Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

171-181

Authors: Elisa Iswandono, Ervizal Amir Muhammad Zuhud, Agus Hikmat, Nandi Kosmaryandi

Ruteng mountains are inhabited by the tribe Manggarai. Local community in the mountains of Ruteng have ethnobotany knowledge in utilization forest plant to meet their needs. Loss of traditional knowledge would have negative impacts on forest resources, because the indigenous people would have less knowledge on sustainable ways to manage the existing forest resources so that a research is required to identify the status of traditional knowledge. This study aims to analyze the level of knowledge of ethnobotany, retention rate, and the rate of change of the annual retention on the indigenous people in the Ruteng mountains. The research was conducted in the Kampung Mano, Lerang, and Wae Rebo, Manggarai District within the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur in the period of JulyDecember 2014. Data was obtained through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), semi-structured interviews with 90 respondent, and in-depth interviews. Data obtained were analyzed for the level of ethnobotany knowledge, ethnobotany retention index, and testing the significance of the factors that affect the level of knowledge with Kruskal Wallis test and Man Whitney. The results of the study shows that the Manggarai communities in the Mountains of Ruteng have local knowledge to meet daily needs, especially food, and medicine through the utilization of forest plant. The level of ethnobotany knowledge is high because they use forest plants, practice traditional rituals, and inheritance knowledge. The ethnobotany knowledge of young generation decreased which can give negatif impact to forest conservation. Keywords: ethnobotany knowledge, forest plant, Manggarai tribe, Ruteng, traditional

191-200

Authors: Raden Haryo Bimo Setiarto, Betty Sri Laksmi Jenie, Didah Nur Faridah, Iwan Saskiawan

Prebiotics are food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria in the colon. Resistant starch (RS) is the starch that can not be digested by digestive enzymes and resistant to gastric acid so it can reach the colon to be fermented by probiotic bacteria. There are treatments to increase the content of RS such as: autoclaving-cooling cycling, combination of lintnerized with autoclaving-cooling, and combination of debranching pullulanase with autoclaving-cooling. The results of techno-economical study showed that the combination of fermentation followed by autoclaving-cooling can be used as an alternative technique to increase the content of resistant starch in food more effectively and efficiently. Keywords: autoclaving-cooling; food ingredients; lintnerized; prebiotic; pullulanase; resistant starch

213-222

Authors: Ferawati Runtuboi, Frida Aprilia Loinenak, Fanny Fransina Simatauw, Yehiel Hendry Dasmasela

The native fishermen are distributed in Manokwari coastal and have currently limited access to fisheries resource. This condition give vulnerable risk to potential utilization of fisheries resources to face vulnerable risk of local fishermen base on ecologycal aspect to take a wisely step to the problem. This research was conducted in AprilSeptember in 8 coastal district in Manokwari Regency. The result showed that native fishermen is medium vulnerable with value 0.57 to the number of catches, the composition of the fish and the fishing ground distance area. If this condition continues it will affect the existence of the status of local fishermen wich needs a partisanship in favor of the independence of local fishermen. Keywords: ecologycal of fisheries; local of fishermen; vulnerability fishermen

229-235

Authors: Arie Aryanto, Triadiati, Sugiyanta

Biofertilizer is a substance which contains microorganism and promotes plant growth by increasing the soil nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to analyze the growth and production of lowland and upland rice by using the biofertilizer in acid soils. Seven isolates of bacteria were used as biofertilizer, i.e. Bacillus sp., two strains of Pseudomonas sp., two strains of Azospirillum sp., and two strains of Azotobacter sp.. The treatments of this study were without fertilization, compost, 100% NPK, compost enriched with 7 isolates, compost enriched with 7 isolates + 50% NPK, compost enriched with 4 isolates, and compost enriched with 4 isolates + 50% NPK. The results showed that biofertilizer in compost improved nutrient content in acid soil, and increased rice growth and production as well. Compost enriched with 7 isolates 50% NPK showed the highest rice yield production both in the lowland and upland rice. The biofertilizer could reduced 50% utilization NPK fertilizer dosage in the first growing season. Keywords: azospirillum sp.; azotobacter sp.; bacillus sp.; pseudomonas sp.; soil nutrient availability

242-246

Authors: Nanang Krisnawan, Asep Sudarman, Anuraga Jayanegara, Yeni Widyawati

The objective of the research was to study saponin in Sapindus rarak were added to the diet of rice straw ammoniation (20 & 40%), related to the effect in reducing methane emissions of ruminants and pattern of rumen fermentation were tested by in vitro. Completly randomized block design with four treatments and four replications was used. Variables measured were gas production total, methane production, dray matter digestibility (DMD), N-ammonia, VFA total, VFA partial, and population of protozoa. The results showed that the addition saponins in S. rarak as a source of rice straw ammoniation significant effect (P<0.05) of the total gas production, methane production, dray matter digestibility (DMD), N-ammonia, VFA partial, and population of protozoa. S. rarak use as a source of saponins with a dose of 20% on rice straw ammoniation was able to reduce methane gas production drop in gas production total, concentration of N-ammonia, and protozoa population. Keywords: methane mitigation; sapindus rarak; saponin

257-264

Authors: Silvia Puspitasari, Erni Sulistiawati, Muladno Basar, Achmad Farajallah

Giving a half-dose of an anthelmintic is a simple method for detecting resistance in parasites infesting small ruminants. When a single anthelmintic fails in native sheep from Indonesia, a combination of anthelmintics from different chemical classes with different mechanism of action is an alternative parasite-control strategy. This study compared the anthelmintic effectiveness of ivermectin (IVM) and albendazole (ABZ) have given either separately as a full-dose or half-dose or co-administered to sheep naturally infected with Ostertagia. Twelve sheep from Bogor, Indonesia were divided into six groups based on the anthelmintic treatment: half-dose IVM, full-dose IVM, half-dose ABZ, full-dose ABZ, combined (half-dose IVM + half-dose ABZ), and control groups. The treatment effectiveness was determined using the Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) on before and after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of treatment. FECR of half-dose IVM, full-dose IVM, half-dose ABZ, full-dose ABZ, and both combined ranged from 78-100%, 96-100%, -71-89%, -521-64%, and 54-100%, respectively. The results showed that full-dose IVM was the most effective to against Ostertagia until 42 days and followed the combined that effective until 28 days. Half-dose and full-dose ABZ weren’t effective to against Ostertagia. Keywords: albendazole; effectiveness; ivermectin; ostertagia; sheep

272-279

Authors: Neneng Marlian, Ario Damar, Hefni Effendi

The research on horizontal distribution clorophyll-a fitoplankton as indicator the tropic state in waters of Meulaboh Bay conducted on Mei-July 2014 in Meulaboh Bay. Sampling was done using the method of purposive sampling at 10 sites, which consist of river, mouth river, bay waters, and middle of bay to outer of bay. The purpose of this research is to analyse horizontal distribution of clorophyll-a fitoplankton as the tropic state indicator in the waters and to analyse relationship between clorphyll-a fitoplankton with nutrients availability N and P. The result showed that the horizontal distribution pattern of clorophyll-a fitoplankton dominated by the waters near to teresterial land, likes river, mouth river, and edge of bay, afterward its gradually slightly decrease in the middle of bay and lower in outer of bay. High or low of clorophyll-a was due to the influence of nutirent load N and P in the waters of Meulaboh Bay. The tropic states based on abundance clorophyll-a fitoplankton was categorised in the mesotrofic condition. Keywords: clorophyll-a fitoplankton; distribution; horizontal; mesotrofic; tropic state

85-90

Authors: Aji Winarso, Fadjar Satrija, Yusuf Ridwan

This study were conducted to determine the presence of toxocariosis in beef cattle in Kasiman Subdistrict, the Regency of Bojonegoro kept under the Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) programme. The experiment were done to identify several risk factors that may play certain roles on the degree of prevalence and infection intensity. A total of 263 head of local beef cattle with various ages were taken for faecal samples and 80 farmers were interviewed. Results of the experiment indicated the prevalence of toxocariosis was 5.32 (CI 95 = 2.618.04) influenced by age and gender which showed an effect on the risk of infection. The prevalence tends to decline by age group (p <0.001): calves under 6 months of age (23.68), and between 612 months of age (7.41), 12 years old calves (2.04) and the above 2 years adults (1.34). The prevalence is higher in the males group (12.7) compared to the females group (3.0), (p=0.003). Logistic regression analysis concluded that age was the only affecting variable to the rate of infection with mathematical models for toxocariosis. Logit toxocariosis = -0.058 -1.098 age. Keywords: beef cattle, Bojonegoro, Toxocara vitulorum

97-102

Authors: Asri Febriana, Achmad Farajallah, Dyah Perwitasari

Madura cattle is one of the Indonesian local cattle breeds derived from crossing between Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) and banteng (Bos javanicus). Branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) is one of the main enzyme complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that metabolizes branched chain amino acid (BCAA), ie valine, leucine, and isoleucine. The diversity of the nucleotide sequences of the genes largely determine the efficiency of enzyme encoded. This paper aimed to determine the nucleotide variation contained in section intron 7, exon 8, and intron 8 genes BCKDHA on Madura cattle. This study was conducted on three Madura cattle that used as bull race (karapan), beauty contest (sonok), and beef cattle. The analysis showed that the variation in intron higher than occurred in the exon. Simultaneous indel found at base position 34 and 68 in sonok cattle. In addition, the C266T variant found in beef cattle. These variants do not cause significant changes in amino acids. There was no specific mutation in intron 7, exon 8, and intron 8 were found in Madura cattle designation. This indicated the absence of differentiation Madura cattle designation of selection pressure of BCKDHA gene. Keywords: BCKDHA gene, indel simultaneous, Madura cattle

108-114

Authors: Rudy Priyanto, Asnath Maria Fuah, Edit Lesa Aditia, Muhammad Baihaqi, Muhammad Ismail

Local beef cattle is still the major source of domestic beef consumption, yet their productivity and quality is relatively low. This study was aimed to investigate productivity and meat quality traits of local beef cattle through fattening using cereals based concentrate containing different energy level. Nine Ongole cattle with average initial liveweight of 254.67 ± 20.7 kg and age between I1-I2 permanent incisor teeth were used in the study. They were fattened for four months and alloted into three different energy rations; they were low (ER) 57.88 TDN, medium (ES) 63.72 TDN, and high (ET) 69.67 TDN. The three rations had simmilar protein contents, between 12.4212.96. Observed parameters included cattle performance (ration and nutrition dry mater intake, daily gain, and feed conversion), carcass traits (carcass weight and percentage, fat thickness, and loin eye area at the 12th rib), and meat quality traits (pH, water holding capacity, tenderness, cooking loss, marbling score, and meat color). The results showed that cattle fed with high energy (ET) ration had the highest body weight and marbling score, and more efficient in feed conversion than medium (ES) and low energy (ER) rations. Local beef cattle productivity and there meat quality could be improve through fattening using high energy cereals based concentrate. Keywords: energy ration, local beef cattle, meat quality, production performance

124-130

Authors: La Ode Muhsafaat, Heri Ahmad Sukria, Suryahadi

This experiment was designed to evaluate protein quality and amino acid composition of fermented sago pulp by Aspergillus niger with urea and zeolit addition at different levels. The experiment was design in factorial completely randomized with two factors and three replicates. The first factor was levels of urea addition (0, 2.5, and 5), the second factor was levels of zeolite addition (0, 2.5, and 5) and used 2% A. niger on sago pulp (dry matter form). Variables observed were the levels of crude protein and amino acids. Data were tested using descriptive and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the differences among treatments means examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results howed that there was interaction between levels of addition urea and zeolite on crude protein value. The addition urea and zeolite at 5 had the high increased 15.49 ± 0.33 to crude protein content. The amino acid content of fermented sago pulp descriptively increased in urea treatment, but didn’t show increased in zeolite treatment. Based on the calculation of the score of chemical and index essential amino acids, fermented sago pulp at 5 urea treatment has a chemical score of 17.86, 18.01, and 11.85 with the essential amino acid deficient is leucine, and has an index of 38.33, 36.43, and 28.45. Keywords: A. niger, amino acids, sago pulp, urea, zeolite

141-149

Authors: Akrom Muflih, Achmad Fahrudin, Yusli Wardiatno

The objective of research was to determine the suitability and carrying capacity of Tanjung Pasir Coast and Untung Jawa Island for tourism. Research was conducted through survey descriptively and evaluative approaches to obtain primary data while secondary data also collected as supporting. The suitability of Tanjung Pasir Beach for tourism was 83.33 (highly suitable), Untung Jawa Beach 78.57 and 85.71 (highly suitable), mangrove 56.14 (suitable), but snorkeling 42.11 (not suitable) and 56.14 (suitable). Carrying capacity for tourism in the beach of Tanjung Pasir were 162 tourists/day, Untung Jawa 74 tourists/day, mangrove tourism 69 tourists/day, and snorkeling 20 tourists/day. However, the actual numbers of tourists in the region have exceeded the carrying capacity. Therefore, the control of tourists number is needed in order to match the carrying capacity of its environment as a management measure. Keywords: carrying capacity, suitablity, Tanjung Pasir Coast, Untung Jawa Island

158-163

Authors: Omega Raya Simarangkir, Fredinan Yulianda, Mennofatria Boer

Climate change is now recognized as one of the greatest threats to worldwide coral reefs with one of the most serious and immediate threats of mass coral bleaching associated with increasing sea temperatures. Coral bleaching occurred in a few coral reefs throughout the world in 2010. Coral reef in Amed’s coastal area was the one of the reefs that experienced and affected by coral bleeching incident. This study aims to assess recovery of hard coral community in post-bleaching in 2010. A survey method was used to collect primary data. Data sets also supported by secondary data. This study results were hard coral community recovered in 2013, as its percentage cover increased up to 49.00. However, macroalgae decreased up to 0.67. Hard coral recruitment in 2013 increased up to 21 individual/m2. Keywords: Amed, coral bleaching, hard coral, macroalgae, recovery

1-8

Authors: Dyah Muji Rahayu, Gunawan Pratama Yoga, Hefni Effendi, Yusli Wardiatno

Anthropogenic pollution (organic matter and Hg) around Cisadane River upstream can affect the abundances of macrozoobenthos. The aim of this research was to identify the abundances of macrozoobenthos and feeding groups, and also to identify the status of waters based on macrozoobenthos community. The research was conducted on January to March in four locations in the upstream of Cisadane River, covering Cikuluwung (ST 1), Cisarua (ST 2), Curug Bitung (ST 3), and Lukut (ST 4). Samples were collected with kick net and Eckman Grab. The dominance macrozoobenthos are Bungona (171 ind/m2), Simulium (101 ind/m2), Cheumatopsyche (50 ind/m2), and Polypedilum (28 ind/m2). Based on feeding groups, the dominance are filtering collector and gatherer collector. Based on the Pollution Index and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (Hg) on sediment, the upstream of Cisadane River is low polluted whereas EPT Index and Signal showed that upstream of Cisadane River is moderate polluted. Keywords: bioindicator, Cisadane river, feeding groups, macrozoobenthos

18-25

Authors: Nurlaha, Luki Abdullah, Didid Diapari

This study aimed to identify patterns of feed provision and evaluate the nutritional adequacy of crossbred goats (EC) in Totallang, Lasusua District of North Kolaka. The method used was descriptive analysis to describe the general state of research sites, feeding system and adequacy of nutrient by EC goat. The result revealed that livestock rearing is generally performed by breeders at the age of 1556 years (productive age group) of 81.25 and the remaining 18.75 in those aged >56 years. The experience of breeder ranges from 15 years (68.75) and >6 years (31.25). The type of feed used by farmers in the village of Totallang include: Gliricidia sp., Pennisetum purpureum, Erytrina subumbrans (Hassk.), and Ficus variegata Blume. Gliricidia sp. was dominant forage fed to animals (95.98) and other forage were fed in limited portion such as: pennisetum purpureum (1.79), Erytrina subumbrans (Hassk.) (1.34%) and Ficus variegata Blume (0.89). Gliricidia sp. contributed protein in ration up to 16.82. About 56.25 of farmer fed animal with 100 Gliricidia sp., while 18.75 of farmer used Gliricidia sp. in combination with Erytrina subumbrans (Hassk.) and 12.5 of them fed EC goats with combination of Gliricidia sp. and Erytrina subumbrans (Hassk.) or and Ficus variegata Blume. About 62.5 farmer in Totallang fed their goat with sufficient dry matter intake according to Kearl (1982), as well as 100 of goat were sufficient in crude protein intake meanwhile TDN intake were not fulfilled by farmer about 93.75. Keywords: Gliricidia, goat, nutrient

33-38

Authors: Rana Rio Andhika, Bambang Hariyadi, Fachruddin Saudagar

Sap of plants is one of the non-timber forest products are used by the community Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) in the National Park Bukit Duabelas. SAD is Jambi tribal culture that has potential in utilized and protected forest biodiversity Bukit Duabelas National Park. This research aims at produced an inventory of plant sap, assess the utilization and preservation process and review process by SAD inheritance knowledge about produced plants to the next generation in National Park Bukit Duabelas Sarolangun, Jambi. Data collected by snowball sampling technique through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Analysis of descriptive data. Based on the results of this study found 21 species of plants produced sap utilized by the SAD as a source of revenue, material treatment, fuel, hunting, adhesives, traditional rituals materials, dyes and other materials exudate freezer. SAD sources of knowledge on the use of plant sap derived from the shaman, the parents and their own experiences orally handed down to posterity. Keywords: National Park Bukit Duabelas, plants producing exudate, Suku Anak Dalam

47-52

Authors: Rizka Permatayakti Rasyidta Nur, Herry Purnomo

Most of the urban pollution is the result of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from human activities. This research identified CO2 emission and absorption in Bogor, and also the alternatives to solve the emission problem by system model and simulation. CO2 emission and absorption system model was created using software Stella 9.0.2 based on loss-gain emission concept for 30 years prediction. Human activities that contribute to CO2 emission are transportation, industries, energy consumption such as fuel or electricity, house hold waste, and farms, while the decrease factor is green open spaces as CO2 sequester. The alternatives to solve emission problem in Bogor is created based on green city concept by including the environmental aspects in every urban activity. The result of this research, the CO2 emission of Bogor reached 20.027.878 tons and the absorption reached 93.843 tons in 2042. Combined mitigation alternatives in several sectors could reduce CO2 emission by 2.797.667 tons in 2042 and CO2 emission could be neutralized by reforestation in 2036. Keywords: green city, loss-gain emission, model, stella 9.0.2, urban pollution

59-65

Authors: Rokhani Hasbullah, Memen Surahman, Ahmad Yani, Deva Primadia Almada, Elisa Nur Faizaty

Businesses in food processing plays an important role in the national economy. Facing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), the performance of the food SMEs needs to be improved in order to compete in the ASEAN region. One of the institutions that play a role in nurturing the business SMEs is Business Incubators. This study aimed to assess the performance of University Business Incubators in nurturing the incubator tenants and to assess the effect of incubation program on the performance of Food SMEs tenants. Research was conducted at several Business Incubators belong to universities by interviewing managers and tenants of the Business Incubators that have focus on the food processing sector. Data were analyzed using balanced scorecard (BSC). The results showed that most of the University Business Incubators have sufficient performances (75) and only a small portion performs well (17) and excellent (8). Business Incubators in general have several limitations such as limitations in process, quality, and facility in incubation program, low efficiency and financial independence. Business Incubators have contributed in improving the business performance of the tenants by increasing the number of labor, the turnover, the market region, and the access to financial sources. Keywords: balanced scorecard, Business Incubation, business performance, food processing SMEs

72-77

Authors: Sus Derthi Widhyari, Anita Esfandiari, Agus Wijaya, Retno Wulansari, Setyo Widodo, Leni Maylina

Bulls are expected to be able to produce a good quality and quantity of sperm. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of Zn supplementation on the sperm quality, in Frisian holstein bulls. Ten bulls, 1618 months of age were used in this experiment. The experimental bulls were divided into two groups, i.e.,group without Zn supplementation (control) and group with 60 ppm of Zn supplementation. Zn supplementations were given everyday for a period of four months. Semen was collected by using artificial vaginaat the end of the experiment. Semen quality was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. The variables measured were semen volume, semen pH, sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm viability, and sperm abnormality. The results showed that Zn supplementation significantly increased sperm motility and sperm concentration (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in other parameters. Key Words: Holstein bulls, semen quality, Zn