Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

7-15

Authors: I. Zakharchenko, V. Lytvynenko, S. Kurganskiy

Purpose. The determination and analysis of main biological characteristics of silver bream from the point of view of the formation and exploitation of its commercial stock in the Kyiv reservoir. Methodology. The work is based the results of monitoring field studies carried out on the Kyiv reservoir during 2012–2014. Ichthyological materials were collected from standard commercial gill nets with mesh sizes of 30–80 mm, which were set in different habitats and depths of the reservoir. Collection and processing of samples was carried out using conventional ichthyological methods adapted for the Dnieper reservoirs. Findings. According to the data of monitoring gill nets, silver bream population in 2014 was composed of 10 age groups. The majority of their population (70.8%) in catches was composed of age-5 to age-7 fish, i.e. the number of modal classes increased due to the right wing of the older age groups. The frequency distribution of silver bream had a shape of a curve with wide, however broken (due to the reduction in age-5 fish) peak and gradual decrease. Age-length properties, fatness parameters and condition factor of silver bream in the Kiev reservoir during last years remained on the stable high level indicating on favorable fattening conditions and forming the ichthyomass of this species. At the present time, silver bream of the Kyiv reservoir formed a commercial stock with such qualitative and quantitative characteristics, which allow exploiting it in the mode of traditional commercial harvest and specialized harvest of silver bream concentrations with the use of gill nets with mesh sizes of 50, 60 mm. Originality. We obtained and analyzed the new data on the current state of silver bream (Blіcca bjoerkna) in Kyiv reservoir as an important element of commercial fish production. Practical Value. The results of the work allows increasing qualitative and quantitative characteristics of silver bream catches and will be used for the preparation of commercial fishery regime for the Kyiv reservoir.

25-34

Authors: O. Buzevych, S. Prokopenko

Purpose. Analysis of the dynamics of structural parameters as an integral property of the processes of recruitment and elimination of the reproductive and commercial population nuclei of pikeperch of the Kyiv reservoir. Methodology. Ichthyological material was collected during spring-summer period of 2015-2016 from survey catches done with gill nets with mesh sizes of 30-120 mm. Collection and processing of the field materials were carried out using conventional methods. In total, catches of 3.5 thousand net-days were processed during the study period and 1031 individual pikeperch were analyzed. Total mortality coefficient (Z) was determined by graphic method based on the dynamics of the natural logarithms of the abundances of different age groups. Statistical processing of data was done in MS Excel. Findings. Commercial landings of pikeperch during last 10 years has a clear trend for a growth: from 20-25 to 80-100 tons. The catch of pikeperch per unit effort of survey gill nets in an interannual aspect is also characterized by a growth. At the same time, there is a certain improvement of the structural parameters of pikeperch population, e.g. an increase in the maximum age and extension of the modal frequency distribution. Age-3 and age-4 fish represented the major part of the population (71.6%) in the catches of 2015, while the share of age-5-6 fish was also relatively high (10.8%). It resulted in an increase in the weighed mean age of the pikeperch population to 4.5 years. For 2016, there is a significant shift of the frequency distribution to its left wing – the major part of the population (64.7%) was composed of age-2 to age-4 fish. The weighed mean age in 2016 decreased to 2.6 years that was due first of all to abundant recruitment and intensive elimination of middle age groups. Total mortality (Z) of pikeperch in 2015-2016 was 0.53-0.56 that corresponded to normal conditions of the formation of the commercial stock of this species and moderate level of its exploitation. The major part of pikeperch catches in 2016, both by number (61.5% of the total catch) and biomass (54.9%) was done by gill nets of 40-60 mm mesh size (in 2015 – a=60-70 mm). The distribution of pikeperch catches according to the mesh sizes indicate on the necessity for the implementation of a special regime for the exploitation of this species. Originality. We obtained new data for the theoretical justification of the principles of the maintenance of optimum structural parameters of pikeperch population in the condition of a commercially fished water body. Practical value. The study results will be used for the preparation of the procedure of the fisheries exploitation of ichthyofauna in the Kyiv reservoir, which include, in particular, the regulation of mesh sizes in commercial fishing gears.

42-51

Authors: N. Tson, A. Kovalchuk, N. Tushnytska, O. Dumych, B. Syaryy, R. Pirus

Purpose. To establish and assess acute toxicity parameters of "ROST-concentrate (10+7+7)" acute toxicity for planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna Straus and carp fingerlings Cyprinus carpio L. Methodology."ROST-concentrate (10+7+7)" contains macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), which are valuable for the pond ecosystem, and trace elements in environmentally safe chelate form. We determined the vital (LC0), absolutely lethal (LC100) and median (LC50) drug concentrations on the test organisms such as crustacean D. magna (Cladocera) and carp fingerlings C. carpio. The determination of acute lethal toxicity on D. magna was conducted according to DSTU 4173: 2003 that corresponded to the international standard ISO 6341: 2012, MOD [7]. The temperature of the experiment was 20±0.5 oC. The exposure time - 96 hours. Daphnia were not fed. Following "ROST-concentrate (10+7+7)" concentrations were tested: 100; 75; 50; 25; 10; 1; 0.5; 0.1; 0.05; 0.01; 0,005; 0,001 ml/dm3. We also determined the acute lethal toxicity on carp fingerings with an average weight of 6.78±0.63 grams following the standardized procedure [8]. Pond water was used in the experiment. Ten fish were placed into a 40 L aquarium. Following concentrations of "ROST-concentrate (10+7+7)" were investigated: 0,5; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 15; 20; 30; 40 mg/L. The exposure time was 24 hours. Water temperature was 19±1oC. LC50 drug median concentration was calculated according to G. Kerber method. Findings. The parameters of integral acute toxicity of "ROST-concentrate (10+7+7)" on typical organisms of fish pond ecosystems.With 96 h exposure on juvenile cladoceran D. magna, lethal concentration was LC100 = 5,00 ml/dm3, median concentration was LC50 = 0,15 ml/dm3, vital concentration was LC0 = 0,01 ml/dm3. According to the classification of toxic substances, the "ROST-concentrate (10+7+7)" is characterized by low toxicity on juvenile cladoceran D. magna. With 24 h exposure on carp fingerling: lethal concentration was LC100 = 40,0 ml/dm3, median concentration was LC50 = 18,6 ml/dm3, vital concentration was LC0 = 7,0 ml/dm3. According to the classification of toxic substances [11], "ROST-concentrate (10+7+7)" was practically nontoxic to 6.78 ± 0.63 g carp juveniles. Originality. First study of the acute effect of organic-mineral preparation "ROST-concentrate (10+7+7)" on planktonic cladoceran D. magna and carp juvenile C. carpio. Practical value. The obtained results show a very low level of toxicity of the drug and safety for organisms of fish-breeding pond ecosystem organisms after its application.

64-75

Authors: K. Heina

Purpose. To analyze basic biological characteristics of the commercial stock of rudd. Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) of the Dnieper-Bug estuary system in the conditions of the regulated flow of the Dnieper River. Methodology. Morphological peculiarities were determined based on the analysis of meristic and plastic features. When assessing the biological state of the commercial stock rudd, the main attention was given to the age, sex structure, fecundity, characteristics of length-weight growth and condition factor. The ichthyological material was collected during the work of monitoring stations of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine, the operation of which was regulated by protocol decisions of the Scientific and Commercial Council of the State Agency of Fisheries. Field and laboratory processing of collected data was carried out using conventional ichthyological methods and guidelines. Findings. The analysis of meristic features of rudd of the Dnieper-Bug estuary system showed that fin formulas were as follow: D – III 7-9 (10) (М=8.19±0.14); A - III 10-12 (М=10.81±0.17); P - I (12) 13-15 (16) (М=14.26±0.18); V - II 7-8 (М=7.78±0.08). The lateral line had from 38 to 47 scales (М=42.63±0.65). 7-8 (М=7.67±0.09) transverse rows of scales were located above lateral line, while 5-6 (М=5.6±0.9) under it. A peculiarity of the current biological state of rudd stock is stable age structure with the domination of young age groups. An increase in the ratio of the maximum age groups against the background of an insignificant trend for the decrease of the ratio of age-5 fish indicates on an increased pressure (both commercial and recreational) on rudd recruitment. A confirmation of it is an increase of the mean weighed age of the commercial stock from 4.16-4.17 to 4.26-4.31 years. The sex structure is typical for cyprinids. A trend of the domination of males in younger age groups and females in older age groups is observed. In total, sex ratio was practically equal (1:0.96) but with insignificant predominance of females. The length-weight growth rate is intensive enough. The most variable growth features were observed in age-4 fish that was related to sexual maturation. The absolute individual fecundity varied from 11.02±0.26 thousand eggs in age-3 fish to 132.56±1.48 thousand eggs in age-7 fish. At the same time, the variability (Cv) gradually decreased from 5.27% to 2.50%, respectively, in the indicated age groups. The condition factor of rudd is satisfactory. Depending on the age, it varied from 2.27±0.02 to 2.58±0.03 with Cv=1.46-2.49%. Originality. The data of the morphological structure of the rudd of the Dnieper basin have been significantly improved, especially in the lower reach in the conditions of the transformed flow. The existing information on the age, sexual structure, fecundity and length-weight growth has been supplemented. Practical value. Current data obtained during the study have to become a scientific justification of the optimization of commercial pressure on native fish fauna of the Dnieper-Bug estuary system that becomes important in the aspect of nature protection measures aimed at preserving biodiversity of the transformed water bodies of Ukraine.

95-102

Authors: V. Gurbyk

Purpose. The analysis and evaluation of wintering of galician carp fingerlings in pond conditions of Subcarpathia Methodology. Study was conducted at the farm "Corop", located in Rawa-Ruska, Lviv region. The objects of research were fingerlings of Galician carp, growing under semi-intensive conditions. The main fish-breeding and biological indexes were examined during the autumn catches and after spring inventory using conventional fish farming methods. Determination of the biochemical composition of skeletal muscles was conducted under zootechnical analysis. Findings. The weight of fingerlings of Galician carp during the wintering in ponds of fish-farm "Carp" was an average 104±7,5 g, nutritional ratio was at 3.1±0,3 while after the following winter it was 2.6±0,3. The biochemical composition of muscles in Galician carp was within legal parameters, confirming satisfactory physiological state of fish before winter maintenance. Environmental conditions of winter incubation of fish corresponded to fish breeding requirements. Thermal regime of pond during the winter of Galician carp age 0+ was in the range 1°C–6°C. The quantity of dissolved oxygen also does not exceed the critical limits. Оther hydro-chemical parameters also correspond to the fisheries requirements. After inventory of wintering ponds the average weight of catched fingerlings was 92±7,7 g. The out of fish wintering was within 86%. The absolute weight loss at the end of the winter period was not exceeded 12 g, consequently the relative ratio was 11.5%. From the obtained data, it could be concluded that the process of the wintering of Galician carp fingerlings, was carried with minimal losses for industrial breeding in general. Originality. For the first time the Galician carp fingerlings were assessed for wintering in ponds of Subcarpathia. Practical value. The results of current research will be used in planning and industrial breeding of Galician carp.

113-122

Authors: А. Маriutsa, S. Tarasjuk, І. Hrytsyniak

Purpose. Study of the genetic structure specificity, intra- and interpopulation genetic variation of the brood stocks of Ukrainian scaled carp from different fish farms of Ukraine using DNA markers (ISSR-PCR). Methodology. A PCR (ISSR-PCR) method with appropriately selected primers has been used to investigate the genetic structure specificity. Findings. The genetic structure analysis of Ukrainian scaled carp has been carried out using three microsatellite DNA loci: (AGC)6G, (AСC)6G, (AGC)6С. In total, 55 amplicons were detected for all primers. Fifteen primers were detected when using (AGC)6G primer, 17 for (AСC)6G primer and 23 for (AGC)6С primer. The molecular weight on electropherograms had maximum values when using (AСC)6G primer (500 n.p. – 3500 n.p.) in Nyvky carp. The detected specific differences between the examined populations of scaled carp depend on their genetic origin. Variations of the detected amplicons are sufficient for separating individual fish or, if works are carried out with a group of broodfish, for selecting parental pairs for increasing genetic diversity. Originality. The use of ISSR-markers allowed detecting the peculiarities of the genetic structure, level of genetic variability of the brood stocks of Ukrainian scaled carp. For the first time, we obtained new data on the specificity of the genetic structure when using PCR techniques, which allow detecting specific mechanisms of the maintenance of the relative stability of the genetic material of Ukrainian scaled carps and allow controlling and preserving the specificity of their genetic structure. Practical value. Proposition of a method for the genetic control of Ukrainian scaled carp stocks based on the application of PCR techniques, which allows performing an analysis of the genetic structure of fish stocks and using the genetic information at early stages of breeding selection process.

131-153

Authors: M. Symon

Purpose. To anayze scientific sources on physiological-biochemical pecularities of reducing-oxidizing processes, including peroxide oxidation of lipids and work of the system of antioxidant protection system in sturgeon species (Acipenseridae). The initiation and process of the oxidative stress have been described. The main products of peroxide oxidation of lipids, antioxidants of natural and artificial origin, organs and tissues for the studies of reducing-oxidizing processes have been examined. Findings. The work generalizes the processes of lipid peroxidation. Briefly outlined the main mechanism of action of antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant defense system plays one of key role in the life of organism due regulating its series of metabolic processes, use of assessing of its state gives an opportunity obtain quantitative information on the progress of these processes. The products of free radical peroxidation (dien conjugates and malonic dialdehyde) can also act as a sort of biomarkers of tissue damage, because their content can judge about the intensity of the flow of free radical processes in the various systems in organism. The review contains a description of the peculiarities of the liver and its involvement in lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system. It is shown the most common antioxidants used in the feeding of sturgeon. Organs and tissues, which should be used for studying the processes of peroxide oxidation of lipids in sturgeon species, have been examined. Practical value. The systematized data regarding peroxide oxidation of lipids, oxidative stress and antioxidant protection system allow finding a balance between these processes. The data on antioxidants, which are used in feeds for sturgeon species, will be useful for sturgeon culturists. The array of the generalized information will be important for scientists who study the pecularities of the processes of peroxide oxidation of lipids and antioxidant protection system in sturgeon species.