Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

67-73

Authors: Evy Damayanthi, Yopi, Hasanatun Hasinah, Triana Setyawardani, Heni Rizqiati, Salwa Putra

The objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics and differences in quality milk of Water and Swamp buffalo milk in North Sumatera. This research was conducted used complete random design used 30 buffalo from three breeding farm in North Sumatera. Buffalo milk were collecting from lactating buffaloes on three traditional farms located at Patumbak, Lubuk Pakam, and Siborong-borong with extensive farming system. The result of this research shown milk production per day for Swamp buffalo is 11.5 l and Water buffalo is 68 l with quality of Swamp and Water buffalo sequentially are for protein 5.14 ± 0.37% and 4.68 ± 0.41%, fat content 7.52 ± 0.98% and 4.13 ± 0.73%, non-fat dry matter (NFDM) 10.61 ± 0.78% and 11.5 ± 0.86%, moisture 81.87 ± 2.26% and 80.33 ± 2.33%, milk density 1.030 and 1.036, and then Total Plate Count (TPC) 3.79 x 106 and 5.08 x 105, shown indicated that there ware significant difference in protein, fat content and NFDM (P<0.01). But there is no differences in moisture and milk density. TPC shown that Swamp buffalo milk has above the maximum microbes present in milk. The conclusion of this research is milk production of Swamp buffalo less than River buffalo but has higher in chemical quality of milk than River buffalo such as protein, NFDM and fat content. Amino acids in Swamp buffalo milk were higher than River buffalo milk. Althought buffalo has less milk production than cow but buffalo milk were higher in all quality tested parameters and have more potential than dairy cow to be developed because maintenance of buffalo in North Sumatera is still use traditional method and not yet leading to efforts to obtain maximum production performance. Keywords: amino acids, buffalo, fatty acids, milk characteristics

80-84

Authors: Mia Setiawati, Dedi Jusadi, Shella Marlinda, Dadang Syafruddin

This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomun burmanni) as a suplement in the diet due to growth performance and nutriet composition of patin (Pangasius hypothalamus). A triplicate experiment was conducted using fish with an initial body weight of 7.27 ± 0.28 g. Fish were culture in aquaria 50 x 40 x 35 cm at a density of 10 fish/aquaria. Fish were fed on the diet contained either 0, 0.5, 1; or 1.5% respectively. Fish fed on the diet at satiation for 30 days. The result shows that the suplementation of cinnamon leaf powder in the diet 0 to 1.5% was insignificantly affected feed consumption, specific growth rate, and survival rate of fish. However, the addition of Cinnamomumn burmanni up to 1% was significantly increased the level of total feed digestibility twice, the protein digestibility to 87.39%, and protein retention 1.5 higher than the control (without cinnamon leaf powder). On the other hand, the diet of 1% Cinnamomumn burmanni were the optimal result of this research with the feed efficient, decrease 30% of fat and have more compact flesh texture. Keywords: cinnamon, growth, nutrien composition, patin

91-97

Authors: Gilang Rusrita Aida, Yusli Wardiatno, Achmad Fahrudin, Mohammad Mukhlis Kamal

Mangrove ecosystem plays an important role in contributing the organic matter from litter produced which is a major link of the food web in mangrove ecosystem. The research was conducted to estimate litterfall production of mangroves in Tangerang coastal area. The structure and composition of the mangrove ecosystem consists of Avicenia marina, Avicenia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, and Sonneratia caseolaris with density and diameter of mangrove trees about 323 tress/100 m2 and 4.838.2 cm, respectively. The results of station groupings based on the structure and composition of mangrove with environmental parameters showed the highest production of litterfall generated by group II (station 4; consists of Avicenia marina and Rhizophora mucronata), followed by group III (station 6; consists of Sonneratia caseolaris) and group I (station 1, 2, 3, and 5; of Avicenia alba, Avicenia marina, and Rhizophora mucronata). Litterfal production of group II reached 3.86 ± 0.22 g/m2/day, followed by group III and group I (3.63 ± 2.2 g/m2/day and 2.88 ± 0.99 g/m2/day, respectively). Overall, the total production of litterfall per day in the coastal area reached 3.45 g/m2/day with leaf as the main component (>80%), followed by twigs and reproductive organs. Keywords: coastal area, litterfall, mangrove ecosystem, Tangerang

104-110

Authors: Usman Ahmad, Emmy Darmawati, Nur Rahma Refilia

Mangosteen can be stored for a relatively long period in low temperature storage, but peel hardening due to lost of moisture makes it difficult to open before consumption. One attempt to solve this problem is the application of semi-cutting treatment before storage of the fruits at low temperature. However, semi-cutting will accelerate deterioration process since it increases fruit respiration and creates a door to microorganism to enter and spoil the fruit. Waxing the fruit after semi-cutting helps to overcome the problems, so the fruit can be stored at low temperature for long period, but it can be opened easily before consumption. This research aims to find a suitable method of waxing as well as the best wax concentration solution for waxing process. The methods of waxing conducted in this research were dipping and smearing, while the wax concentration in solution for both methods were 6, 9, and 12%. The results show that smearing the fruit after semi-cutting with 12% wax concentration gave the longest self life for the mangosteen stored at low temperature, while the fruits were still easier to open after storage. Keywords: mangosteen, peel hardening, semi-cutting, waxing

118-124

Authors: Eka Intan Kumala Putri, Amzul Rifin, Novindra, Heny Kuswanti Daryanto, Hastuti, Asti Istiqomah

Herbs are environmentally friendly commodities that slogan 'back to nature'. Herbal is a reliable commodity Indonesia because herbal raw material comes from Indonesia's abundant biodiversity. However, the current Indonesian herbal faced a number of challenges to be able to compete with the herbs that come from foreign countries. The existence of the Free Trade Agreement can be seen by the opening of the market to the entry of Indonesian herbal products imported from Cina, India, Malaysia, and others. Economically, Indonesia's trade balance deficit with export figures of herbal products continues to decline. That is, the existence of free trade agreements is adversely affected by the low competitiveness of herbal products against imported products that circulate in Indonesia. In the midst of adversity free trade, in 2015 has agreed a free trade agreement between the ASEAN countries (EAC). Will EAC able to lift Indonesian herbal products from the domestic market?. Keywords: competitiveness, EAC, export product, herbal, the domestic market