Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

18-28

Authors: P. Shekk, Yu. Astafurov

Purpose. To investigate the distribution of Macrobrachium nipponense in the Dniester river basin in the south of Ukraine. To assess their density and diurnal fluctuations and determine their sex ratios in different waters. Methodology. Shrimps were caught using crayfish traps of original design with a length of 50-200 cm and special submersible wooden boxes of 100x100x100 cm. Depths and bottom relief at the study sites were determined using a Garmin EchoMAP CHIRP 72sv. The location was established using a GPS unit Garmin gpsmap 78s and Google Maps 2D. The sample size was 4687 individuals, 88 locations of shrimp aggragations were detected. The diurnal population dynamics was studied at 7 sites. Sex and sex ratio of sampled shrimps where determined using a standard biological analysis. Findings. The analysis of litertures sources showed the pathways of the spread of M. nipponenseacross the territory of the republics of the USSR and the history of its acclimatization in the Dniester River. The currents shrimp stock density and their sex ratios in different water bodis of the lower Dniester were determined. The diurnal dynamics of changes in shrimp populations was studied at different sites in the Dniester and Kuchurgan lagoons. It was found that the local populations of shrimp from different waters differ significantly in terms of their numbers and sex ratios. The circadian dynamics of shrimp population density in the Dniester and Kuchurgan lagoons had a similar character but differed in absolute numbers. Originality. The distribution of M. nipponense in the lower reaches of the Dniester was studied for the first time. The abundance of this shrimp in different waters and their sex ratio were established. The circadian dynamics of population changes in the Dniester and Kuchurgan estuaries was studied. Practical value. The results of the study allowed obtaining an objective biological-geographical characteristic of M. nipponense in the conditions of the Lower Dniester basin. The obtained results can be used to assess the state of the natural population of M. nipponense in the lower Dniester and to determine the prospects of its use as an object of domestic fish farming and aquaculture.

38-52

Authors: R. Palamarchuk, O. Deren, S. Koba

Purpose. Study of the effect of amaranth feed additive on the peculiarities of growth, development, feed efficiency and economic component when rearing age-1+ carp; as well as the reproductive performance of female carp based on an analysis of its nutritional and biologically active properties. Methodology. Two experiments were conducted in which the effect of feeding of age-1+ and female carp with seeds of Ukrainian high-yielding forage amaranth with biologically active properties "Kharkiv-1" on physiological and productive parameters was analyzed. Carp were fed with granulated compound feed with a protein content of 23%, which was additionally supplemented with ground amaranth seeds by granulation method in the amount of 10% to replace the cereal component, pre-subjected to heat treatment. Piscicultural, breeding, hydrochemical and hydro-biological studies were carried out according to conventional aquaculture methods. Findings. The main hydrochemical parameters were found to be within piscicultural standards. Development of phyto-, zooplankton and zoobenthos on average for the season both in terms of quantity and biomass practically did not differ in both ponds. When determining the efficiency of the use of ground amaranth seeds in the feeding of age-1+ carp during the growing season, an improvement in piscicultural parameters was found. In particular, the average weight of fish caught at the end of the growing season in the study group was 10.5%, respectively, the fish productivity was 12.2% higher than in the control, and the feed cost was 10.3% lower. Taking into account the cost of fish seeds and the cost of feed growing, an additional income 9.3% was obtained. It has been found that the addition of amaranth to the diet of female carp during pre-spawning retention positively affects the production of eggs, their fertilizing capacity, and the viability of larvae obtained. Accordingly, an increase in relative working fertility by 3.4%, the percentage of fertilization of eggs by 3%, and the yield of 3-day larvae by 6.7% in the experimental group were observed. Originality. During the study, based on the analysis of the nutritional and biologically active properties of amaranth, for the first time its effect on the productive performance of age-1+ carp and the reproductive parameters of female carp was studied, as well as the effectiveness of its use in the diet. Practical value. Finding feed components with high protein content and suitable for introduction in natural environment of Ukraine is topical and necessary to meet the needs of fish industry. Accordingly, the study of the efficiency of introducing amaranth into the diets of different age groups of carp will have a positive effect on growth, survival and reproductive performance, and will also reduce feed costs.

65-77

Authors: L. Buchatsky, Yu. Rud, O. Zaloilo, I. Zaloilo, I. Hrytsyniak

Purpose. Nidoviruses are wide spread pathogens of animals and humans. The order Nidovirales covers enveloped viruses with one segment of linear positive-sense single-stranded RNA. The order comprises four families including Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Roniviridae and Mesoniviridae. Despite numerous studies, Nidoviruses remain poorly understood today. The complexity of replication mechanisms and significant differences in genome size of individual families are the main problem to understand the life cycle of these viruses. Therefore, we tried to analyze the array of special literature data and summarize the information obtained on nidoviral infections of fish and prawns, structural and functional properties of the Nidovirales members, and the symptoms and consequences of diseases caused by them. Findings. The presented data contain a brief analytical summary of viruses from the Nidovirales order, which infect fish and prawns. The current classification of water nidoviruses is noted. The morphological and genetic structure of fish nidoviruses as well as the known mechanisms of their replication and other functional properties are shown. Particular attention is paid to the description of symptoms and routes of nidovirus infection development in aquatic organisms. However, effective prevention and treatment of nidoviral infections is unknown. Currently, significant number of nidoviruses is insufficiently studied: partially or completely remain uncharacterized mechanisms of replication, genomic structure, the interactions with environment condition and virus spread, etc. Practical Value. The review may be useful for scientists studying representatives of Nidovirales order and problems associated with diseases caused by these viruses. The description of disease symptoms will help in preliminary diagnosis of nidoviral infections in fish and prawns and raise awareness concerning its possible negative impact on aquaculture. Further development of knowledge about the morphological and molecular biological properties of nidoviruses, as well as the study of disease symptoms in aquatic organisms is promising direction for both purely biological aspects and for sustainable aquaculture.

86-96

Authors: O. Baturevych, T. Bersan

Purpose. To establish the efficiency of the use of such minerals assaponite, analcime and bentonite used as feed additives in the main diet of age-1+ carp on their majorfeatures and the economic component of their cultivation in ponds. Methodology.The experimental works were carried out in the conditions of ponds of the State Enterprise ExperimentalFarm "Nyvka" of the Institute of Fisheries of NAAS during the growing period of 2018. The object of the study were age-1+carp of Nyvka scaly intrabreed type. The study included three experimental and control groups of fish and was conducted in analogous ponds with an area of ​​0.5 ha each. The diet of fish of the first experimental group ws supplemented with 3% of saponite, the diet of fish of the second experimental group was supplemented with 3% of analcime, and the diet of fish of the third experimental group was supplemented with 2% of bentonite. The control group of fish was fed with a balanced feed, without additives. Hydrochemical and fish farming studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Findings.The study demonstrated that majorhydrochemical parameters during the growing period were within normal limits, but there was an increase in the level of permanganate oxidation of waterwith an increase in water temperature during the summer. However, the level of chlorides was slightly increased during the entire growingseason in the experimental and control ponds. In the experimental variants, when supplanting the main diet of age-1+ carp with saponite, analcime and bentonite, the total fish productivity of ponds was higher by 0.7%, 13.4% and 3.5%, respectively, with a decrease in feed costs for cultivation compared to control. At the same time, the best survival rate of fish was 69.1% when fish were fed with the feed supplemented with bentonite, versus 64.2% in the control pond. When analyzing the economic efficiency of the use of these minerals in the feeding of age-1+ carp, a 2% increase in profitability was observed as a result of the supplementation of fish diet with saponite, 16.4% after addinganalcime and 4.2% after adding bentonite compared to control. As a result of comparative characteristics of the studied minerals, it should be noted that the most promising for use in the feeding of age-1+carp can be analtsim, given the highest rates of weight gain of fish, fish productivity of ponds and as well as the earned profit. Originality.The efficiency of the use of such minerals as saponite, analcime and bentonite in the feeding of age-1+ carp as non-traditional feed additives was analyzed for the first time. A comparative assessment of their effects on the main fish features and economic parameters of cultivation was performed. Practical value. Based on obtained positive results of the introduction of the studied minerals into the diet of carp, it is possible to increase fish growth and fish productivity of ponds. The low cost of these non-traditional additives leads to a positive economic effect in the process of fish cultivation. Accordingly, the use of saponite, analcime and bentonite in the conditions of commercial carp cultivation is justified and relevant.