88 °5′ E and Latitude 20 °30′ N to 22 °2′ N) were stored at -20 °C until analyzed. Total lipids were extracted from each sample following Bligh and Dryer method. Identification and conformation of fatty acids were done by following Ackman method. Results: On analyzing different collected samples, muscles of L. anatina exhibited the highest amount of total lipids (2.95%) of which 54.03% belongs to phospholipid groups. Different body parts of studied species contained appreciable and greater amount of EPA and DHA than α-linolenic acid. Conclusions: Different collected samples exhibited variabilities in respect of total lipids and its fractional fatty acid components. The muscles of L. anatina showed maximum storage of lipids and fatty acids. Differential occurrences of EPA and DHA in different body parts of L. anatina are supposed to be due to the biotransformation process converting the α-linolenic acid from its primary food sources.

394-401

Authors: Md. Sarfaraj Hussain, Sheeba Fareed, Mohammad Ali, Md. Sarfaraz Alam, Md. Akhlakquer Rahman, A. K. Srivastava

Objective: To perform a simultaneous quantitative estimation of two biologically active triterpenoid compounds lupeol and a steroid compound, stigmasterol, in Abutilon indicum (A. indicum) using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Methods: TLC aluminum plates precoated with silica-gel 60 F254 (20 cm×10 cm) were used with a mobile phase of toluene-methanol-formic acid (7.0:2.7:0.3, v/v/v) and densitometric determination of these compounds was carried out at 530 nm in reflectance/absorbance mode. Results: Compact bands for lupeol and stigmasterol were obtained at Rf 0.52±0.02 and 0.28±0.05. The limit of detection (45 and 18 ng/band), limit of quantification (135 and 54 ng/band), recovery (98.2%-99.7% and 97.2%-99.6%) and precision (≤ 2.18 and 1.91) were satisfactory for lupeol and stigmasterol respectively. Linearity range for lupeol and stigmasterol were 100-1000 (r2=0.999 4) and 50-500 ng/band (r2=0.994 1) and the contents were estimated as (0.59±0.10)% and (0.83依0.10)% w/ w respectively. The total phenolic, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, alkaloidal and saponin contents of methanolic extract of A. indicum were also measured in this work. According to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, the method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantification, specificity, and robustness. Conclusions: The HPTLC method was found to be reproducible, accurate, and precise and could detect these two compounds at nanogram level from the A. indicum.

411-415

Authors: Suhaila Qari, Samia Moharram, Safaa Alowaidi

Objective: To determine the fatty acids profiles in female fish, Rhabdosargus sarba (R. sarba) from the Red Sea during the spawning season. Methods: Monthly individual R. sarba were obtained from Bangalah market in Jeddah, Red Sea and transported to the laboratory in ice aquarium. The total length, standard length and weight were measured, fishes were dissected. Ovaries were removed, weighed and 10 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid were added to 10 g of the ovary in a conical flask and immersed in boiling water until the sample was dissolved and the fat was seen to collect on the surface. The conical was cooled and the fat was extracted by shaking with 30 mL of diethyl ether. The extract was bowled after allowing the layers to separate into a weighed flask. The extraction was repeated three times more and distilled off the solvent then the fat dried at 100 °C, cooled and weighed. Then 50 mg of lipid was put in a tube, 5 mL of methanolic sulphuric acid was added and 2 mL of benzene, the tube well closed and placed in water bath at 90 °C for an hour and a half. After cooling, 8 mL water and 5 mL petroleum were added and shaked strongly and the ethereal layer was separated in a dry tube, evaporated to dryness. The fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by using a Hewlett Packard (HP 6890) chromatography, a split/splitless injector and flame ionization detector. Results: In female R. sarba, a total of 29 fatty acids were detected in ovaries throughout the spawning season. The main fatty acid group in total lipid was saturated fatty acid (SFA, 28.9%), followed by 23.5% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 12.9% of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The dominant SFA were palmitic and stearic, the major MUFA were palmitoleic and oleic, and the major PUFA were C18:2 and C22:2. During spawning stages, there were no significant differences in total SFA, MUFA and PUFA. The highest value of SFA was in late spawning (36.78%). However, the highest value of MUFA and PUFA was in spawning (16.70% and 24.96% respectively). During spawning season there were significant differences in total SFA between March (late spawning stage) and December (nearly ripe stage), P<0.05. Conclusions: From the present study it has been shown that 29 fatty acids were detected in ovaries of R. sarba throughout the spawning season. The main fatty acid group in total lipid was SFA followed by PUFA and MUFA. The dominant SFA were palmitic and stearic, the major MUFA were palmitoleic and oleic, and the major PUFA were C18:2 and C22:2. The highest value of SFA was in late spawning. However, the highest value of MUFA and PUFA was in spawning.