Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

8-15

Authors: Erliza Hambali, Dadang Rukmana, Riztiara Nurfitri

Year by year, globally the production of petroleum decreases but its demand increases. The world will get the energy crisis including Indonesia if that condition happens continously. Because of that, Indonesia starts to develop IOR (improved oil recovery) method for their oil fields. IOR method is an improvement of the secondary phase in which the oil recovery is expected to increase oil production. One method of IOR is chemical injection with surfactant for injection. Surfactant is dissolved with injection water and injected to reservoir. Generally, surfactant of petroleum sulphonates is used for oil recovery. Due to the weaknesses of petroleum suphonates such as not resistant in high salinity and high hardness water, therefore it triggers to get surfactant substitute like MES (methyl ester sulphonates) that is synthesized by bio-oil from Jatropha curcas L. The study was aimed to know the performance of MES surfactant formula from jatropha oil for IOR in fluid sample of oil field and synthetic sandstone core. The best condition from this research was surfactant 0.2 PV with the soaking time of 12 hours. This formula gave the highest of incremental total oil recovery 61%. The number were resulted from 48% waterflooding and 13% surfactant injection. Keywords: Jatropha curcas L., surfactant, methyl ester sulphonates, improved oil recovery, incremental recovery

22-34

Authors: Memen Surahman, Giyanto, Andi Takdir, Awaludin Hipi

One effort to improve of high-quality of maize seed were the development and application of methods for genetic quality testing, such as SSR marker. Another effort was used of rhizobacteria for increased the availability of nutrients, especially P in the soil. The aim of this study were: 1) Microsatellite markers specific to male and female parents of maize hybrid; 2) Seed genetic purity by using molecular marker; 3) Rhizobacteria that could increase the physiological quality of maize hybrid seed; and 4) Rhizobacteria that could increase the growth of plant and efficiency of fertilizer P. The result showed that: 1) From five markers tested, three markers namely phi96100, phi328175 and phi072 produced polymorphic bands and capable to distinguish parental lines of two maize hybrids. Microsatellite marker phi96100 was specific used for testing genetic purity of cv.Bima-4 and phi072 for cv.Bima-3. While phi328175 was specific markers to both hybrids maize. The test of cv. Bima-3 and Bima-4 indicated that genetic purity of both varieties were 97.5% and 80% respectivelly; 2) Isolates B28 and B46 could increase IV 19% and 22% respectively, and had a high speed of growth compared controls; 3). Isolates B46, B42, B13, P14, P31, AB2, AB3, AB11, ATS4, and ATS5 could increased of germination compared to control; 4) Treatment of rhizobacteri significantly affects on plant height 2, 4 and 6 week after planting (WAP); 5) P fertilizer dosage were not significantly influenced on the number of leaves at 2 and 4 WAP, but significant at 6 WAP. Isolate of B28, B42 and ATS4 were potential for increased of plant growth. Keywords: Genetic purity, physiologycal quality, rhizobacteria, phosphate efficiency, seed of maize hybrid

41-47

Authors: Retno D. Soejoedono, Sri Murtini, Kamalludin Zarkasie

Vaccination is one of the chosen strategy for controling AI H5N1 in Indonesia. Vaccination able to induce protective antibodies against AI but unable to inhibit viral infection. Determination of antibody titers in the serum from bird vaccinated with AI-H5N1 vaccine consisting of 2 or 3 different AI virus isolates difficult to be meassured if the antigen for HI test is uncalibrated yet. Furthermore, the determination of a minimum protective antibody titer against the challenge of AI virus circulating in the field at this time needs to be done. This study aims to determine the H5N1 AI virus antigen for standart HI test and the minimum titre of antibodies that able neutralize virus infection. As much as 55 chickens were divided into 11 groups, 10 groups vaccinated with commercial AI vaccine and AI H5N1 field isolat antigen. Four types of commercial vaccines were veccinated to one group and seven other groups vaccinated with the antigen AI Legok 2004, Nagrak Ag 2009, Ag Lawang 2010, as well as polyvalent Ag combination of these three types of antigen. After third vaccinations, the presence of antibodieswere meassured by HI test. Serum with a titer test 26-28 were tested for the capability of virus neutralizationin using virus neutralization test against three different H5N1 AI virus field isolates. The test results showed that the H5N1 subtype AI virus antigen representative as standart antigen for HI test is antigen Legok 2004 and the minimum titer which able neutralize H5N1 AI virus field isolates 28. Keywords: H5N1 , HI test, Serum Netralisation test

58-64

Authors: Mohamad Yani, Purwoko, Andes Ismayana, Puji Rahmawati Nurcahyani, Derin Pahlevi

Malodorous gases emitted from natural rubber industries. At crumb rubber plant, leum storage emits high concentration of ammonia that strength odor and dangerous to healthy workers. This research occurred to remove ammonia from leum storage using biofilter coloum 23L packed with mixed of top-soil, peat-rubber leaves and sludge. The result shows that this biofilters can remove ammonia from inlet concentration at 4 - 20 ppm to outlet concentration less than 4,7 ppm (average of 1,1ppm below regulation limit of 2 ppm). The biofilter packed with top soil performs to ammonia removal efficiency average of 89% and ammonia-removal capacity at 0,36 g-N/kg-dry-material/d. The biofilter packed with mixed of top soil and rubber leaves performs to ammonia removal efficiency average of 85% and ammonia-removal capacity at 0,60 g-N/kg-dry-material/d. The biofilter packed with mixed of top soil and sludge performs to ammonia removal efficiency of 99% and ammonia-removal capacity at 0,36 g-N/kg-dry-material/d. The biofilter packed with mixed of top soil and sludge indicated the most stable on ammonia removal capacity and the lowest oulet ammonia at an average of 0.1 ppm. Keywords:. Ammonia removal, biofilter, top soil, rubber leaf, sludge