Journal of Coastal Life Medicine

253-258

Authors: Md. Yeamin Hossain, Md. Foyzul Hassan Fahad, Md. Mosaddequr Rahman, Nipa Chaki, Saleha Jasmine, Zoarder Faruque Ahmed, Jun Ohtomi

Objective: To investigate biometrics of the Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton, 1822) (R. corsula), including length-weight relationships (LWRs), condition factors (Allometric, KA; Fulton’s, KF; Relative, KR; Relative weight, WR), and sex ratio and length-frequency distributions in the Ganges (Padma River), Northwestern Bangladesh. Methods: Monthly sampling was conducted using traditional fishing gears during June to August 2012. Total length was measured to the nearest 0.01 cm using digital slide calipers, and total body weight was measured using an electronic balance with 0.01 g accuracy. The LWR was calculated using the expression: W= a×Lb , where the W is the body weight , L is the total length , a and b are the parameters of the regression. Results: A total of 350 specimens ranging from 8.59-15.71 cm in total length and 9.57-32.59 g in body weight were analyzed during this study. The overall sex ratio was not significantly different from the expected value of 1:1 (χ2 =2.57, P>0.05), but there was significant difference in the length-frequency distributions between the sexes (P=0.03). The allometric coefficient b for the LWR indicated negative allometric growth (b≈3.00) in males, female and combined sexes. Results further indicated that KF was not significantly different between the sexes (P=0.57). However, the mean WR of R. corsula showed significant differences from 100 for males (P=0.03) and females (P<0.001) in this study, indicating the imbalance habitat with food availability relative to the presence of predators. Conclusions: This study reported the first description of biometric relationships for R. corsula, which would be useful for the sustainable conservation of this rear fishery in Bangladesh and also neighboring countries.

265-272

Authors: Leesa Priyadarsani, Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham

Objective: To study the ecology of antibiotic resistant bacteria with emphasis on sucrose negative vibrios in water and sediments samples of traditional shrimp farming system (bhery) in West Bengal, India. Methods: The vibrios were isolated from traditional shrimp farm samples on thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar and sucrose negative bacterial strains were used as biomarkers to assess the frequency of antibiotic resistance. Results: The incoming water brought presumptive vibrios ranging from 5.50×10 1 to 1.00×10 3 mL in to the bhery, and there appeared to build up vibrios in the culture system with days of culture, as there was about 9 fold increase in vibrios. The levels of vibrios were observed to be moderately higher in outlet water and ranged between 4.15×10 2 and 4.15×10 3 mL. The counts of vibrios in pond sediment was found to be 1.00×10 2 –4.90×10 3 g; while in inlet (2.00×10 2 –4.20×10 4 g) and outlet (3.00×10 2 –6.85×10 3 g) their levels were observed to be higher than the pond sediment. Thirteen different Vibrio species were encountered in traditional shrimp culture system and all vibrios were sensitive to chloramphenicol, followed by ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin (98.24%), gentamicin (95.61%) and other antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR), i.e., resistance to at least two antibiotics, was noticed among 43.85% of the sucrose negative vibrios and 41.86% of the sucrose negative non-vibrios. All vibrios harveyi strains exhibited MAR. Although no antibiotic was used in the bhery, the prevalence of MAR in 44% of the sucrose negative vibrios and non- vibrios is a cause of concern. The MAR index was higher in inlet water and sediment samples. The MAR observed in biomarker strains of pond water and sediment (40%) was comparable to those of inlet samples, thus confirming the fact that incoming water was the major source of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Conclusions: It seems that the shrimp culture in bhery does not favour the proliferation and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

278-281

Authors: Pazhanivel Bharadhirajan, Ayyaru Gopalakrishnan, Kuzhanthaivel Raja, Sambantham Murugan, Ramalingam Vijayakumar, Mohammad M. Rahman

Objective: To study the prevalence and mean intensity of copepod parasite Lernaeenicus polynemi infestation on Eleutheronema tetradactylum from Pazayar, Tamil Nadu, southeast coast of India. Methods: The fish was collected from Pazhayar landing centre from January to December 2012 and their biometric measurements were examined. Toal number of infected fish and total number of parasites were recorded. Results: Higher prevalence and mean intensity of infestation of 35.23% and 3.1 were respectively reported during monsoon season of 2012. The parasitic infestations were scattered over the entire body of the host and targeted the different internal organs such as liver and the dorsal aorta. The highest intensity was reported to be 66 parasites in a single host. Conclusions: Due to the heavy parasitic attack the fish will suffer and its economical value or the marketability may reduce.

287-292

Authors: Naina Raghavjibhai Ghadiya, Nilesh Jethalal Faldu, Parthika Ashvinbhai nadpara, Ketan Parsottambhai Dadhania

Objective: To investigate the potentials of the stem of Cissus quadrangularis (C. quadrangularis) in the control of anxiety and related motor coordination effects in mice using experimental models. Methods: The methanol extract of the stem of C. quadrangularis was studied in mice using elevated plus maze, hole board, open field and stair case tests. Acute toxicity and phytochemical analysis were also carried out. Results: The methanol extract (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg) exhibited significant anxiolytic effects, as evident by significant (P<0.05) increase in the number of crossings at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg dose and number of rearing at 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg dose in open field behavior test. Time spent in the open arms and number of entrances in the open arms increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) at the dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg in elevated plus maze test. Post hoc analysis showed that C. quadrangularis at the dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) increased the number of steps taken and number of head dips. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in time duration on the bar and number of rearing were observed at the dose of 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg. The acute toxicity test revealed an oral LD50 above 5 000 mg/kg, while phytochemical studies showed the presence of phytosterols, terpenoids, saponins, flavanoids, tannins, carbohydrates and aminoacids. Conclusions: The stem extracts of C. quadrangularis is anxiolytic in nature, which contribute to its use in traditional medicine as anxiolytic.

300-308

Authors: Repon Kumer Saha, Naveed Mahmood Zaman, Priyanka Roy

Objective: To establish the health benefits of Syzgium cumin to discover functional components present in the seeds, fruit pulps and fresh juice of this fruit grown in Bangladesh. Methods: Thin layer chromatography and ultra-violet spectroscopy were used to detect the presence of various types of compound in seeds and juice. Antioxidant effects were measured by DPPH scavenging assay and total reducing assay. Receptor binding activities was performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Anti-inflammatory assay and hydrogen peroxide induced hemolysis assay was also investigated. Disc diffusion assay was performed to show the antibacterial effect using Gram positive, Gram negative strains of bacteria and fungi. Results: Methanolic extract of the seeds showed stronger antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide induced hemolysis activities, hemagglutination inhibition activities and membrane stabilization activities than those of fresh juice. However, fresh juice showed stronger antibacterial and antifungal activities than those of methanolic seed extract. The seed contains higher amount of polyphenols and flavanoids than those of fruit juice. Conclusions: Therefore, fruit juice, fruit pulp and seed of Syzygium cumini contain medicinal active components in different ratios.

315-321

Authors: Sukalyani Debnath, Diganta Dey, Sudipta Hazra, Subhalakshmi Ghosh, Ratnamala Ray, Banasri Hazra

Objective: To evaluate antimicrobial activity of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) bark against clinical strains of multi-drug resistant bacteria, and Candida spp. isolated from patients, as well as the corresponding reference strains. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of water, methanol and chloroform extracts of T. arjuna bark were evaluated by agar-well diffusion method, followed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth micro-dilution method. The clinical isolates were studied for antibacterial susceptibility by Kirby and Bauer disk diffusion technique. Results: The water and methanolic extracts of T. arjuna bark produced significant zones of inhibition against twenty-two tested bacteria including eight uropathogens. MIC values against the bacteria were found in the range of 0.16 to 2.56 mg/mL. The chloroform extract did not exhibit antibacterial activity. The polar extracts of T. arjuna also demonstrated strong antifungal effect against eight species of Candida, with MIC between 0.16 and 0.64 mg/mL. The antimicrobial efficacy of the polar extracts was found to be commensurate with high polyphenol content in contrast to the non-polar (chloroform fraction). Conclusions: This study has revealed the therapeutic prospect of T. arjuna bark for the treatment of microbial diseases. The polar fraction of the bark could be used for development of novel antimicrobial agents, particularly against urinary tract infections, and candidiasis/candidaemia.

326

Authors: Beuy Joob, Viroj Wiwanitkit

No abstract

330-336

Authors: Mayank Kumar, Shashi Alok, Sanjay Kumar Jain, Amita Verma, Alok Mahor, Monika Sabharwal

Traditional system of medicine consists of large number of plants with various medicinal and pharmacological importances and hence represents a priceless tank of new bioactive molecules. Coccinia indica belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. It is a rapidly growing, perennial climber or trailing vine. Traditionally different parts of this plant namely the roots, leaves and fruits are used in folklore medicine for several purposes like jaundice, diabetes, wound healing, ulcers, stomach ache, skin disease, fever, asthma, cough. The leaf and its constituents have been reported to possess hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. This review provides adequate information to develop suitable therapeutics out of these plant parts.