Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

7-18

Authors: Yu. Glebova, O. Shkarupa

Purpose. Exploitation of aquatic bioresources in Ukraine was traditionally low. In order to provide the population of Ukraine with high-quality fish products, the task of fish industry workers in the country is to create appropriate conditions for increasing fish catches and improve the organization of labor and material provision at fish farms. Our immediate goal in the work was to identify the areas of reforms in the fish industry, which would ensure the progress in it and would be aimed at attracting investments in aquaculture, establishing fish protection bodies with a qualitative change in their working principles, forming a culture of socially responsible fishing, achieving transparency and openness in the work of the State Agency for Fisheries, as well as improving the efficiency of the functioning of state institutions. Methodology. The basis of the research is the scientific, statistical and reporting data in the fish industry of Ukraine. The research uses the methods of monitoring and retrospective analysis of recent research and publications. Findings. The information on the implementation of reforms in the field of fish industry in Ukraine is presented: change of territorial bodies, State Fisheries Agency, fisheries regimes, use of aquatic biological resources, regulatory framework, strengthening of international activities and use of foreign experience. In order to increase the capacity of the fish industry, it is being reformed in the direction of changing its structure, increasing funding, introducing foreign investment and using their expertise. Originality. The need for reforming the fish industry of Ukraine became highly important. Modern socio-economic conditions require changes in the approaches to the organization of the activity of f groups that are marked by significant technological, economic, organizational, regulatory and legal peculiarities that need to be taken into account in economic processes. In accordance with the need for changes in the fish industry, the importance of reforming the fish industry of Ukraine has become urgent. Practical value. The materials of the article may be appropriate for using by scientists and fish industry workers.

33-41

Authors: Е. Arystarkhova

Purpose. To determine the possibility of performing an express-evaluation of the toxicity of ammonia polluted waters based on ethological parameters of Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch,1782) with the use «time sampling» method. Methodology. For biotesting in August 2017, water samples were taken from the Denishevsky reservoir of the Teteriv river and water supply network of the water service company, which were placed in aquaria (10 dm3) and a control and experimental groups of fish were formed according to the following scheme: control group – samples of settled (24 hours) clean tap water; experimental group D-1 – water samples from the Denishivsky reservoir with the total ammonia concentration of 1.5 mg/dm3; experimental group D-2 – samples of settled (24 hours) tap water with the total ammonia concentration of 1.5 mg/dm3. Test-objects were females of C. auratus gibelio, in which the parameters of typical and non-typical motor activity and feeding behavior were determined. Fish were exposed for 12 hours. For both experimental groups, water toxicity indexes were calculated in comparison with the control. Findings. In the studies, we showed the possibility of using the «time sampling» method for rapid assessment of the toxicity of polluted waters with ammonium concentration of 1.5 mg/dm3 based the ethological parameters of Prussian carp (C. auratus gibelio), which included the instantaneous fixation of the number of individuals preferring one or another act of behavior. It was shown that C. auratus gibelio females reacted on ammonia content by impairing the motor and feeding behavior. Settled tap water artificially pollution with ammonia (group D-2) appeared to be more toxic for fish than water polluted by natural way. Immobilization of individual fish in the group D-1 was 6.60% lower, while their survival rate was 11.11% hogher compared to the group D-1. Unlike fish of the experience groups, fish in the control group exhibited only single untypical ethological acts. The calculation based on the behavioral parameters of Prussian carp females demonstrated mainly medium (group D-1) and high (group D-2) levels of acute toxicity of experimental waters. Originality. For the first time, the express-evaluation of the toxicity of water with elevated ammonium content (1.5 mg/dm3) was carried out by observing the motor activity and feeding behavior of Prussian carp (C. auratus gibelio) by the «time sampling» method. Practical use. The results of the study are used for the rapid assessment of the toxicity of water of surface water sources of the Teteriv river.

53-64

Authors: K. Geina, S. Shashlykova

Purpose. To give biological assessment of the commercial stock of tulka Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) of the Dnieper-Bug estuary system in the conditions of the reduced Dnieper flow. Methodology. Analysis of the biological state of the tulka stock of the Dnieper-Bug estuary system was performed based on the data on the dynamics of its age structure, linear-weight growth and condition factor. Primary materials were obtained from scientific and commercial catches done during the current century. Field and laboratory processing of the ichthyological materials were performed according to generally accepted methods. Findings. Current commercial fishery situation in the Dnieper-Bug estuary system is characterized by reduced intensity of tulka harvest. Currently, major fish harvest is concentrated in the Mykolaiv fishing ground. As a result of continuous underfishing, a gradual growth of the mean weighed age of the tulka stock is observed with the accumulation of maximum groups of the right wing of the age series. At the beginning of the study (2001-2004), when age group was represented by three groups, the nucleus of the population was formed by age-1 and age-2 fish – 95.7%. However, last years, due to an increase in the number of age-4 fish, a reduction in the percentage of modal groups (age-1 and ahe-2 fish) to 76.7% was observed. At the same time, the share of age-3 and age-4 fish gradually increased from 15.8% in 2013 to 23.2% in 2017. Against the background of a relatively instable age structure, the linear growth and body weight growth rates did not change significantly. The highest variability of linear parameters was observed in age-1 fish. With a mean body length of 40.55±0.53 mm (lim=36.2-45.2 mm), deviations from the modal value (Cv) were 5.10%. With an increase in the age, the linear growth rate decreased and no significant variability was observed. The highest variability of body weight was typical for age-1 and age-2 fish (Cv=17.42 and Cv=15.92%, respectively). The variability of body weight in fish of the right wing of the age series depended by a stable prevalence of females in the stock structure, which were characterized by more significant fluctuations of mean weight due to differences during sexual gland development. The condition factor of tulka was high, Fulton’s condition factor values varied from 0.85 to 1.04. At the same time, a gradual growth of the condition factor with an increase in age was observed. The highest variability of the condition factor was typical for age-2 and age-3 fish – Cv=12.8-15.2%. Originality. The paper contains new as well as updated already existing data on major biological characteristics of the commercial stock of tulka in transformed conditions of fish fauna existence in the Dnieper-Bug estuary system. Practical value. The obtained results are a scientific basis for rational fishery and optimization of fishing pressure on this clupeid species of the Dnieper-Bug estuary system. Under the current conditions, the provided information is topical from the point of view of the improvement of the trophological status of a valuable fishery water body in the context of the reduction of the level of trophic competition between juveniles of semi-migratory fish species and typical zooplantonivorous species such as tulka, which currently increased its abundance.

75-84

Authors: T. Sharamok, V. Kurchenko, N. Kolesnyk

Purpose. To investigate the state of the liver of wild carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) and bream (Abramis brama Linnaeus, 1758) from sites of the Zaporizhzhia reservoir with different human pressures based on histological and cytometric parameters Methodology.The study was carried out in two zones of the Zaporizhzhia reservoir with different degrees and types of human impact - the lower part, located in the agrarian zone (conditionally "environmentally clean" site), and in the Samara Bay with high content of heavy metals in water. The objects of the study were age-4 bream and wild carp. The fish livers for histological studies were obtained from freshly caught fish (in the spring-summer period) by anatomical dissection. Fragments of organs of 0.3 – 0.5 cm were taken for preservation. For the preparation of histological preparations, the liver tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The pictures of histological preparations were made with the aid of a digital camera connected to the microscope. Histologic sections were investigated with 40X magnification using a microscope with the Sciencelab T500 5.17 M digital camera. Findings. Human impact on the hydroelectric system causes signs of hepatocyte hypertrophy and a number of histopathologies in cyprinids in the Samara Bay. The cytometric analysis of the liver showed that the area of hepatocytes in the bay was larger in comparison with the the individuals of similar age from the lower part of the reservoir by 20 and 10% for the wild carp and bream, respectively. In this case, a 14% increase in the small diameter of cells was observed the in hepatocytes of carp, and a 10% increase in large diameter and a 19% increase in nucleus area was observed in bream. The results of the histological invesatigation of the morphological structure of the liver of cyprinids inhabiting the Samara Bay have revealed a number of pathological changes. Fatty liver dystrophy was observed in 37% of bream and 12% of wild carp. The bream liver (2%) had necrotic areas of parenchyma. In the 50% of bream and 25% of wild carp, the initial necrosis stages occurred, which were manifested as changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Frequently, karyopicnosis and cariolysis and destruction of cellular integrity were observed, which may indicate on a chronic damage and a progressive pathological process. There were no pathologies in the fish inhabiting the lower part of the reservoir. Originality. For the first time a cytometric and histological study of the liver of age-4 bream and wild carp from the Zaporizhian reservoir was performed. Practical Value. The obtained results can be used for the detection of histological biomarkers, the most sensitive to the effect of toxic substances. Fish liver is the most appropriate organ for such researches, since changes in its cytometric and histological parameters are a prerequisite for a number of changes in the metabolism as a separate organ and other interconnected systems of fish organism.

99-111

Authors: V. Martseniuk, A. Potrokhov, O. Zinkovskyi, M. Prichepa

Purpose. To establish during the spring and summer period the physiologically-biochemical response of fish to the effect of excessive anthropogenic contamination on the indicators of the maintenance of hormones and glucose in their blood plasma, and the possibility of using these indicators to assess the ecological status of the water body. Methodology. Two Lakes in the city of Kyiv were selected for research, which are characterized by various hydrochemical and toxicological indices. These water objects were Lake Kyrylivske (Opechen Upper) – a water body from the system of Lakes Opechen (polluted by the water body) and Lake Babyne that is on Trukhanov Island (relatively clean Lake, control). Fishing was carried out in the early spring and in the middle of the summer by hook fishing gear. In laboratory conditions, the total content of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and cortisol in blood plasma of fish was determined by enzyme immunoassay, using commercial T3-EIA, T4-EIA sets (NPL Granum, Ukraine) and DS-EIA-Steroid-Cortisol ("Diagnostic Systems" NGO, Russia) using the Rayto RT-2100C EIA Analyzer. The glucose content was determined by spectrophotometrically glucose oxidase method using standard commercial kits "Filisit-Diagnostika" (Ukraine). Statistical data was processed using the programs Statistica 10.0 and Excel programs from the Microsoft Office suite. Findings. In the spring, excessive anthropogenic pressure on the Lake Kyrylivske causes an energy imbalance in fish, which causes the deceleration of catabolic reactions in their tissues. In this period, the perch and roach react to the conditions of existence in the Lake Kyrylivske increase in the content of cortisol in the blood compared with fish from the Lake. Babyne, what can be their reaction to excessive anthropogenic stress. Also, during this period, the low content of thyroxin and triiodothyronine in the perch from the Lake Kyrylivske was noted compared with the Lake. Babyne, which is probably caused by changes in the oxygen and temperature regime during spawning. Increase of thyroxine content in roach from Lake Kyrylivske during the summer period with respect to fish from the Lake Babyne may indicate an increase in the negative effects of toxic substances on the physiological state of fish as water temperature rises. At the perch from the Lake Kyrylivske content of T3 and T4 in 1.19 and 6.22 times, respectively is higher, than that of fish from the Lake Babyne, which is associated with enhanced processes of generating energy in his body, as a result of increased activity of redox reactions, as well as different degrees of oxygen consumption by tissues under complicated conditions of existence. In the summer, in the roach from the Lake Babyne content of cortisol is 2.05 times higher than that of roach of Lake Kyrylivske, which may be the result of a violation of the mobilization of energy compounds by the organism of this species from the Lake Kyrylivske The content of glucose in the blood plasma of the perch from the Lake Kyrylivske was 10.5 mmol/L in the summer, which is 1.43 times higher than that of fish from the Lake Babyne. Such a buildup of glucose can be a mechanism for counteracting toxic substances in the environment. Decrease of glucose content in roach from Lake Kyrylivske is probably the consequence of increased its utilization to ensure the energy homeostasis of the organism under similar conditions of existence. Originality. Inter-species and inter-season differences in the content of hormones in perch and roach, which were under the influence of anthropogenic loading on the water bodies of the metropolis, were established. Practical Value. The obtained results suggest that the characteristics of the thyroxine, triiodothyronine and cortisol content can be characterized by the physiological state of fish, as well as the ecological state of the most water bodies.

121-127

Authors: S. Yurchak

Purpose: To assess the state of the immune system of brood carp, which were fed with a combined feed containing a liposomal preparation with vitamin E and organic compound of selenium microelement during pre-spawning period. Methodology: The study has been performed in three experimental ponds, in which carp females and males were placed after wintering. The first experimental group was fed with a diet supplemented with vitamin E at a concentration of 50 mg/mg of the feed and selenium – 0.3 mg/kg. The second experimental group received the supplement of vitamin E at a concentration of 100 mg.kg and selenium – 0.3 mg/kg. The control group received the mentioned combined feed without addition of the vitamin-mineral supplement. After termination of 30-day pre-spawning feeding with the combined feed supplemented with vitamin E and selenium, blood samples for biochemical tests were collected from fish of the control and both experimental groups. Findings. It was found that pre-spawning feeding of carp females and males with combined feeds supplemented with the above mentioned vitamin-mineral additive had a positive effect on the contents of T-, B-lymphocytes and their subpopulations in fish blood. Originality. The effect of the liposomal preparation with vitamin E and microelement Se fed to brood carp during the pre-spawning period on the contents of T-, B-lymphocytes and their subpopulations in fish peripheral blood was studied for the first time. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in fish breeding centers and full-system fish farms for balanced feeding of brood fish.

5-16

Authors: I. Abramiuk, S. Afanasyev

Purpose. Using as an example of a small river, which flows through a bar plain of the Dnipro, to study species composition of the littoral ichthyoplankton, dynamics of its structure during the season and its diversity in different parts of the river. Methodology. The littoral ichthyoplankton was investigated during four seasons of 2011-2014 on the Vita river, a right tributary of the Dnipro affected by the operation of Kaniv HPP. The research covered the main channel, a permanent backwater connected with the channel, as well as temporarily flooded areas of the floodplain and separated from the channel oxbow lakes. Samples were collected with standard sweep nets and Bagenal buoyant nets. Identification of young fish was carried out under binocular microscope MBS-9. Early life stages of larvae were determined according to the system of V. Vasnetsov. Species diversity of ichthyoplankton was assessed by the Shannon index. Findings. The littoral ichthyoplankton during May-July mostly consisted of limnophilic fish larvae belonging to a family Cyprinidae. In the river channel and the backwater at the beginning of the period the larvae of roach (Rutilus rutilus) prevailed, later they were substituted by larvae of more thermophilic species, among which the rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) was the most abundant. In the oxbow lakes and temporarily flooded areas in spring the coastal ichthyoplankton was mainly structured by larvae of Carassius sp. and the rudd, in summer the larvae assemblages of oxbow lakes were quantitatively dominated by the sunbleak (Leucaspius delineatus). In areas covered with vegetation the larvae of invasive Chinese sleeper (Perccottus glenii) were firstly found. Rheophilic species among young fish were absent, which indicates unfavorable conditions for their spawning at present hydrologic regime of the river. Originality. For the first time the coastal communities of early young fish in a small tributary of the Dnipro were investigated, seasonal dynamics of their structure was considered, the main spawning grounds of industrial fish were determined. Practical value. The obtained results point out the important role of small tributaries of the Dnipro in reproduction of many fishes, particularly the industrial ones. They can serve as a basis for identifying the most suitable places for restoration of fish populations, as well as for proper planning of measures aimed at protection, conservation and restoration of ichthyofauna of small rivers and waters associated with them.

26-36

Authors: N. Chuzhma

Purpose. To perform a comparative analysis of information diversity indices of phytoplankton development in fish-rearing ponds fertilized with biohumus, Riverm and traditional types of organic fertilizers for the determination of the presence or absence of phytoplankton degradation in these water bodies under the effect of the application of these fertilizers. Methodology. The article describes the results obtained during three years of the studies of phytoplankton in fish-rearing ponds, in which was carp seeds were grown in monoculture and polyculture using intensive and extensive cultivation technologies. The information diversity of algal communities of ponds was determined by calculating the Shannon index based on quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton development. Findings. The performed studies have shown that the application of the studied fertilizers did not lead to the degeneration of algal communities in fish-rearing ponds, which would be expressed as a depleted information diversity of phytoplankton quantitative characteristics; the degree of the information diversity of phytoplankton abundance and biomass varied in time independently; the seasonal dynamics of the informative diversity of phytoplankton biomass was shaped by the amounts applied studied organic fertilizers such as cattle humus, biohumus and Riverm; the seasonal dynamics of the information diversity degree of phytoplankton abundance depends mainly on natural factors; an increase in the abundance of blue-green algae by the end of the season, like algal blooms during the season, is not a consequence of the effect of the applied fertilizer. Originality. For the first time Shannon diversity index was used to characterize the development of phytoplankton in fish-rearing ponds after the application of biohumus and Riverm for their fertilization. Practical value. The obtained results indicate on the promising use of biohumus and Riverm to stimulate the development of the natural food supply for fish, in particular, when growing carp seeds.

50-64

Authors: Т. Hryhorenko, N. Savenko, А. Bazaieva, N. Chuzhma, O. Kolos, L. Тytova

Purpose. To investigate the effect of the bacterial fertilizer "Phosphobacterin" on the formation of the hydrochemical regime, development of the natural food supply and fish productivity in the growing ponds. Methodology. The work was conducted according to generally accepted hydrochemical,, microbiological, hydrobiological and fish farming methods. Findings The article presents the results of a study of the productivity of growing ponds with different methods of the application of the bacterial fertilizer "Phosphobacterin". It was found that the hydrochemical regime of the experimental ponds was formed under the effect of the source of water supply and measures aimed at intensifying the development of the natural food supply and was favorable for the development of feed organisms and the cultivation of fish seeds. Application of the bacterial fertilizer at the beginning of the growing season along the water pond surface proved to be little effective for increasing the productivity of the pond ecosystem as a whole. A more effective method of increasing biological productivity, including fish productivity of growing ponds, was the application of "Phosphobacterin" during the growing season both on the bed and on the water surface in combination with the organic fertilizer - cattle humus. In the experimental pond under complex fertilization, the average phytoplankton biomass during the growing season was 1.5 times, bacterioplankton 1.1 times, zoobenthos 2.6 times higher, and the obtained total fish productivity was 1.2 times higher than in the control pond (when applying only cattle humus). Originality. The peculiarities of formation of hydrochemical and hydrobiological (phyto-, bacterio-, zooplankton, zoobenthos) regimes of growing ponds and the fishery indices are studied, both for bacterial fertilizer "Phosphobacterin" independently and together with the traditional organic fertilizer - cattle humus. Practical value. Based on the obtained results, we developed temporary recommendations for using the bacterial fertilizer "Phosphobacterin" to increase the productivity of growing ponds.

76-82

Authors: I. Yarova, O. Zaloilo, V. Bech, I. Zaloilo

Purpose. To investigate the genetic structure of the Galician carp population using microsatellite DNA markers. Methodology. Blood samples taken from the caudal vein of the specimens of the Galician carp farm "Velykyy Lyubin", Lviv region. (N = 15 persons). When landing, they were labeled with electronic chips of the brand Aqua Pump and A-CHIP. The total DNA was isolated using the standard method, using the Gene JET Whole Blood Genomik DNA Purification Mini Kit (USA). The concentration and quality of DNA were determined on an Eppendorf Bio Photometr biophotometer. To study the genetic structure of the Galician carp population, four microsatellite markers were used: MFW 06, MFW 15, MFW 23, MFW 31. Findings. Blood samples taken from the tail vein of fish (n = 15 oz.) Were used as research material. In the course of work, optimal conditions for SSR-PCR analysis have been selected. The conducted studies allowed to determine the factors that have the greatest impact on the amplification efficiency, namely: the concentration of the DNA preparation, the concentration of the primer in the reaction mixture and the number of amplification cycles. In the study group, for all 4 microsatellite loci, only 18 alleles with a molecular weight of 130-343 ng were detected. The number of alleles per locus varied from 3 to 6. The most polymorphous was the locus MFW 23 (6 alleles were detected), and the least polymorphic was the locus MFW 31 (3 alleles were detected). The effective number of alleles in the sample of genotypes studied varied from 2.14 (MFW 31) to 5.23 (MFW 23). According to calculations of allelic frequencies, the main indicators of genetic variability are determined. The maximum level of available heterozygosity is fixed for the MFW 23 locus, the lowest for the MFW locus 31. Originality. For the first time in 65 years the genetic structure of the Galician carp population has been investigated. Practical value. The results will be used in further studies of the arboreal of Galician carp.

98-108

Authors: T. Sharamok, N. Yesipova, N. Kolesnyk

Purpose. To detect the effect of elevated copper ion concentrations (10 aquaculture Maximum Permissible Limits) on morphological and cytometric parameters of erythrocytes of age-2 Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782) in experimental and natural conditions. Methodology. During the work, summarized results of studies performed in 2015-2016 were used. Morphological and cytometric parameters of Prussian carp erythrocytes were determined in the conditions of natural habitats (Zaporizhzhia reservoir) and an experiment. Copper ion concentration both in the experiment and natural conditions was similar and was 0.01 mg/L (10 aquaculture Maximum Permissible Limits). Experimental studies were performed during 21 days. In the control aquarium, fish were kept in the settled tap water; while in the experimental aquaria, intoxication of fish with copper ions was modelled by introducing CuSO4 in water. Blood smears were examined under 40x and 100 x magnifications with the use of microphotography (digital camera Sciencelab T500 5.17 M). Findings. The performed hematological studies showed that under the conditions of experimental chronic intoxication with copper ions (0.01 mg/L), age-2 Prussian carp had an increase in the share of immature forms of erythrocytes, increase in the number of erythrocytes with pathological signs (cell wall destruction, atypical forms), increase in the nucleus-cytoplasm ration, but the difference in cytometric parameters of erythrocytes between experimental and control fish was not significant. When comparing the morphometric parameters of erythrocytes of fish kept in experimental and natural conditions with similar copper ion concentrations (0.01 mg/L), a significant increase in the nucleus areas of mature erythrocytes was detected and, correspondingly, an increase in the nucleus-cytoplasm ratio of erythrocytes (by almost 30%) in fish in experimental conditions compared to fish, which lived in the Zaporizhzhia reservoir. An increase in these parameters indirectly indicate on the inhibition of erythrocyte functional activity. Originality. For the first time, an analysis of the effect of copper ions at a concentration of 0.01 mg/L (10 aquaculture Maximum Permissible Limits) on cytometric parameters of Prussian carp erythrocytes in experimental and natural conditions was presented. Practical value. The obtained results can be used for detecting adaptation reactions in fish organisms under the conditions of the effect of heavy metals as well as for hydroecological monitoring for detecting the levels of heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems dangerous for hydrobionts.

5-28

Authors: A. Liashenko, K. Zorina-Sakharova, Iu. Volikov, V. Makovskyi, Iu. Sytnyk, N. Kolesnyk

Purpose. The study the biodiversity and structural organization of invertebrate macrofauna of the Teremkivsky-3 pond of the river Nyvka, seasonal dynamics and of parameters and determination of pond ecological state and water pollution level based on the calculation of biotic indices. Methodology. The study of invertebrate macrofauna of the Teremkivsky-3 pond was performed during the vegetation season of 2005 (April, July, September). The study was carried out using standard hydroecological techniques with the use of main provisions of the Water Framework Directive of the European Community. In total, 34 quantitative and qualitative samples were collected, which were used for the determination of the structural characteristics of the macrofauna of phytophylous and periphyton invertebrates and following indices were calculated: Shannon diversity index, Woodiwiss index, the degree of the development of macrofauna communities and water saprobity based on indicator species . Findings. The pond Teremkivsky-3 is characterized by relatively high development of submerged aquatic vegetation, especially in summer and autumn, mainly in the coastal zone, a large sandy beach in the central part of the reservoir and a relatively shallow depth (in our studies up to 3 m). A moderate overgrowth of submerged aquatic vegetation stimulates the processes of self-purification of the lake, provides additional shelter for many species of aquatic invertebrates and thus contributes to their development. The worst structural characteristics were recorded for bottom macrofauna of the central part of the lake, where black silty soils with admixtures of detritus and residues were located. Species diversity indices of all three studied biotic communities (zoobenthos, zooperiphyton zoophythos) were similar, quantitative parameters were characterized by relatively high biomass, mainly due to the development of gastropods. Based on the saprobity, water in the lake was characterized as β–α-mezosaprobic. Based on TBI calculated based on the total macrofauna, lake water belonged to the category of "slightly contaminated" in the spring to "clean" and "clean enough" in the summer and fall, respectively. Originality. The studies of the structural organization of benthic, periphyton and phytophylous complexes of the Teremkivsky-3 pond based on quantitative parameters have been conducted and the ecological state of both individual groups of aquatic organisms and total macrofauna of the water body has been determined. The use of similarity indices allowed assessing the degree of species similarity of these macroinvertebrate groups and the originality assessment of each community type has been performed. Practical value. Determining the environmental state of one of the ponds of the city of Kyiv will allow scientists to compare and track the status of other local water bodies in the dynamics of urban waters.

39-48

Authors: P. Mendryshora, H. Kurynenko

Purpose. To analyze the results of cultivation and give fish-breeding and biological characteristics of age-3 brood rainbow trout grown using industrial technology in the conditions of the trout farm "Sloboda Banyliv." Methodology. Fish cultivation was carried in tank conditions of the trout farm "Sloboda Banyliv". The material for the study were age-3 brood rainbow trout obtained from eggs of the fall-spawning form of rainbow trout. Cultivation was carried out in a 216 m2 tank, stocking density of 255 fish/m2, using standard trout culture methods. Statistical analysis of the material was performed in Microsoft Office Excel (2003). Analysis of the variables was performed in the system of absolute values. The analysis criteria were their mean values mean deviations (M±m), standard error (σ), variability coefficient (Cv). Fish were fed with specialized feed manufactured by “BioMar” (Denmark) with a high protein content (more than 40%). Findings. Based on the performed selective-breeding works aimed at creating brood stocks of rainbow trout, it was found that brood fish reared in the industrial conditions of the fish farm “Sloboda Banyliv”, despite instable culture conditions, were characterized by a moderate growth rate and had high values of productive and reproductive features. Mean weight of age-3 rainbow trout females was 1282.5 g, fecundity — 3.48 thousand eggs. Mean weight of produced eggs was 239.17 g, while individual parameters were 70.4 mg for the weight and 4.58 mm for the diameter. Originality. For the first time a study aimed at the formation of brood stocks of rainbow trout with analysis of phenotypic and productive features in the conditions of a fish farm with instable temperature and water regimes has been conducted. Practical value. The results of the performed work will allow selecting and forming a brood stock with high values of productive and reproductive features.

60-67

Authors: V. Spyrydonov

Purpose. Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. The family is grouped into four genera: Acipenser, Huso, Scaphirhynchus and Pseudoscaphirhynchus. Four species may now be extinct. Two closely related species, Polyodon spathula (paddlefish) and Psephurus gladius (Chinese paddlefish, possibly extinct) are of the same order, Acipenseriformes, but belong to the family Polyodontidae and are not considered as "true" sturgeons. The aim of our paper is to develop and carry out a new DNA identification methodology for the sturgeons species with the use of real time polymerase chain reaction. Methodology. A PCR with the detection of results in real time was used for DNA-identification of sturgeon species. Findings. The new real-time PCR was developed and tested for rapid and accurate identification of DNA extracted from eggs and meat of four sturgeon species such as beluga (Huso huso, Linnaeus), Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Brandt), sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus, Linnaeus) and stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus, Pallas). Based on the results of analytical specificity and comparison of the amplification parameters, we detected specific amplification and absence of cross reactions for fin fragments and eggs of the studied fish species. The proposed DNA-identification method can be used for the identification of sturgeon species that will allow controlling the production of competitive aquaculture products, which will meet CITES requirements. Originality. For the first time, the development and approbation of the methodology for species identification of sturgeon fish by using real-time PCR was carried out. Practical value. Species identification of sturgeon fish will allow controlling the production of competitive and legalized aquaculture products that meet CITES requirements as well as will ensure the implementation of the country strategic plan for food security in Ukraine.

78-98

Authors: I. Hrytsyniak, M. Simon

Purpose. To analyze data from scientific sources of information regarding the species-specific features of the hematopoietic and histo-morphological characteristics of hematopoietic tissues and organs of sturgeons (Acipenseridae). Consider the general aspects of their structure at different stages of ontogeny. To present the general features of differentiation and proliferation of blood elements. Findings. A review of scientific papers and literature has revealed that hematopoiesis in sturgeon species of fish differs significantly from that of mammals (Mammalia), but also from other fish from cartilaginous (Chondrichthyes) and bony (Osteichthyes) classes. Moreover, sturgeon fishes are characterized by a species-specificity in the development of hemopoiesis organs on each stage of ontogenesis. The age-related changes of the developing blood cells, ranging from blast elements (erythroblasts, lymphoblasts, monoblasts, myeloblasts) to the appearance of mature (definitive) forms, are marked. The specific heterochrony is revealed in the development of sturgeon blood cells. The organs of hemopoiesis are: hemopoietic cranial or lymphoid organ, gills, spleen, heart, thymus, gastrointestinal tract (anterior part of the digestive canal, pyloric gland, middle intestine, spiral valve and liver) and kidneys (pronephros and mesonephros). Hepatic hematosis begins to be realized during the larval period of development from a massive spread near the vascular connective tissue. A little bit later in the age of 15 days of active feeding, a similar spread covers practically all area of the body. At this time in liver hepatocytes and reticular cells with developing blood corpuscle are precisely allocated. In this period, proliferation of all cellular lines: erythropoietic, lymphocytopoietic, myelocytopoietic, and also thrombocytopoiesis take place in liver. The plasmocyte differentiation occurs in cranial haematogenic organ of sturgeon. In reticular tissue of lymphoid organ, thrombocyte precursors — megakariocytes were found. Mesonephros is a hemopoietic organ, which first starts to perform the hemopoietic function, and executes it until the end of the life cycle of fish. Cell development of erythropoietic and lymphocytopoiesis series is over in the prolarvaperiod of the development in the hematopoietic tissue of the kidney, and the formation of the granular series occurs in the larval period, and eosinophilic myelocytes are marked much earlier than in other hematopoietic organs (the 43 stage of the development), and a bit later — neutrophil myelocytes. Practical value. Systematized data on the specifics of hematopoiesis processes and patterns of development of hemopoietic organs in sturgeon species will be useful both for researchers and fish farmers. This is due to the fact that the course of hemopoiesis most fully reflects each specific stage of the development of sturgeon species, being an instant reaction of a number of body tissues to any changes in the internal and external environment.

114-145

Authors: O. Baturevich

Purpose.To describe the basic physical-chemical and biological properties of certain minerals of volcanic origin, which are deposited in Ukraine.To examine and make a comparative assessment of their chemical composition and biological properties including zeolite, bentonite and saponite. To summarize performance data on the effectiveness of their use in animal, poultry and fish feed as a feed additive. Findings. Groups of zeolites, saponins and bentonites among the minerals of volcanic origin, which are deposited on Ukrainian territory, have been examined. The chemical composition, and hence the properties of these minerals have significant differences. The scientific review of papers shows their wide application in industry, medicine and animal breeding. Zeolite component is presented by clinoptilolite which is suitable for animal feed because of the structure of the crystal lattice. Its structure and chemical composition is determined by sorbing and ion exchange properties. There is a positive effect of zeolite, bentonite and saponite on animals. Zeolites are used in pisciculture in order to increase fish productivity of fisheries and clean fishing reservoir water. The perspective of research efficiency of volcanic origin minerals in fish feeding before the sawning period was determined Practical value. Analysis and synthesis of scientific studies in various fields of animal breeding will help to determine the prospects and ways of the application of the minerals of volcanic origin (bentonite, zeolite and saponite) in pisciculture.

6-28

Authors: Yu. Oziransky, N. Kolesnyk, S. Shcherbak, R. Коnonenko, М. Fedorenko, V. Mosnitskyy, S. Nеkrasov

Purpose. The State of Israel is one of the world leaders in the development of modern technologies, particularly in fisheries industry. E.g., 30 fish farms annually provide production of over 18,000 tons of fish, with an average yield of more than 8 tons per hectare. The fish equipment manufactured in this country is supplied to the Asia, Africa, Europe, South and North America countries, Australia. Israelis' specialists and companies design, build and implement engineering and technological support of fish-breeding enterprises in the EU, China, Nigeria, Georgia, Russia, Belarus, etc. The ongoing shortage of water in the country has spurred innovation in water conservation techniques, and a substantial agricultural modernization, drip irrigation. Israel is also at the technological forefront of desalination and water recycling. The Sorek desalination plant is the largest seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination facility in the world. As of 2015, more than 50 percent of water for Israeli households, agriculture and industry is artificially produced. The country hosts an annual Water Technology and Environmental Control Exhibition & Conference (WATEC) that attracts thousands of people from all over the world. In 2011, Israel's water technology industry was worth around $2 billion a year with annual exports of products and services of dozens of millions of dollars. Due to innovations in reverse osmosis technology, Israel is set to become a net exporter of water in the incoming years. At the same time, publications in Ukraine about the aquaculture branch of Israel concern mainly statistical information, or are devoted to individual ichthyopathological problems, genetic studies, etc. It does not allow analyzing a comprehensive development in this industry of Israel. Thus, the compilation and analysis of existing information is a relevant issue. This article expands the awareness of specialists on the specifics of fisheries industry, marine and freshwater fisheries in Israel, aquaculture technologies, and other fisheries related topics in Israel. Findings. The work written by the organizer and participants of the training course "Intensive Pond Fish Culture", which was held in Israel in December 2016, is a comprehensive survey of modern aquaculture in Israel. In particular, it describes the characteristics of freshwater and marine fish farming and fishing, the technologies used as well as the state fisheries management system. Practical value. This review would help to modernize management approaches in fisheries sector of Ukraine, educational and scientific activities, and develop the international cooperation with Israel.

40-51

Authors: I. Hrytsyniak, V. Hurbyk, A. Bazaieva, N. Chuzhma

Purpose To analyze technical and biological parameters of Galician carp young-of-the-year in the conditions of their commercial rearing in Subcarpathia ponds. Methodology. The works have been performed in accordance with conventional techniques in fish farming and selective breeding. During the rearing of Galician carp yearlings, a monitoring of abiotic factors in the experimental pond has been carried out. Findings. According to hydrochemical analysis, pond water belonged to hydrocarbonate class of calcium water and a type, which is typical for natural waters of this physical-geographic area. The species composition of phytoplankton at the beginning of the study was represented by 39 species and intraspecific taxa, in the middle of the experiment — 33, and 36 species and intraspecific taxa at the end of the study period. The majority of phytoplankton species composition was represented by green algae. The majority of zooplankton biomass (up 46%) was represented by copepods, while rotifers dominated by abundance (up 49.9%). The parameters of zoobenthos development in the rearing pond ranged within 54 - 120 ind. / m2 by abundance and 0.5 - 1.3 g / m2 by biomass. The most abundant zoobenthic organisms were Chironomidae (71%) and Oligochaeta (29%). Fish stocking density in the rearing pond of the 1st order was 10 thousand fish/ha; fish seeds were represented by Galician carp larvae. At the end of the growing season, 27.2 thousand young-of-the-year were obtained, the survival rate was 68%. Mean individual weight was 96 ± 75 g, coefficient of variation was 12%. When assessing the dynamics of weight growth, its peak was observed in the first week of August, while the specific growth rate had maximum values in the third week of July. Exterior parameters were used to evaluate strain characteristics. In the middle of the growing season, the young-of-the-year had mean condition factor of 2.6 ± 0.3, which was high enough for them. Before wintering, this value increased to 3.0 ± 0.2. The head index at the beginning of the growing season was 4.4 ± 0.7, at the end of the growing season it decreased to 3.3 ± 0.1. The body depth index index ranged from 2.5 ± 0.1 to 2.6 ± 0.03. The body girth index was 1.1 ± 0.1. The caudal peduncle ranged from 1.9 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.2, while the coefficient of variation was 15% to 18%. According to the obtained results, the technical parameters of Galician carp young-of-the-year were higher than normative values. Originality. For the first time we evaluated the basic technical and biological parameters of Galician carp young-of-the-year. The assessment of exterior parameters of the study object during the growing season was provided. The evaluation of Galician carp young-of-the-year in the conditions of commercial rearing in Subcarpathiaт ponds was performed. Practical value. Industrial cultivation Galician carp young-of-the-year will provide an opportunity to produce high-quality material for further production of age-2 fish as well as will allow increasing fish productivity parameters in pond fish farms in the Subcarpathiaт region.

64-72

Authors: L. Haloyan, A. Mruk, L. Terteryan, A. Kucheruk

Purpose. Study and analysis of productive and reproductive parameters of brood brown trout reared in the conditions of industrial aquaculture with the use of feeding with specialized artificial feeds. Methodology. Fish rearing was performed using a technology traditional for rainbow trout. Biological evaluation of fish was performed on live material according to the scheme developed by I.F. Pravdin (1966) for salmonids. Fish were anesthetized with “Propiscin”. Metric parameters were measured with the aid of a ruler and caliper. Fish weight was determined on electronic balances. Eggs were preserved in a 4% formalin solution, weight of individual eggs was determined with the aid of torsion balances, egg diameter with a caliper. The duration of spermatozoid motility in males was determined under a microscope under 10X40 magnification with the aid of a stopwatch, sperm concentration was determined in a Goriaev chamber. Multiple regression analysis was performed in JMP IN 4 (SAS Institute). The factor was considered significant if р <0.05. Findings. Brood brown trout reared on specialized artificial feeds had following productive parameters: mean body weight of age-3 fish was 458 g in males and 453 g in females. Mean working fecundity of age-3 fish as 1847 eggs, mean relative working fecundity was 3971 eggs, the mean qualitative parameters of which were: weight of 61.5 g, diameter of 74.7 mm. The reproductive characteristics of age-3 males was high – mean fecundity was 1391 million sperm cells, their motility was 35 sec. Originality. For the first time we reared a stock of brood brown trout in industrial conditions with the use of feeding with specialized artificial feeds. Practical value. The obtained results are a component of the development of a complex technology of salmonid fish rearing with an objective to broad the assortment of valuable gourmet products and to justify the measures on artificial reproduction of brown trout in rivers of the Carpathian region.

84-91

Authors: Y. Volichenko, S. Penteluk, I. Sherman

Purpose. To examine the dynamics of hematological parameters of cyprinids during winter and to determine certain relationships of these or other internal parameters of the experimental groups of the young-of-the-year and yearlings. Methodology. Studies are based on experimental and laboratory methods adopted in the fishery, physiological and statistical studies. Findings. The obtained data of the physiological state of fish after wintering indicate on the reduced content of total blood protein; high number of red blood cells from 1.7 to 2.4 mil/ml in bighead carp and grass carp, high erythropoiesis (8.0–25.0%) of red blood cells; reduction in the content of white blood cells with an increased share of neutrophil granulocyte in leukocyte formula. The biochemical analysis of blood serum showed a typical reduction in total blood protein and reduction in glucose within 25.0–53.1%. There was a pronounced reduction in triglycerides and cholesterol by 24.7–59.5%. Eosinophils, basophils, foam cells and blasts occur sporadically. The correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between blood physiological indices and mean weight as well as condition factor in all studied carp species. Originality. The analysis of the hematological parameters of blood parameters in relation to wintering of the young-of-the-year common carp, silver carp, bighead carp, and grass carp reared by fish ranching technology was carried out for the first time. It was found that changes in hematological parameters of carp yearlings indicated on certain changes in the physiological state of fish seeds and could be considered as a specific signal for the development of appropriate preventive measures and optimization of the technological parameters when organizing the process of age-2 fish rearing. Practical value. These data can be used as a component of quality indication and general physiological condition of fish seeds.

118-127

Authors: I. Hrytsynyak, T. Shvets

Purpose. Creating a thematic bibliographic list of publications in Ukrainian and Russian, dedicated to the ecology, biology, selection and cultivation of such Far East fish fauna species as black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus Richardson) in conditions of fish farms of Ukraine and neighboring countries, as well as the possibility of it introduction into water bodies for bioameliorative purpose. Methodology. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core has been formed with the literature from the fund of the scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS. Findings. There was composed a thematic list of publications with a total quantity of 67 sources, containing characteristics of black carp as representative of cyprinids, which is very important species from the point of view of aquaculture. This bibliography covers the time period from 1949 till 2011.The literary sources were arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 7.1:2006 «System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic entry. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules», as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose area of interests covers the questions of breeding and study of the biological features of black carp.